Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

"The GoN has taken several measures to eradicate harmful practices by raising awareness and enforcing directives and guidelines. The new draft Bill related to Children has incorporated provisions to prohibit all forms of harmful practices that affect children. The GoN is also in the process of drafting a consolidated legisl ation against all forms of harmful traditional practices." (7). "The Constitution guarantees rights against exploitation and discrimination from all harmful traditional practices that discriminate women. No laws and policies of Nepal recognize and protect such harmful practices. State agencies and even the private persons are prohibited to make any treatment against women which undermines the fundamental freedom of women. Chhaupadi,...more

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

“It is easy to be cynical about recent reports of actions taken to end chhaupadi, the traditional practice in parts of western Nepal of segregating menstruating women. Since December, hundreds of the chhau sheds where women live during their periods have been demolished after the Home Ministry ordered district officials to strictly enforce laws that bar the practice. Local officials have warned they will withhold social security payments to anyone found to be involved in the practice of menstrual banishment” (para 1-2). “A 2005 Supreme Court decision outlawed chhaupadi, and a 2017 national law made forcing a woman to use a shed punishable by up to 3 months in jail...more

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-LAW-1

"The practice of 'chhaupadi' (expelling women and girls from their homes during menstruation and sometimes following childbirth, including forcing women and girls to reside in cattle sheds) continued to be a serious problem. Chhaupadi persists despite a 2005 Supreme Court decision outlawing the practice and guidelines on eliminating it issued in 2008 by the Ministry of Women, Children, and Social Welfare. The new criminal code adopted in August formally criminalizes the practice by stipulating a punishment of up to three months’ imprisonment, a maximum fine of NRs 3,000 ($30), or both" (Pg 27).

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

"Following the incident, the government is planning to send officials to the area again to educate residents about the practice, he said. The practice was banned by the Supreme Court in 2005 and a new law criminalized it last year, with violators who force women into exile during menstruation facing up to three months in prison or a fine of 3,000 Nepalese rupees (£23)" (para 14-15).

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

"Nepal’s Parliament has criminalized the practice of banishing women and girls from their homes during menstruation and after childbirth" (para 1) "The new law, which will come into effect next year, carries a three-month jail sentence, a fine of 3,000 rupees (about $40) or both, for anyone who forces a woman to follow the practice. 'A woman during her menstruation or post-natal state should not be kept in chhaupadi or treated with any kind of similar discrimination or untouchable and inhuman behavior,' reads the law, which was passed in a unanimous vote on Wednesday" (para 5-6).

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

A volunteer community health worker named Ramudevi Malla tries to educate mothers on staying at their homes instead of a shed. According to this article it seems that post-partum seculsion is practiced because of tradition, not because of a law (ENB-Coder Comment)

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2, SMPP-LAW-1, DV-LAW-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2

"In Pakistan there is currently a wife-beating bill proposed by the Council of Islamic Ideology, stating that a man should be able to 'lightly beat' his wife as a form of discipline.The draft details that a husband should be entitled to 'lightly' beat his wife if she does one of the following: defies his commands, does not dress up as per her husband's desires, refuses intercourse or does not take a bath after intercourse/ menstrual periods" (para 10).

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

"The nonprofit is working with girls and women in western Nepal to end a tradition called chaupadi — that's held them back for thousands of years: 'When they are menstruating, no matter what, they stay outside, they eat outside and they sleep outside,' Shrestha says.Outside in sheds. In Kamala's village they consist of a raised platform, with no walls, some have thatched roofs...The Supreme Court of Nepal outlawed the practice in 2005 so it's illegal to force women into these sheds, but many villagers in the remote west continue to do it"(para 4-5, 33)

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

"When Nepal became a secular state in 2006, the practice disappeared in most parts of the country. A ruling by the Supreme Court in effect bans the practice and imposes stiff sentences on anyone forcing women to follow it. However, the tradition survives in the poorest regions, especially the western districts of Accham, Doti, Baitadi, Dadeldhura and Dailekh" (Para 3)

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

“The centuries old practice of chhaupadi in Nepal can cause prolonged depression in girls and women. In extreme cases it can also cause death. Chhaupadi pratha, or ritual practice, places Nepali women and girls in a limbo of isolation. In history it is a practice that has been largely accepted. The word chhaupadi, translates in the Achham local Raute dialect as ‘chhau’ which means menstruation and ‘padi’ – woman. Today the ritual of banishment surrounding chhaupadi still affects girls and women on all levels of Nepali society. This dangerous practice also isolates woman during and after childbirth as they are banished for up to eleven days away from family members,...more

Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-LAW-1, SMPP-DATA-1

"There is a tradition in parts of Nepal of keeping women in cow-sheds during their period. The practice is common in far western districts of the country. The Supreme Court has ordered the government to declare the practice as evil and given it one month to begin stamping the practice out. The court reached its decision on Wednesday. Women's rights activists say the court has upheld their right to equality. Pushpa Bhusal, a leading lawyer, said it was a positive move in removing the traditional discrimination against women. She warned however, that a change in the law alone would not be enough. She said people needed to be educated against...more

Countries: China
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

“Menstruation Leave - Wheather need special application During menstruation, women workers shall not be assigned work at high altitudes, low temperature, or in cold water, etc. Many enterprises have their own regulation to allow two days' menstruation leave, usually need the proven from urine test” (Paragraph 5).

Countries: China
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

“The Chinese tradition of Zuo Yuezi (Cho Yuet in Cantonese) dictates that for 40 days from the birth of their children, mothers must stay inside and avoid bathing, washing their hair or brushing their teeth. They must cover their heads to prevent chills, keep the windows closed, and remain in bed for as long as possible. Zuo Yuezi – which loosely translates into doing the month – also requires mothers to avoid all forms of stress, including crying, shouting and talking for an entire cycle of the moon. While ‘doing the month,’ mothers can’t eat ‘cold’ foods such as cool drinks, ice cream, fruits or vegetables. Instead, they must load...more

Countries: Bhutan
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

"The State shall endeavour to take appropriate measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination and exploitation against women including trafficking, prostitution, abuse, violence, harassment and intimidation at work in both public and private spheres" (20)

Countries: Iran
Variables: SMPP-LAW-1

"Provisions in the Islamic civil and penal codes, in particular those sections dealing with family and property law, discriminate against women. Shortly after the 1979 revolution, the government repealed the 1967 Family Protection Law that provided women with increased rights in the home and workplace and replaced it with a legal system based largely on Shari'a practices."