Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"More than 90 percent of pregnant women in Sierra Leone now get prenatal care, and the great majority are assisted during delivery by a trained midwife, nurse or doctor. After delivery, nurses put babies to the breast right away and counsel moms on exclusive breastfeeding practices, reducing infant mortality" (para 9).

Countries: Guatemala
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"In 2017, the Guatemalan Social Security Institute signed an agreement with the Liga de la Leche Materna de Guatemala (Breastfeeding League of Guatemala) in order to promote breastfeeding among members and their families, and to strengthen prevention and health promotion programmes" (26).

Countries: Bolivia
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"[T]he Universal Prenatal 'For Life' Subsidy, contribute[s] to the health of pregnant women and nursing mothers... 2018 was declared the 'Year for Monitoring Perinatal and Neonatal Maternal Mortality'. That year, 700,899 pregnant women were given full doses of iron" (24). Sufficient iron intake can improve the production of breast milk (MV-coder comment).

Countries: Egypt
Variables: GIC-LAW-3, SAB-PRACTICE-1

"[There is] limited availability of affordable childcare facilities and breastfeeding arrangements, especially in the private sector" (10).

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"A male manager allegedly threw out a mother from out of a bar and accused her of taking drugs while she was drawing breast milk into a pump which he later broke" (para 1). "[T]he manager bizarrely compared [breastmilk] to spiking a drink and branded [the mothers] 'disgusting'." (para 12). "[T]he manager stormed over, snatched her breast pump out of her hands as she was trying to put it back in, snapped it in half and chucked it in the bin" (para 14). "There's been no apology, no offer to replace the broken pump" (para 20). "[B]reastfeeding mums feel they need to hide away" (para 22). "On its Facebook page,...more

Countries: Djibouti
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"Those efforts are reflected in the results of a 2018 qualitative study conducted in collaboration with UNICEF that highlighted the following advances, among others: 91 per cent of mothers breastfeed, although not exclusively, during the first 6 months" (22).

Countries: Italy
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"to encourage breast-feeding the Italian Authorities have launched...an agreement in the State-Regions Conference where they approved the first national guidelines on the protection of the rights of the parturient, the promotion of natural childbirth and the protection of the health of the newborn" (87). "On December 20, 2007, the Ministry on Health reached an agreement...with the Italian Region under special statute and...with the...State-Regions Conference, on 'The National Guidelines on the protection, and promotion of the breast-feeding practice'...this recommends: the breast-feeding as the solely method for feeding children, up to the age of six months...and the extension of such practice as long as mothers will manage; the establishment of an Ad...more

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"But Sir Lindsay said he would not block breastfeeding when asked if he would allow it in the chamber or committee rooms. 'I'm of the view there isn't a policy, my view is that it is up to a mother,' he said. 'I think it would be wrong for me as a male to dictate on that policy. If it happens, it happens. I wouldn't be upset by it, let's put it that way.' Several MPs in recent years have brought their young children into the Commons, including Labour's Ellie Reeves and Tory Kemi Badenoch. They both carried their children as they were sworn in for the new Parliament in...more

Countries: Australia
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"MPs can bring young children to work and breast or bottle feed under new laws" (para 1). "Babies and breastfeeding will be allowed in South Australia's House of Assembly under new laws which passed on Thursday" (para 2). "Breastfeeding was also permitted, with Senator Larissa Waters becoming the first woman to breastfeed her baby in federal parliament in 2017" (para 9). "The Queensland mother proudly breastfed her two-month-old baby girl, Alia, while passing a senate motion on black lung disease" (para 10).

Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"The above situation was then compounded by a culture of complicity and silence. The sex trafficking market extended all over BiH, and spread rapidly from the entry point of Bijelina in the North East to a variety of other locations. Opposition proved impossible, because those in power, including men in international organizations, became patrons. This implied that everyone trusted the silence of the other, and all in the international community could ultimately rely on diplomatic immunity to cover their crimes" (para 4).

Countries: Mexico
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"Unda, a leader of the feminist organisation Brujas del Mar, was one of the organisers of the country's National Women's Strike on March 9, when 6.6 million women did not leave the house to show the Latin American country what society would look like without women" (para 2).

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1, SAB-LAW-1

"Article 35 in the same law also provides provision, for lactating female working in the private sector, after their return from maternity leave, to two nursing periods of a minimum of one hour each, until the baby is six months of age, and when the baby is aged six months, to one year, a woman is entitled to two further periods of care, that last for a minimum duration of 30 minutes. In the public sector, lactating mothers are granted maternal hours for two years" (7).

Countries: Papua New Guinea
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"The Infant and Young Child Feeding Policy 2014-2024 specifically mentions the need for early breastfeeding initiation (National Department of Health 2014b)" (190). "Table 11.1 shows that 91% of last-born children born in the 2 years before the survey were breastfed at some point" (190). The near-universality of breastfeeding in Papua New Guinea suggests that it is considered socially acceptable (RAO-CODER COMMENT). "Breast milk contains all of the nutrients needed by children during their first 6 months of life. It is recommended that children be exclusively breastfed in the first 6 months of their life; that is, they should be given nothing but breast milk. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months prevents...more

Countries: Nigeria
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"Early initiation of breastfeeding is more common among children whose deliveries were assisted by health personnel (50%) than among those whose deliveries were assisted by traditional birth attendants (33%), no one (36%), or others (37%)" (259). "Infants in urban areas were more likely to start breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (49%) and less likely to receive a prelacteal feed (43%) than those in rural areas (38% and 53%, respectively)" (259). "Children born to mothers with more than a secondary education were more likely to start breastfeeding within an hour of birth (52%) than children born to mothers with no education (34%). Conversely, children born to mothers with no education...more

Countries: Namibia
Variables: SAB-PRACTICE-1

"The #MeToo movement... has been slower to take off in Africa, where campaigners say many women fear reprisals for speaking out. Namibia's movement was initially triggered by a local student who spoke out on social media last month about being sexually abused on campus. 'A lot of people are asking 'why now?'. The #MeToo movement in the U.S. started about two years ago,' Iileka said. 'All I can say is social media has given survivors an opportunity to seek safety in numbers'... Namibia's first lady, Monica Geingos, has thrown her weight behind the movement and tweeted last week that her team would offer free advice to victims" (para 5-9, 16).more