Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"The pressure to marry began when Amiee was in her early 20s. By 25, her Chinese parents were accusing her of causing them a public loss of face because she still had no plans to wed. Her father warned her that women are worth less to a man as they near the age of 30, when — according to Chinese government propaganda — their peak childbearing time has passed. When Amiee was 29, her mother threatened to jump off a building if she didn’t find a husband. At family gatherings like Chinese New Year, relatives badgered her to help her 'entire clan find peace,' she told me, and at work...more

Countries: Zimbabwe
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"'I have faced a lot of challenges because as a woman you have to be married when you turn into your 20s,' she said. 'Even growing up you will be told a woman must aspire for marriage, you must not aspire to be great' (para 21).

Countries: Japan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

“The Japanese government has begun to consult young people about their interest in marriage – or lack thereof – as Japan continues to struggle with a demographic crisis that is expected to result in a sharp population decline over the next decades” (para 1). “The government recognised that ideas about marriage among young people are different from what was once considered standard, an agency official said. The government has been seeking experts’ views and now wants those of single people” (para 3). “The agency cited the results of a survey of single people, aged 25 to 34, showing 43.3% of men and 48.1% of women said they had no opportunity...more

Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"China last year recorded its lowest number of marriages since public records became available, furthering a nearly decade-long decline in matrimony that has coincided with falling birth rates and triggered government concern of a demographic crisis" (para 1). "6.83 million couples married in 2022, according to data released by China’s Ministry of Civil Affairs on Friday. That’s down around 10.5% from the 7.63 million marriage registrations in 2021 and marks a record low since 1986" (para 2). "[There] has been a steady decline in people choosing to enter into marriages since a 2013 peak, when more than 13 million couples tied the knot – nearly double the 2022 nuptials" (para...more

Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2, BR-DATA-1

"China reported its first population drop in six decades amid record low birth and marriage rates" (para 5).

Countries: Gabon
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"The most common type of union is customary marriage" (26).

Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"Fewer young Chinese people are getting married" (pp 13).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"Lee Jin-song, who has written books about the trend of young people choosing not to get married or have a baby, said policies to boost the birth rate need to embrace more than just the traditional idea of marriage as being between a man and a woman" (para 22). "Lee pointed to a common joke that in South Korea, 'if you are not dating by the time you are 25, you’ll turn into a crane, meaning if you’re single you become non-human'" (para 24). "She said society considers her, and others like her, selfish for not conforming to the traditional expectations of marriage and children, 'neglecting their duties for society...more

Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"In the framework of the project ‘Say NO to Early Marriages’ in 2015–2016 to raise public awareness about consequences caused by early marriages and prevent early marriage cases, various events are organized with different segments of the society in the cities and remote villages. 2400 persons have taken part at those events" (34). Marriage is seen as important. Hence, they try to do it at very young ages (MV-coder comment).

Countries: Jordan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"It is no secret that national penal codes throughout Southwest Asian and North African (SWANA) countries include discriminatory laws against women in the areas of marriage, divorce, and child custody. Sharia law is used to justify these familial laws throughout the SWANA region, but modern interpretations of Sharia differ from what is actually written in the Quran" (Para.1).

Countries: South Africa
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"More than 800 couples walked down the aisle on Easter Sunday in one of the biggest mass wedding ceremonies in South Africa since the COVID-19 pandemic" (Para.1). "Its mass nuptials take place three times a year – at Easter, in December, and also during the celebrations in September of the church's founding in 1962" (Para.3). "Ditopa, 37, said her husband's second marriage was 'fulfilling what God has created for us, fulfilling the scripture that says women will be leaning towards one man' " (Para.6).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"A 2022 survey found that more women than men — 65 percent versus 48 percent — don’t want children. They’re doubling down by avoiding matrimony (and its conventional pressures) altogether. The other term in South Korea for birth strike is 'marriage strike.'" (para 2). "But women haven’t passively accepted the toxic masculinity. They’ve organized raucously, from Asia’s most successful #MeToo movement to groups like '4B,' which translates to the 'Four nos: no dating, no sex, no marriage and no child-rearing.' The country’s feminist movements have won the decriminalization of abortion and harsher penalties for an epidemic of spycam-porn crimes." (para 13).

Countries: Italy
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"It also emerges the decrease of marriages in parallel with the increase in divorce and separation cases, resulting in narrowing the household and the increase of single person households. This demographic and sociological description depends on many factors, including the economic crisis, the difficulty in finding a job, social exclusion" (12). "Along these lines, the NGO ACMID Donna established a toll free number for abused Muslim women and received 3,600 calls from November 2007 through May 2008. Approximately 56 percent of those cases involved violence or other mistreatment by husbands or relatives, including unwillingly being in a polygamous marriage, a situation affecting an estimated 14,000 women" (30).

Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"The marriage rate witnessed a relative increase as well, but the rate of separations was much higher than any other measured by CAPMAS. The marriage rate increased by 4.3 percent in December 2017, compared to the rate measured in December 2016" (para 11). An increase in the marriage rate indicates that marriage is not likely seen as outdated in society (JLR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Turkey
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2

"'We think that this is an important step as it will make civil ceremonies more accessible and faster. In Turkey, there are many people who live together without marriage or with a religious marriage [considered invalid under Turkish law]. This creates major problems socially and legally'" (para 12).