Latest items for MARR-LAW-1
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative. They can make decisions about people’s lives and liberties on the spot, say human rights activists, including forcing them to marry" (para 5). "Without any further investigation, the Taliban forced Samira to marry her employer, a man who already had a wife and two children. His eldest son is the same age as Samira. The marriage was officiated at the station that same day by the Taliban police, who have been given the authority to...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative. They can make decisions about people’s lives and liberties on the spot, say human rights activists, including forcing them to marry" (para 5). "Without any further investigation, the Taliban forced Samira to marry her employer, a man who already had a wife and two children. His eldest son is the same age as Samira. The marriage was officiated at the station that same day by the Taliban police, who have been given the authority to...more
Feb. 8, 2025, 12:26 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"In 2020, parliament debated a controversial bill to address gender-based violence but was forced to hold it back following local and international pressure over clauses that allowed for child and forced marriage and other violations of women’s rights" (par. 5).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"In 2020, parliament debated a controversial bill to address gender-based violence but was forced to hold it back following local and international pressure over clauses that allowed for child and forced marriage and other violations of women’s rights" (par. 5).
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:05 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Family Code has enshrined a set of rights to ensure the right to marriage and freedom of choice of a spouse for both women and men" (45). "[Act No. 103-13 of The Ministry of Family, Solidarity, Equality and Social Development] criminalizes certain acts as violence that harm women. That includes not allowing an expelled wife to return to the matrimonial home, forced marriage, violating the sanctity of a woman’s body, and bad-faith squandering of or failure to provide family finances, and so on" (48).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Family Code has enshrined a set of rights to ensure the right to marriage and freedom of choice of a spouse for both women and men" (45). "[Act No. 103-13 of The Ministry of Family, Solidarity, Equality and Social Development] criminalizes certain acts as violence that harm women. That includes not allowing an expelled wife to return to the matrimonial home, forced marriage, violating the sanctity of a woman’s body, and bad-faith squandering of or failure to provide family finances, and so on" (48).
Jan. 30, 2025, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"[T]hough article 9 requires a woman’s consent in marriage, 'the silence of a minor is [considered] her consent'" (1).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"[T]hough article 9 requires a woman’s consent in marriage, 'the silence of a minor is [considered] her consent'" (1).
Jan. 24, 2025, 8:43 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: MARR-LAW-1, AOM-LAW-1
"In 2020 a new sexual intercourse related crimes bill was proposed, which relaxed current age restrictions to allow for marriage at puberty and legalise forced marriage as long as there is family consent" (para 21).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1, AOM-LAW-1
"In 2020 a new sexual intercourse related crimes bill was proposed, which relaxed current age restrictions to allow for marriage at puberty and legalise forced marriage as long as there is family consent" (para 21).
Jan. 24, 2025, 7:30 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Article 9 of Iraq’s Personal Status Law criminalizes forced marriage: 'no relative or non-relative has the right to force marriage on any person, whether male or female, without their consent.' Where there has been a forced marriage, either a specialized 'personal status' court or the victim must refer the case to criminal justice authorities. Article 9 further establishes that '[t]he contract of a forced marriage is considered void if the marriage is not yet consummated.' However, the law does not automatically void forced marriages that have been consummated" (5). "Iraq’s Personal Status Law Article 9 does not define the types of actions that constitute marriage by 'force' (e.g. by threats...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Article 9 of Iraq’s Personal Status Law criminalizes forced marriage: 'no relative or non-relative has the right to force marriage on any person, whether male or female, without their consent.' Where there has been a forced marriage, either a specialized 'personal status' court or the victim must refer the case to criminal justice authorities. Article 9 further establishes that '[t]he contract of a forced marriage is considered void if the marriage is not yet consummated.' However, the law does not automatically void forced marriages that have been consummated" (5). "Iraq’s Personal Status Law Article 9 does not define the types of actions that constitute marriage by 'force' (e.g. by threats...more
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:59 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1, MARR-LAW-1
"Article 544 of the Italian criminal code recognized a kind of marriage, the matrimonio riparatore, that would forgive the man for his crime and restore to the 'damaged' victim her honor and that of her family. Should she refuse to marry her abductor, the young woman would be further victimized as an unmarriagable outcast somehow to blame for her unfortunate circumstances" (para 6).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1, MARR-LAW-1
"Article 544 of the Italian criminal code recognized a kind of marriage, the matrimonio riparatore, that would forgive the man for his crime and restore to the 'damaged' victim her honor and that of her family. Should she refuse to marry her abductor, the young woman would be further victimized as an unmarriagable outcast somehow to blame for her unfortunate circumstances" (para 6).
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:15 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The rights experts - who report to the Human Rights Council – cited reports suggesting the involvement of religious authorities and the complicity of security forces and the justice system; although they also acknowledged that Pakistan had already made efforts to pass legislation prohibiting such illegal practices" (para 3). This indicates that there are either laws or attempts at laws to prevent this, but they are not successful (MB2-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The rights experts - who report to the Human Rights Council – cited reports suggesting the involvement of religious authorities and the complicity of security forces and the justice system; although they also acknowledged that Pakistan had already made efforts to pass legislation prohibiting such illegal practices" (para 3). This indicates that there are either laws or attempts at laws to prevent this, but they are not successful (MB2-CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:09 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"[C]riminal prosecution for crimes involving gender-based violence (bride kidnapping, forced marriage, etc.) lies within the competence of the internal affairs agencies. However, the Office of the Procurator supervises the activities of those agencies in implementing legislation in this area" (4). "Kyrgyzstan has taken further measures to strengthen the legal framework for combating bride kidnapping and early marriage. For example, in addition to the amendments introduced in 2013 to articles of the Criminal Code, in particular article 154 on arranging a coerced de facto marriage relationship with a person who is under the age of 17 and article 155 on forcing a woman to marry, kidnapping a woman for the purpose...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"[C]riminal prosecution for crimes involving gender-based violence (bride kidnapping, forced marriage, etc.) lies within the competence of the internal affairs agencies. However, the Office of the Procurator supervises the activities of those agencies in implementing legislation in this area" (4). "Kyrgyzstan has taken further measures to strengthen the legal framework for combating bride kidnapping and early marriage. For example, in addition to the amendments introduced in 2013 to articles of the Criminal Code, in particular article 154 on arranging a coerced de facto marriage relationship with a person who is under the age of 17 and article 155 on forcing a woman to marry, kidnapping a woman for the purpose...more
Jan. 9, 2025, 10:25 a.m.
Countries: Niger
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Three out of four girls in Niger marry before their 18th birthday, the highest rate of child marriage in the world" (para 5). As child marriage is marriage without consent, that means three-fourths of girls in Niger are married against their will (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "'I came back from school one day and my parents told me a rich man had come from the village to marry me,' she says. 'I said I wanted to stay in school, but my parents refused.' The marriage took place one week later, without her knowledge. The next day she was sent to live with her husband’s family, who put her to work doing domestic...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Three out of four girls in Niger marry before their 18th birthday, the highest rate of child marriage in the world" (para 5). As child marriage is marriage without consent, that means three-fourths of girls in Niger are married against their will (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "'I came back from school one day and my parents told me a rich man had come from the village to marry me,' she says. 'I said I wanted to stay in school, but my parents refused.' The marriage took place one week later, without her knowledge. The next day she was sent to live with her husband’s family, who put her to work doing domestic...more
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:34 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Forced marriage has been illegal in Australia since 2013" (para 4). "If found guilty the men face a maximum penalty of nine years in jail" (para 7). "Forced marriage can apply to legally recognised marriage, cultural or religious ceremonies that occur in Australia or where a person is taken overseas to be married" (para 12).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Forced marriage has been illegal in Australia since 2013" (para 4). "If found guilty the men face a maximum penalty of nine years in jail" (para 7). "Forced marriage can apply to legally recognised marriage, cultural or religious ceremonies that occur in Australia or where a person is taken overseas to be married" (para 12).
Dec. 13, 2024, 3:51 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The outdated and illegal custom, known as ghag – a Pashto word meaning proclamation… allows another man to forcibly claim a woman as his intended wife" (para 2). "The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa parliament banned ghag forced marriages in 2013, making it an offence punishable by up to seven years’ imprisonment or a hefty fine" (para 9).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The outdated and illegal custom, known as ghag – a Pashto word meaning proclamation… allows another man to forcibly claim a woman as his intended wife" (para 2). "The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa parliament banned ghag forced marriages in 2013, making it an offence punishable by up to seven years’ imprisonment or a hefty fine" (para 9).
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Committee welcomes the…amendment to expand the prohibition of forced marriage to include extrajudicial forced marriage, in 2021 [and the] amendment to expand the duty to avert a criminal offence, which is subject to penalties, to encompass forced marriage" (2).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Committee welcomes the…amendment to expand the prohibition of forced marriage to include extrajudicial forced marriage, in 2021 [and the] amendment to expand the duty to avert a criminal offence, which is subject to penalties, to encompass forced marriage" (2).
Nov. 16, 2024, 4:26 p.m.
Countries: Malta
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"There are issues when it comes to prosecuting these [child marriages] cases, saying it is only illegal if the marriage is registered, and so proving the case in a court of law can be difficult" (para 6).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"There are issues when it comes to prosecuting these [child marriages] cases, saying it is only illegal if the marriage is registered, and so proving the case in a court of law can be difficult" (para 6).
Nov. 16, 2024, 2:54 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The draft law aims to criminalise underage marriages due to children’s lack of health and mental ability to bear the consequences of marriage" (para 1). Seeing as child marriages are forced marriages by definition, and they are not yet criminalised, it seems that forced marriages are legal (MB-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The draft law aims to criminalise underage marriages due to children’s lack of health and mental ability to bear the consequences of marriage" (para 1). Seeing as child marriages are forced marriages by definition, and they are not yet criminalised, it seems that forced marriages are legal (MB-CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved...in particular the adoption of the following…[c]riminalizing forced marriages and marriages of convenience, to combat trafficking, in 2013" (1, 2).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved...in particular the adoption of the following…[c]riminalizing forced marriages and marriages of convenience, to combat trafficking, in 2013" (1, 2).
Oct. 16, 2024, 3:02 p.m.
Countries: Malta
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"There are issues when it comes to prosecuting these [child marriages] cases, saying it is only illegal if the marriage is registered, and so proving the case in a court of law can be difficult" (para 6).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"There are issues when it comes to prosecuting these [child marriages] cases, saying it is only illegal if the marriage is registered, and so proving the case in a court of law can be difficult" (para 6).
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The new [Trafficking in Persons Prohibition] Act criminalizes...forced marriage of both adult and child victims" (3).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The new [Trafficking in Persons Prohibition] Act criminalizes...forced marriage of both adult and child victims" (3).
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:43 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Saudi women still need permission from a male guardian to marry. True, it forbids guardians to force their charges to marry against their will. But the paternalistic role of the male guardian is fully encoded in the law — with control over women passing among fathers, husbands, uncles, brothers and even sons in a prescribed order of importance — and since a marriage agreement involves the 'offer of the guardian and the acceptance of the husband,' a guardian could likely prevent a woman from marrying according to her desire" (para 14).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Saudi women still need permission from a male guardian to marry. True, it forbids guardians to force their charges to marry against their will. But the paternalistic role of the male guardian is fully encoded in the law — with control over women passing among fathers, husbands, uncles, brothers and even sons in a prescribed order of importance — and since a marriage agreement involves the 'offer of the guardian and the acceptance of the husband,' a guardian could likely prevent a woman from marrying according to her desire" (para 14).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"To guarantee equality between men and women, the Constitution of Senegal reaffirms the principle of prohibiting all forms of discrimination, in particular genderbased discrimination...It prohibits the forced marriage of young girls and women..." (3).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"To guarantee equality between men and women, the Constitution of Senegal reaffirms the principle of prohibiting all forms of discrimination, in particular genderbased discrimination...It prohibits the forced marriage of young girls and women..." (3).
July 30, 2023, 5:25 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Saudi women still need permission from a male guardian to marry. True, it forbids guardians to force their charges to marry against their will. But the paternalistic role of the male guardian is fully encoded in the law — with control over women passing among fathers, husbands, uncles, brothers and even sons in a prescribed order of importance — and since a marriage agreement involves the “offer of the guardian and the acceptance of the husband,” a guardian could likely prevent a woman from marrying according to her desire." (Parag. 13)
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Saudi women still need permission from a male guardian to marry. True, it forbids guardians to force their charges to marry against their will. But the paternalistic role of the male guardian is fully encoded in the law — with control over women passing among fathers, husbands, uncles, brothers and even sons in a prescribed order of importance — and since a marriage agreement involves the “offer of the guardian and the acceptance of the husband,” a guardian could likely prevent a woman from marrying according to her desire." (Parag. 13)
July 12, 2023, 10:28 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Saudi women still need permission from a male guardian to marry. True, it forbids guardians to force their charges to marry against their will. But the paternalistic role of the male guardian is fully encoded in the law — with control over women passing among fathers, husbands, uncles, brothers and even sons in a prescribed order of importance — and since a marriage agreement involves the “offer of the guardian and the acceptance of the husband,” a guardian could likely prevent a woman from marrying according to her desire." (Parag. 13)
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Saudi women still need permission from a male guardian to marry. True, it forbids guardians to force their charges to marry against their will. But the paternalistic role of the male guardian is fully encoded in the law — with control over women passing among fathers, husbands, uncles, brothers and even sons in a prescribed order of importance — and since a marriage agreement involves the “offer of the guardian and the acceptance of the husband,” a guardian could likely prevent a woman from marrying according to her desire." (Parag. 13)
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Marriage is defined as the voluntary union of a man and a woman. Article 34 of the Constitution of the Republic of Maldives states that every person of the marriageable age as determined by law has the right to marry and to establish a family as specified in law. It further states that the family being the natural and fundamental unit of society, the family is entitled to protection by the society and the state. Family Act of Maldives which was enacted in 2000, 8 years before the Constitution came into force, in its Section 8 (a) states that a Maldivian woman may not marry a non-Muslim man and where...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Marriage is defined as the voluntary union of a man and a woman. Article 34 of the Constitution of the Republic of Maldives states that every person of the marriageable age as determined by law has the right to marry and to establish a family as specified in law. It further states that the family being the natural and fundamental unit of society, the family is entitled to protection by the society and the state. Family Act of Maldives which was enacted in 2000, 8 years before the Constitution came into force, in its Section 8 (a) states that a Maldivian woman may not marry a non-Muslim man and where...more
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The law forbids legal guardians from forcing minors under their care to marry against the minor’s will" (30).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The law forbids legal guardians from forcing minors under their care to marry against the minor’s will" (30).
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Family Code (Act No. 870) of 2014 regulates and protects the human rights of all families." (4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The Family Code ensures that men and women are equal in their marriage and that marriage should be based off of voluntary union). "Under article 72, marriage and stable de facto union are defined as a voluntary agreement between the parties that may be dissolved by mutual consent or by the will of one of the parties." (32). "In Nicaragua, persons under 16 years of age may not marry or enter into a stable de facto union. Similarly, under the Human Trafficking Prevention Act (No. 896), a series...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Family Code (Act No. 870) of 2014 regulates and protects the human rights of all families." (4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The Family Code ensures that men and women are equal in their marriage and that marriage should be based off of voluntary union). "Under article 72, marriage and stable de facto union are defined as a voluntary agreement between the parties that may be dissolved by mutual consent or by the will of one of the parties." (32). "In Nicaragua, persons under 16 years of age may not marry or enter into a stable de facto union. Similarly, under the Human Trafficking Prevention Act (No. 896), a series...more
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"A significant contribution to the development of gender legislation adopted in Uzbekistan was made in 2019 by, inter alia:…[T]he Act amending and supplementing article 15 of the Family Code of 28 August 2019…"(4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - This legislation asserts that marriage is a voluntary act and forced marriage is prohibited under this act). "Under the Family Code, family relations are regulated on the basis of the principle of the voluntary nature of the marital union of a man and a woman, the equality of the spouses’ individual and property rights, the settlement of family issues by mutual consent, the priority of raising children within the family and of children’s...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"A significant contribution to the development of gender legislation adopted in Uzbekistan was made in 2019 by, inter alia:…[T]he Act amending and supplementing article 15 of the Family Code of 28 August 2019…"(4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - This legislation asserts that marriage is a voluntary act and forced marriage is prohibited under this act). "Under the Family Code, family relations are regulated on the basis of the principle of the voluntary nature of the marital union of a man and a woman, the equality of the spouses’ individual and property rights, the settlement of family issues by mutual consent, the priority of raising children within the family and of children’s...more
March 31, 2023, 2:31 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Act No. 64 of 2010, of temporary, seasonal and contractual marriages, particularly in rural and remote areas and among women living in poverty,are forms of trafficking and sexual exploitation of women" (8).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Act No. 64 of 2010, of temporary, seasonal and contractual marriages, particularly in rural and remote areas and among women living in poverty,are forms of trafficking and sexual exploitation of women" (8).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Law Amending to the Criminal Code of Montenegro (“Official Gazette of Montenegro” No. 44/2017) introduced a new form of committing the criminal offense of concluding a void marriage (regulated by Article 214), in the case when a person is incited or taken abroad in intent to enter into marriage by force or threat" (9). "A new form of committing the criminal offense of concluding a void marriage has also been introduced..., in the case when a person is incited or taken abroad with the intention of entering a marriage by force or threat" (11).
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Law Amending to the Criminal Code of Montenegro (“Official Gazette of Montenegro” No. 44/2017) introduced a new form of committing the criminal offense of concluding a void marriage (regulated by Article 214), in the case when a person is incited or taken abroad in intent to enter into marriage by force or threat" (9). "A new form of committing the criminal offense of concluding a void marriage has also been introduced..., in the case when a person is incited or taken abroad with the intention of entering a marriage by force or threat" (11).
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Constitution and legislations guarantee women’s right to equality and non-discrimination in marriage and family relations. The chapter on marriage of General Code, 1963, fully recognizes and protects the right of every person to establish matrimonial relationship with a person of own choice. Early and child marriage, forced marriage and marriage caused by fraud are prohibited by the General Code. Any persons involved to execute such marriage are liable to face penalty including imprisonment." (22). "The Constitution guarantees rights against exploitation and discrimination from all harmful traditional practices that discriminate women. No laws and policies of Nepal recognize and protect such harmful practices. State agencies and even the private persons...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Constitution and legislations guarantee women’s right to equality and non-discrimination in marriage and family relations. The chapter on marriage of General Code, 1963, fully recognizes and protects the right of every person to establish matrimonial relationship with a person of own choice. Early and child marriage, forced marriage and marriage caused by fraud are prohibited by the General Code. Any persons involved to execute such marriage are liable to face penalty including imprisonment." (22). "The Constitution guarantees rights against exploitation and discrimination from all harmful traditional practices that discriminate women. No laws and policies of Nepal recognize and protect such harmful practices. State agencies and even the private persons...more
Feb. 18, 2023, 10:28 a.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Women who refuse marriage proposals in northern Chad will have to pay a fine of up to £30 under a new ruling" (Para.1). "The Higher Islamic Council in the eastern town of Mangalmé has decreed that men must pay £12 and women up to £30 for refusing to marry. Local authorities said the fine, known as 'amchilini', is based on the Quran and follows Sharia law" (Para.2). "The ruling was met with fierce criticism from human rights groups which say it violates a national law that guarantees freedom of marriage. The Chadian Women’s Rights League launched the hashtag #StopAmchilini to pressure national authorities to repeal the law. 'If we have...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Women who refuse marriage proposals in northern Chad will have to pay a fine of up to £30 under a new ruling" (Para.1). "The Higher Islamic Council in the eastern town of Mangalmé has decreed that men must pay £12 and women up to £30 for refusing to marry. Local authorities said the fine, known as 'amchilini', is based on the Quran and follows Sharia law" (Para.2). "The ruling was met with fierce criticism from human rights groups which say it violates a national law that guarantees freedom of marriage. The Chadian Women’s Rights League launched the hashtag #StopAmchilini to pressure national authorities to repeal the law. 'If we have...more