The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
women in the world.

Latest items for LRW-LAW-2

Oct. 16, 2026, 11:09 p.m.
Countries: Cuba
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2

“The penal code criminalized rape of women and men, including spousal rape, as well as domestic or intimate partner rape and other forms of domestic and sexual violence, including so-called corrective rape of LGBTQI+ persons. It separately criminalized abuses against both genders. The penalty for rape stipulated at least seven years’ imprisonment…The government generally enforced the law effectively regarding rape. Several reports from women’s rights advocacy groups, however, suggested that crimes against women were underreported and that the state failed to investigate many cases” (38).
Oct. 16, 2026, 11:06 p.m.
Countries: Croatia
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2

“The law criminalized rape of a person, regardless of gender, including spousal rape and domestic violence. The law was enforced in most cases. Sentences ranged from fines to jail, depending on the crime’s severity. Rape, including spousal rape, was punishable by a maximum of 15 years’ imprisonment. Domestic violence was punishable by up to three years’ imprisonment. The law provided for stricter penalties for violence against closely related family members and violence against women. Sexual intercourse without consent was classified as rape and was punishable by three to 10 years’ imprisonment. The law provided sanctions (fines and up to 90 days’ imprisonment) for misdemeanor domestic violence” (20-21).more
Oct. 16, 2026, 11:05 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRW-DATA-1, LRCM-LAW-2, DV-LAW-1

“The law prohibited rape of men and women and provided for prison terms of five to 20 years for perpetrators. The law provided for a rebuttable presumption of consent in marital rape cases. The court could impose a life sentence in cases of gang rape if the rapists were related to or held positions of authority over the survivor, or if the survivor was younger than 18. The law did not specifically address domestic violence and intimate partner violence or mandate special penalties for these acts. Authorities did not consistently enforce these laws effectively. Human rights organizations reported family members and community leaders often informally mediated rape accusations without survivor...more
Oct. 16, 2026, 11:01 p.m.
Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2

“The law criminalized rape of men or women, including spousal and domestic or intimate partner rape and other forms of domestic and sexual violence, as well asso-called corrective rape of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or intersex (LGBTQI+) persons. The law provided penalties from 10 to 18 years in prison for conviction of rape. The government generally enforced the law effectively. Observers noted corrective rape cases frequently were not reported” (15).
Oct. 16, 2026, 10:57 p.m.
Countries: Congo
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2

“The law prohibited rape, including spousal rape, and prescribed sentences of between 10 and 20 years in prison and monetary fines based on the severity of the crime. The law was written to cover only women; in the country’s legal vernacular, “rape” was used exclusively in cases involving women survivors, while “indecent assault” was used in cases of rape of men. Authorities made efforts to enforce the law, but judgments often took years to be rendered and penalties applied. NGOs and women’s advocacy groups reported rape, especially spousal rape, was common. Judicial sector personnel reported no prosecutions for spousal rape due to the need for courts to institutionalize the law,...more
Oct. 15, 2026, 10:30 p.m.
Countries: Comoros
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2

“Rape regardless of age or gender was illegal and punishable by five to 10 years’ imprisonment or up to 15 years if the survivor was younger than age 15. The law did not specifically address spousal rape but being married to a survivor did not exonerate the perpetrator. Authorities prosecuted perpetrators if survivors filed charges; otherwise, authorities rarely enforced the law. There were reports families or village elders settled many allegations of sexual violence informally through traditional means and without recourse to the formal court system” (14-15).
Oct. 15, 2026, 10:27 p.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2

“The law prohibited rape of women or men, including spousal rape. Rape by a spouse or a current or former cohabitant or co-parent was an aggravated offense that was treated under the law as a violent sexual assault. There were no laws specifically on ‘corrective rape.’ The law provided for sentences ranging from eight to 30 years’ imprisonment for violent sexual assault. For acts of spousal sexual violence, the law mandated prison sentences of six months to two years” (30).
Oct. 15, 2026, 10:24 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, DV-PRACTICE-1

“Rape of women was illegal and carried a sentence ranging from three years in prison to death. The law did not recognize spousal rape or rape by a person of the same sex. A separate law on sexual assault included male victims but had a lesser maximum penalty of five years in prison. Most allegations of rape were closed through private settlement rather than prosecution…The government did not effectively enforce laws against rape and domestic violence” (63-64).
Oct. 15, 2026, 10:16 p.m.
Countries: Chile
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2

“The law criminalized rape of women or men, including spousal and domestic or intimate partner rape. Penalties for conviction of rape ranged from five to 15 years’ imprisonment” (11).
Oct. 15, 2026, 10:05 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2

“The law criminalized all forms of physical and sexual violence, as well as sexual exploitation. The law prohibited rape of all persons regardless of gender, although it did not specifically prohibit spousal rape. Rape was punishable by imprisonment with hard labor, but the law did not specify a minimum sentence. The government did not enforce the law effectively” (30-31).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DV-LAW-1

“Article 535 of the Penal Code criminalises domestic violence, and Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based Violence defines as‘all acts of physical,sexual, psychological or economical violence that occur within the family or within the family home’. Article 23 also provides that it is a crime to amicably settle domestic violence cases. Article 555 of the Penal Code criminalises marital rape. However, the sentence for the same is minimal since it is less than 30 days imprisonment or a fine” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:59 p.m.
Countries: Malawi
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

“While countriessuch as Mozambique expressly prohibit marital rape, there is a gap when it comes to criminalisation of marital rape in countries such as Algeria, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania and The Gambia, which leads to violations of women’s equality, dignity, and bodily autonomy” (13).
July 22, 2026, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Mexico
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2

“‘The crime committed yesterday against the president of Mexico not only violated her safety, integrity, and dignity, it is called sexual abuse and must be considered a serious crime throughout the country,’ said Laura Itzel Castillo, another Morena senator. ‘In the coming days, we will meet with the equality commissions across the country to review our legislative agendas and make significant progress in the prevention, response to, and punishment of all forms of violence against women’” (para 19-20).
July 13, 2026, 7:06 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DV-LAW-2

"In many ways, the case of Marius Borg Høiby, who was sentenced to four years in prison last week after being found guilty of offences including domestic violence and two counts of rape, was exceptional" (para 1).
June 27, 2026, 11:07 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2, LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2, DTCP-PRACTICE-1

"Rape of women and men was illegal but remained a significant problem, as the regime did not enforce the law effectively and reports emerged of sexual abuse of women in prisons by security guards. Rape of a woman outside of marriage carried a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison. Spousal rape was not a crime unless the wife was younger than the legal age of marriage (which could vary according to ethnicity or religion), the penalty for which was a maximum of two years in prison" (41-42).
June 26, 2026, 6:40 p.m.
Countries: Brazil
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2

"Law 12.015 of 2009 defines rape as 'forcing a person, through violence or serious threat, to have sexual intercourse, perform a sexual act, or allow a sexual act to be performed on them,' punishable by up to 10 years in prison" (para 2).
June 25, 2026, 3:55 p.m.
Countries: Burkina Faso
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2

"According to the penal code, rape of any person was punishable by a prison sentence of seven to 20 years, or 10 to 21 years in case of aggravated circumstances such as causing mutilation or handicap, and a substantial monetary fine when committed against a person age 13 or older. The penalty was 11 to 30 years in prison and higher monetary fines when the survivor was younger than 13. The government generally enforced the law" (32-33).
May 23, 2026, 2:54 p.m.
Countries: Belarus
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2

"The law criminalized rape of a person, regardless of gender but did not include separate provisions on marital rape. The penalty for rape with aggravating factors was three to 15 years’ imprisonment" (80).
April 28, 2026, 9:57 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"The UK government has revealed plans to chemically castrate paedophiles and sex criminals in Britain" (Para 1). "There is already a growing body of evidence that treatment with anti-androgens or SSRIs can significantly reduce re-offending rates" (Para 39).
March 25, 2026, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"Rape of men and women, including spousal rape, is a crime. The penalties range from six months’ to 20 years’ imprisonment, depending on the ages of the perpetrator and victim, their relationship, and the use of violence, among other factors"
March 13, 2026, 1:28 p.m.
Countries: Poland
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"“If the raped Liza had survived, the perpetrator would probably have escaped punishment for rape because she didn’t scream – that’s why we want to change the definition [of rape],” says lawyer Danuta Wawrowska, the author of a draft bill, sponsored by New Left, currently wending its way through parliament that would amend the definition to one that interprets rape as sex without consent. There have been attempts already in the past to change this. In 2016, a high-profile trial against a 26-year-old uncle charged with raping his 14-year-old niece began. The now 22-year-old niece and her lawyers argued that the man should be tried for rape, while the prosecutor’s...more
Feb. 22, 2026, 12:46 p.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"Rape of men or women, including spousal rape or intimate partner rape and other forms of domestic and sexual violence, was a crime... The penalties ranged from six months’ to 20 years’ imprisonment, depending on the ages of the perpetrator and survivor, their relationship, the use of violence, and other factors" (17).
Feb. 6, 2026, 12:01 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2

"The legislation [Child Marriage Restraint Bill], set to be signed into effect by President Asif Ali Zardari, will see adults found to be cohabiting with minors punished by up to seven years in prison and a fine of one million rupees (£2,663) on charges of statutory rape" (para 3).
Dec. 19, 2025, 1:37 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"The Home Secretary pledged to strip foreign sex offenders of refugee protections and make their deportations easier under sweeping reforms to human rights laws" (2).
Oct. 25, 2025, 6:56 p.m.
Countries: Madagascar
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, LRW-DATA-1

"A court in Madagascar has sentenced a man to surgical castration for the rape of a child in 2024, a judicial official said, in the first such measure on the Indian Ocean island. The case arose from the rape and attempted murder of a six-year-old girl in Imerintsiatosika, a municipality 30 km west of the capital Antananarivo, Didier Razafindralambo, the attorney general at the Court of Appeal, said on Thursday" (para 1-2).
Oct. 25, 2025, 6:14 p.m.
Countries: South Africa
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"[Nobuntu Hlazo-Webster, deputy leader of the political party Build One SA] also called for the government to publish the sex offender register so that people convicted of these crimes may be known so that women and children can be protected from them" (para 10).
Oct. 17, 2025, 5:09 p.m.
Countries: Madagascar
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

""A court in Madagascar has sentenced a man to surgical castration for the rape of a child in 2024, a judicial official said, in the first such measure on the Indian Ocean island. The case arose from the rape and attempted murder of a six-year-old girl in Imerintsiatosika, a municipality 30 km west of the capital Antananarivo, Didier Razafindralambo, the attorney general at the Court of Appeal, said on Thursday. 'The person prosecuted in this case was sentenced by the Court to life imprisonment with hard labour, accompanied by castration,' he said in a video statement released to media by the ministry of justice. The punishment was introduced last year...more
Oct. 17, 2025, 5:09 p.m.
Countries: Czech Republic, Germany
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"Surgical castration has been carried out on some sex offenders in the Czech Republic and Germany with the consent of the defendant" (para. 7).
Oct. 17, 2025, 5:09 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"Louisiana last year became the first U.S. state to mandate the procedure [chemical castration] for some sex crimes against minors" (para. 8).
Oct. 17, 2025, 5:08 p.m.
Countries: Madagascar
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"A court in Madagascar has sentenced a man to surgical castration for the rape of a child in 2024, a judicial official said, in the first such measure on the Indian Ocean island. The case arose from the rape and attempted murder of a six-year-old girl in Imerintsiatosika, a municipality 30 km west of the capital Antananarivo, Didier Razafindralambo, the attorney general at the Court of Appeal, said on Thursday. 'The person prosecuted in this case was sentenced by the Court to life imprisonment with hard labour, accompanied by castration,' he said in a video statement released to media by the ministry of justice. The punishment was introduced last year...more