Latest items for LRW-LAW-1
Jan. 24, 2026, 3:47 p.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape of men and women, including spousal rape, is a crime. The penalties range from six months’ to 20 years’ imprisonment, depending on the ages of the perpetrator and victim, their relationship, the use of violence, and other factors. Most perpetrators received penalties between six and15 years’ imprisonment" (15).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape of men and women, including spousal rape, is a crime. The penalties range from six months’ to 20 years’ imprisonment, depending on the ages of the perpetrator and victim, their relationship, the use of violence, and other factors. Most perpetrators received penalties between six and15 years’ imprisonment" (15).
Jan. 24, 2026, 3:32 p.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"For Argentinean law, sexual abuse consists of 'making bodily contact of sexual significance between one’s own body and that of another person, or by means of an instrument, without the consent of the passive subject'. In order to constitute the crime of sexual abuse, there must be violence, threat, coercion or intimidation in a relationship of dependence, authority or power, or take advantage of the fact that the victim, for whatever reason, has not been able to freely consent to the action" (para 38).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"For Argentinean law, sexual abuse consists of 'making bodily contact of sexual significance between one’s own body and that of another person, or by means of an instrument, without the consent of the passive subject'. In order to constitute the crime of sexual abuse, there must be violence, threat, coercion or intimidation in a relationship of dependence, authority or power, or take advantage of the fact that the victim, for whatever reason, has not been able to freely consent to the action" (para 38).
Jan. 24, 2026, 3:21 p.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape of men and women, including spousal rape, is a crime. The penalties range from six months’ to 20 years’ imprisonment, depending on the ages of the perpetrator and victim, their relationship, and the use of violence, among other factors. Most perpetrators received penalties between six and 15 years’ imprisonment" (16-17).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape of men and women, including spousal rape, is a crime. The penalties range from six months’ to 20 years’ imprisonment, depending on the ages of the perpetrator and victim, their relationship, and the use of violence, among other factors. Most perpetrators received penalties between six and 15 years’ imprisonment" (16-17).
Jan. 24, 2026, 3:01 p.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"This position was expressed during the debate on the proposal to amend the Penal Code, which establishes a criminal framework of 3 to 12 years in prison for crimes of sexual rape... During the discussions, the deputies also proposed changing the wording of the article related to the criminal framework regarding sexual abuse, which states that 'anyone who, being an adult, performs a sexual act with a minor, for payment or other consideration, is punished with a prison sentence from 6 months to 3 years', when this should be from 3 to 12 years" (para 1-3).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"This position was expressed during the debate on the proposal to amend the Penal Code, which establishes a criminal framework of 3 to 12 years in prison for crimes of sexual rape... During the discussions, the deputies also proposed changing the wording of the article related to the criminal framework regarding sexual abuse, which states that 'anyone who, being an adult, performs a sexual act with a minor, for payment or other consideration, is punished with a prison sentence from 6 months to 3 years', when this should be from 3 to 12 years" (para 1-3).
Jan. 24, 2026, 9:46 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The law distinguishes the crimes of 'sexual aggression' and 'sexual aggression with penetration.' A person commits the crime of sexual aggression (article 182) if (i) he or she practices a sexual act by means of coercion, violence, or threat against someone, including a spouse, or (ii) he or she enables another person to commit such act against a third person and the sentence ranges from six months to four years of imprisonment. However, article 183 states that if the coerced sexual act involves penetration, the crime committed is 'sexual aggression with penetration,' which entails a higher sentence of up to 10 years in prison. Penetration is defined as “copulation, anal...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The law distinguishes the crimes of 'sexual aggression' and 'sexual aggression with penetration.' A person commits the crime of sexual aggression (article 182) if (i) he or she practices a sexual act by means of coercion, violence, or threat against someone, including a spouse, or (ii) he or she enables another person to commit such act against a third person and the sentence ranges from six months to four years of imprisonment. However, article 183 states that if the coerced sexual act involves penetration, the crime committed is 'sexual aggression with penetration,' which entails a higher sentence of up to 10 years in prison. Penetration is defined as “copulation, anal...more
Jan. 24, 2026, 9:07 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape, including spousal rape and intimate partner rape, was illegal and punishable by up to 12 years’ imprisonment if convicted, depending on aggravating situations" (para 73).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape, including spousal rape and intimate partner rape, was illegal and punishable by up to 12 years’ imprisonment if convicted, depending on aggravating situations" (para 73).
Jan. 18, 2026, 9:51 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The law criminalized rape but did not explicitly address spousal rape. Prison sentences for rape ranged from five to 10 years and, although rape was rarely reported due to cultural norms, authorities generally enforced the law. The penal code allowed an adult accused of 'corruption of a minor' to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently married their victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. The law stipulated sentences of one year to life imprisonment for “anyone who voluntarily causes injury or blows to their spouse.' It also provided penalties for verbal and psychological violence, sexual assault, harassment, and indecent assault" (para 110).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The law criminalized rape but did not explicitly address spousal rape. Prison sentences for rape ranged from five to 10 years and, although rape was rarely reported due to cultural norms, authorities generally enforced the law. The penal code allowed an adult accused of 'corruption of a minor' to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently married their victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. The law stipulated sentences of one year to life imprisonment for “anyone who voluntarily causes injury or blows to their spouse.' It also provided penalties for verbal and psychological violence, sexual assault, harassment, and indecent assault" (para 110).
Jan. 18, 2026, 8:35 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Sexual offences are covered by the Penal Code (article 100 to 108), and are subject to penal sanctions according to the perceived gravity of the crime and the youth of the victim. Consensual sexual intercourse with a minor girl who has not reached 13 years of age or has not reached sexual maturity is sentenced between 5 and 15 years of imprisonment (statutory rape). If intercourse is not consensual the sentence ranges from 10 to 20 years imprisonment. If the act results in the death or suicide of the victim, the penalty is no less than 20 years. Nonconsensual sexual intercourse with a minor girl (14 to 18 years of...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Sexual offences are covered by the Penal Code (article 100 to 108), and are subject to penal sanctions according to the perceived gravity of the crime and the youth of the victim. Consensual sexual intercourse with a minor girl who has not reached 13 years of age or has not reached sexual maturity is sentenced between 5 and 15 years of imprisonment (statutory rape). If intercourse is not consensual the sentence ranges from 10 to 20 years imprisonment. If the act results in the death or suicide of the victim, the penalty is no less than 20 years. Nonconsensual sexual intercourse with a minor girl (14 to 18 years of...more
Jan. 18, 2026, 8:03 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape, including spousal rape, is a crime; the law also includes provisions on sexual assault. Penalties for rape and sexual assault depend on the age of the victim. For rape of an adult, the penalty is three to 10 years in prison. The government did not enforce the law effectively. Authorities did not disaggregate data on prosecutions for spousal rape. The concept of spousal rape was not well understood, and authorities often did not consider it a crime" (para 92).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape, including spousal rape, is a crime; the law also includes provisions on sexual assault. Penalties for rape and sexual assault depend on the age of the victim. For rape of an adult, the penalty is three to 10 years in prison. The government did not enforce the law effectively. Authorities did not disaggregate data on prosecutions for spousal rape. The concept of spousal rape was not well understood, and authorities often did not consider it a crime" (para 92).
Jan. 18, 2026, 7:51 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"[A]ccording to the Albanian Criminal Code, a sexual act with adults is considered rape only if the condition of use of threat or physical violence by one party is met. The absence of consent is a prerequisite only for rape between spouses or cohabitants. The use of coercion is also the main element of sexual violence against minors 14 to 18 years old (Article 101) and in same-sex relations (Article 102/1). In all these cases, the burden of proof rests upon the victim, who must be able to prove the use of violence against them as well as their resistance" (2).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"[A]ccording to the Albanian Criminal Code, a sexual act with adults is considered rape only if the condition of use of threat or physical violence by one party is met. The absence of consent is a prerequisite only for rape between spouses or cohabitants. The use of coercion is also the main element of sexual violence against minors 14 to 18 years old (Article 101) and in same-sex relations (Article 102/1). In all these cases, the burden of proof rests upon the victim, who must be able to prove the use of violence against them as well as their resistance" (2).
Jan. 18, 2026, 7:37 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Richard Bennett said in a report to the U.N. General Assembly circulated Wednesday that after seizing power in 2021 the Taliban suspended the 2004 constitution and laws protecting the rights of women and girls. These include a landmark law that criminalized 22 forms of violence against women, including rape and child and forced marriage" (para 2).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Richard Bennett said in a report to the U.N. General Assembly circulated Wednesday that after seizing power in 2021 the Taliban suspended the 2004 constitution and laws protecting the rights of women and girls. These include a landmark law that criminalized 22 forms of violence against women, including rape and child and forced marriage" (para 2).
Jan. 18, 2026, 6:13 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Under the previous Afghan government (pre-2021), the 2009 Elimination of Violence Against Women (EVAW) Law criminalized forced marriage, rape, and other forms of gender-based violence. The law recognized lack of consent as a core element of sexual violence. However, enforcement was weak due to cultural taboos and judicial bias against women. Post-2021, the Taliban do not recognize women’s individual consent in legal, marital, and sexual contexts. Instead, male guardianship dictates women’s decisions, effectively erasing consent as a legal concept" (para 8-9).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Under the previous Afghan government (pre-2021), the 2009 Elimination of Violence Against Women (EVAW) Law criminalized forced marriage, rape, and other forms of gender-based violence. The law recognized lack of consent as a core element of sexual violence. However, enforcement was weak due to cultural taboos and judicial bias against women. Post-2021, the Taliban do not recognize women’s individual consent in legal, marital, and sexual contexts. Instead, male guardianship dictates women’s decisions, effectively erasing consent as a legal concept" (para 8-9).
Jan. 9, 2026, 12:50 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"'Child marriage is a workaround for statuatory rape and trafficking laws,' [Fraidy Reiss, founder and executive director of anti-child marriage nonprofit Unchained at Last] said" (6). This quote acknowledges the existence of laws against statuatory rape, but does not specifically mention the age of consent cut-off (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"'Child marriage is a workaround for statuatory rape and trafficking laws,' [Fraidy Reiss, founder and executive director of anti-child marriage nonprofit Unchained at Last] said" (6). This quote acknowledges the existence of laws against statuatory rape, but does not specifically mention the age of consent cut-off (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Dec. 30, 2025, 5:37 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"[T]he legal age of consent to sexual activity... will remain 16" (para 4).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"[T]he legal age of consent to sexual activity... will remain 16" (para 4).
Nov. 5, 2025, 7:59 a.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape suspects are 'taking advantage' of delays in the criminal justice system by pleading not guilty in the hope that frustrated victims will drop out, Britain's top prosecutor has warned. The head of the Crown Prosecution Service, Stephen Parkinson suggested defendants are playing the system calculating that victims waiting years for justice may withdraw as cases are now being delayed until late 2027. The Director of Public Prosecutions said the length of time it is taking for police to investigate crimes and bring them to court is 'outrageous'" (para 1-3). This information indicates the existance of laws against rape in Britain, though inefficient (MR-CODER COMMENT). "'Typically, it can take two...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape suspects are 'taking advantage' of delays in the criminal justice system by pleading not guilty in the hope that frustrated victims will drop out, Britain's top prosecutor has warned. The head of the Crown Prosecution Service, Stephen Parkinson suggested defendants are playing the system calculating that victims waiting years for justice may withdraw as cases are now being delayed until late 2027. The Director of Public Prosecutions said the length of time it is taking for police to investigate crimes and bring them to court is 'outrageous'" (para 1-3). This information indicates the existance of laws against rape in Britain, though inefficient (MR-CODER COMMENT). "'Typically, it can take two...more
Nov. 2, 2025, 7:43 p.m.
Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Bangladesh is one of the few countries that tolerates prostitution and girls are being forced into following their mothers into the exploitative industry from as young as 14 - the country's age of consent" (para 3).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Bangladesh is one of the few countries that tolerates prostitution and girls are being forced into following their mothers into the exploitative industry from as young as 14 - the country's age of consent" (para 3).
Oct. 25, 2025, 6:56 p.m.
Countries: Madagascar
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"A court in Madagascar has sentenced a man to surgical castration for the rape of a child in 2024, a judicial official said, in the first such measure on the Indian Ocean island" (para 1).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"A court in Madagascar has sentenced a man to surgical castration for the rape of a child in 2024, a judicial official said, in the first such measure on the Indian Ocean island" (para 1).
Oct. 24, 2025, 11:32 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Currently in Iraq, the minimum age of marriage is 18" (para. 9). As premarital sex is forbidden in Iraq, the age of marriage is also the age of consent (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Currently in Iraq, the minimum age of marriage is 18" (para. 9). As premarital sex is forbidden in Iraq, the age of marriage is also the age of consent (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:47 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Thanks to a legally embedded hierarchy in which the sexual assault of an intoxicated person is categorised as less serious than a stranger assault, Japanese law refers to this offence as ‘quasi-rape’" (para. 28).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Thanks to a legally embedded hierarchy in which the sexual assault of an intoxicated person is categorised as less serious than a stranger assault, Japanese law refers to this offence as ‘quasi-rape’" (para. 28).
Oct. 10, 2025, 9:15 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"At the heart of the controversy [around false accusations of rape] is a 1953 law that defines rape on the basis of physical violence, not lack of consent" (para 10). "[South Korea] already has one of the world’s toughest laws against false accusers, punishable with up to 10 years in prison—compared to up to five years in countries such as the United States and Germany" (para 18).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"At the heart of the controversy [around false accusations of rape] is a 1953 law that defines rape on the basis of physical violence, not lack of consent" (para 10). "[South Korea] already has one of the world’s toughest laws against false accusers, punishable with up to 10 years in prison—compared to up to five years in countries such as the United States and Germany" (para 18).
Oct. 2, 2025, 10:24 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"First, we lack a concept of rape with penetration that is consistent with international standards" (para 7).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"First, we lack a concept of rape with penetration that is consistent with international standards" (para 7).
Sept. 21, 2025, 10:44 p.m.
Countries: Zimbabwe
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Zimbabwe criminalized sex with any person below 18 in September following an earlier constitutional court ruling ordering parliament to raise the legal age of consent for sex to 18 from 16" (Para 5).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Zimbabwe criminalized sex with any person below 18 in September following an earlier constitutional court ruling ordering parliament to raise the legal age of consent for sex to 18 from 16" (Para 5).
Sept. 19, 2025, 5:48 p.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The anti-cybercrime law... Criminalise[s] sexual exploitation" (para 18).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The anti-cybercrime law... Criminalise[s] sexual exploitation" (para 18).
Aug. 31, 2025, 9:08 a.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape is prohibited and punishable by imprisonment” (Page 15). “The law provides penalties for conviction of sexual harassment ranging from six months to three years in prison and fines from 100,000 to two million CFA francs ($170 to $3,400)” (Page 16).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape is prohibited and punishable by imprisonment” (Page 15). “The law provides penalties for conviction of sexual harassment ranging from six months to three years in prison and fines from 100,000 to two million CFA francs ($170 to $3,400)” (Page 16).
Aug. 29, 2025, 8:58 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Articles 354 and 356 of the Ivorian Penal Code criminalize rape and sexual harassment" (Para 3).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Articles 354 and 356 of the Ivorian Penal Code criminalize rape and sexual harassment" (Para 3).
May 30, 2025, 10:12 a.m.
Countries: Iceland
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, IIP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the amendments to the General Penal Code to criminalize digital sexual violence and stalking, to increase protection for victims of psychological violence and to base the definition of rape on absence of consent. It also notes the adoption of the action plan concerning sexual offences for the period 2018–2022 and the new action plan for handling of sexual violence for the period 2023–2025" (7).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, IIP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the amendments to the General Penal Code to criminalize digital sexual violence and stalking, to increase protection for victims of psychological violence and to base the definition of rape on absence of consent. It also notes the adoption of the action plan concerning sexual offences for the period 2018–2022 and the new action plan for handling of sexual violence for the period 2023–2025" (7).
April 17, 2025, 4:55 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Nevertheless, the Committee notes with concern… That the definition of rape and statutory rape in the Criminal Code is incompatible with human rights standards and that girls can file a complaint of sexual violence only with parental authorization or the assistance of a service organization or ombudsperson" (7). "[T]he Committee recommends that the State party... Amend article 308 of the Criminal Code to base the definition of rape on lack of consent rather than the use or threat of use of force, and repeal article 309 of the Criminal Code on statutory rape, which implies, in practice, impunity for cases of rape and sexual abuse of girls" (7). This implies...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Nevertheless, the Committee notes with concern… That the definition of rape and statutory rape in the Criminal Code is incompatible with human rights standards and that girls can file a complaint of sexual violence only with parental authorization or the assistance of a service organization or ombudsperson" (7). "[T]he Committee recommends that the State party... Amend article 308 of the Criminal Code to base the definition of rape on lack of consent rather than the use or threat of use of force, and repeal article 309 of the Criminal Code on statutory rape, which implies, in practice, impunity for cases of rape and sexual abuse of girls" (7). This implies...more
April 15, 2025, 7:13 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The Criminal Law Amendment (IX) was passed in 2015 abolishing the crime of 'soliciting underage prostitutes' and therefore all sexual acts with young girls under the age of 14 should be handled as rape . It expanded the victims of indecent assault from women and children under 14 to also cover male adults and boys aged 14–18" (8). "Before the Amendment, in the Criminal Law (1997) the crime of 'sex with an underage prostitute' (Article 360) was separated from 'rape (an underage girl)' (Article 236), with lenient sentence for the former charge. The stipulation of 'soliciting underage prostitutes' failed to admit it as a form of sexual exploitation against girls...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The Criminal Law Amendment (IX) was passed in 2015 abolishing the crime of 'soliciting underage prostitutes' and therefore all sexual acts with young girls under the age of 14 should be handled as rape . It expanded the victims of indecent assault from women and children under 14 to also cover male adults and boys aged 14–18" (8). "Before the Amendment, in the Criminal Law (1997) the crime of 'sex with an underage prostitute' (Article 360) was separated from 'rape (an underage girl)' (Article 236), with lenient sentence for the former charge. The stipulation of 'soliciting underage prostitutes' failed to admit it as a form of sexual exploitation against girls...more
April 11, 2025, 4:20 p.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Further, the punishment for statutory rape (of a child below 12 years) has been increased to life imprisonment in certain aggravated circumstances, while in other circumstances, it is a first degree felony with a minimum punishment of 15 years’ imprisonment" (2).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Further, the punishment for statutory rape (of a child below 12 years) has been increased to life imprisonment in certain aggravated circumstances, while in other circumstances, it is a first degree felony with a minimum punishment of 15 years’ imprisonment" (2).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"In article 285 of the Penal Code, the definition of rape is very limited because there should be 'a penetration of penis' and at least there should be a witness to confirm the act of sexual violence" (5).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"In article 285 of the Penal Code, the definition of rape is very limited because there should be 'a penetration of penis' and at least there should be a witness to confirm the act of sexual violence" (5).