Latest items for LRCM-LAW-2
March 20, 2025, 1:55 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2, DV-LAW-1
"Domestic violence, rape (as well as marital rape), and other forms of harmful practices against women remain highly prevalent and there are still no specific laws nor policies in Mauritania which to combat this scourge" (1).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2, DV-LAW-1
"Domestic violence, rape (as well as marital rape), and other forms of harmful practices against women remain highly prevalent and there are still no specific laws nor policies in Mauritania which to combat this scourge" (1).
March 13, 2025, 3:54 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"It should be noted, too, that the Penal Code is free of any provision punishing the husband with spousal rape, although the Domestic Violence Act included the act of sexual abuse as a punishable act" (7).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"It should be noted, too, that the Penal Code is free of any provision punishing the husband with spousal rape, although the Domestic Violence Act included the act of sexual abuse as a punishable act" (7).
March 5, 2025, 8:35 p.m.
Countries: Ecuador
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-3
"While the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code does not consider incest to be a crime, it criminalizes rape, for which the maximum penalty is linked to certain aggravating circumstances, including the following: 'the attacker is a guardian, legal representative or someone close to the family or in the victim’s environment, a minister, an education or health-care professional, or anyone with a duty of care towards the victim'. In 2019, following the amendments to the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, incestuous rape was criminalized in article 171.1: 'Any person who rapes a relative from an older, younger or the same generation, who is related by blood to the fourth degree or by marriage...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-3
"While the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code does not consider incest to be a crime, it criminalizes rape, for which the maximum penalty is linked to certain aggravating circumstances, including the following: 'the attacker is a guardian, legal representative or someone close to the family or in the victim’s environment, a minister, an education or health-care professional, or anyone with a duty of care towards the victim'. In 2019, following the amendments to the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, incestuous rape was criminalized in article 171.1: 'Any person who rapes a relative from an older, younger or the same generation, who is related by blood to the fourth degree or by marriage...more
Feb. 26, 2025, 8:40 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Notably, during North Korea’s CEDAW Committee review in 2016, one government official did not even seem to understand questions about 'marital rape' or what the term meant, and asked the committee to explain it. The same official also claimed that punishments for superiors coercing women into sex should be much less than in cases of rape involving outright physical violence, because, the official claimed, there is less of an impact on victims" (par. 7). The fact that the government official did not know what martial rape was suggests that there are not laws regarding marital rape (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Notably, during North Korea’s CEDAW Committee review in 2016, one government official did not even seem to understand questions about 'marital rape' or what the term meant, and asked the committee to explain it. The same official also claimed that punishments for superiors coercing women into sex should be much less than in cases of rape involving outright physical violence, because, the official claimed, there is less of an impact on victims" (par. 7). The fact that the government official did not know what martial rape was suggests that there are not laws regarding marital rape (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 19, 2025, 6:02 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Behind the closed doors of bedrooms across India, the anachronistic opinions of a 17th Century jurist still guide the rules of sex between husband and wife. Englishman Matthew Hale famously considered women to become their husband’s possession on marriage, a belief written into English common law, exported to the colonies and later abandoned over centuries in many countries – but not in India. Here, it’s not a crime for a man to force sex or sexual acts on his wife, as long as she is over 18" (para 1-3). "Women alleging rape in India have some avenues of potential legal action against their husbands. For example, they can seek a...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Behind the closed doors of bedrooms across India, the anachronistic opinions of a 17th Century jurist still guide the rules of sex between husband and wife. Englishman Matthew Hale famously considered women to become their husband’s possession on marriage, a belief written into English common law, exported to the colonies and later abandoned over centuries in many countries – but not in India. Here, it’s not a crime for a man to force sex or sexual acts on his wife, as long as she is over 18" (para 1-3). "Women alleging rape in India have some avenues of potential legal action against their husbands. For example, they can seek a...more
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:27 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The Committee also notes the State party’s indication that marital rape is covered under article 486 of the Penal Code" (7).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The Committee also notes the State party’s indication that marital rape is covered under article 486 of the Penal Code" (7).
Feb. 5, 2025, 4:44 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Law No. 103-13… does not explicitly criminalize marital rape" (1).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Law No. 103-13… does not explicitly criminalize marital rape" (1).
Jan. 30, 2025, 7:52 p.m.
Countries: Honduras
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T[he new Penal Code no longer specifically criminalizes marital rape" (7).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T[he new Penal Code no longer specifically criminalizes marital rape" (7).
Jan. 18, 2025, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Lebanon
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRCM-LAW-2
"Responding to local and international advocates, Lebanon first passed a law in 2014 to criminalize domestic violence against women. Law No. 293/2014) fell far short of expectations, however. It defined domestic violence quite narrowly and, due to pressure from religious authorities, maintained major loopholes around economic and psychological coercion, child custody, and spousal rape within marriages, among other problems" (para 3). "An amendment was passed in 2020 (Law No. 204/2020), which helped to impose penalties for particularly severe cases of economic and psychological abuse as well as for some forms of sexual harassment. But the law still did not criminalize marital rape and left many other loopholes in place, including...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRCM-LAW-2
"Responding to local and international advocates, Lebanon first passed a law in 2014 to criminalize domestic violence against women. Law No. 293/2014) fell far short of expectations, however. It defined domestic violence quite narrowly and, due to pressure from religious authorities, maintained major loopholes around economic and psychological coercion, child custody, and spousal rape within marriages, among other problems" (para 3). "An amendment was passed in 2020 (Law No. 204/2020), which helped to impose penalties for particularly severe cases of economic and psychological abuse as well as for some forms of sexual harassment. But the law still did not criminalize marital rape and left many other loopholes in place, including...more
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:27 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"House Bill 995, authored by Rep. Dana McLean, R-Columbus, would remove archaic, misogynistic language from the 1800s from Mississippi’s rape and sexual battery laws and remove a spousal defense for those who commit marital rape. The bill would clarify the definition and elements of rape and sexual assault, replacing passages such as 'assault with the intent to forcibly ravish a female of previously chaste character'" (para 5). While this is not yet law, it shows that current Mississippi laws have an excuse for those who commit marital rape (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "McLean’s bill would delete language in the law that says a person would not be guilty of rape or sexual...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"House Bill 995, authored by Rep. Dana McLean, R-Columbus, would remove archaic, misogynistic language from the 1800s from Mississippi’s rape and sexual battery laws and remove a spousal defense for those who commit marital rape. The bill would clarify the definition and elements of rape and sexual assault, replacing passages such as 'assault with the intent to forcibly ravish a female of previously chaste character'" (para 5). While this is not yet law, it shows that current Mississippi laws have an excuse for those who commit marital rape (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "McLean’s bill would delete language in the law that says a person would not be guilty of rape or sexual...more
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:31 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Fayhan al-Ghamdi had been accused of killing his daughter Lama, who suffered multiple injuries including a crushed skull, broken back, broken ribs, a broken left arm and extensive bruising and burns. Social workers say she had also been repeatedly raped and burnt. Fayhan al-Ghamdi admitted using a cane and cables to inflict the injuries after doubting his five-year-old daughter’s virginity and taking her to a doctor, according to the campaign group Women to Drive. Rather than getting the death penalty or receiving a long prison sentence for the crime, Fayhan al-Ghamdi served only a few months in jail before a judge ruled the prosecution could only seek ‘blood money’.Albawaba News...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Fayhan al-Ghamdi had been accused of killing his daughter Lama, who suffered multiple injuries including a crushed skull, broken back, broken ribs, a broken left arm and extensive bruising and burns. Social workers say she had also been repeatedly raped and burnt. Fayhan al-Ghamdi admitted using a cane and cables to inflict the injuries after doubting his five-year-old daughter’s virginity and taking her to a doctor, according to the campaign group Women to Drive. Rather than getting the death penalty or receiving a long prison sentence for the crime, Fayhan al-Ghamdi served only a few months in jail before a judge ruled the prosecution could only seek ‘blood money’.Albawaba News...more
Dec. 13, 2024, 3:35 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"However, marital rape has not been recognised as a crime" (para 4).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"However, marital rape has not been recognised as a crime" (para 4).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[There is] a lack of a specific criminal offence of marital rape, which is covered only as an aggravating circumstance in article 48 of the Criminal Law" (7).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[There is] a lack of a specific criminal offence of marital rape, which is covered only as an aggravating circumstance in article 48 of the Criminal Law" (7).
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Sexual and domestic violence incidences are recorded at each police station. This data is forwarded to their Joint Intelligence Unit (JICC) through the Crime Information Management System (CIMS) and the Ministry of Health’s Epidemiology Unit through the BHIS" (6).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Sexual and domestic violence incidences are recorded at each police station. This data is forwarded to their Joint Intelligence Unit (JICC) through the Crime Information Management System (CIMS) and the Ministry of Health’s Epidemiology Unit through the BHIS" (6).
Feb. 20, 2024, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[D]omestic violence, including marital rape, is [not] explicitly prohibited" (8).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[D]omestic violence, including marital rape, is [not] explicitly prohibited" (8).
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:43 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2, MARR-LAW-5
"Once married, a Saudi woman must obey her husband. She may not 'withhold herself' from her husband. She must breastfeed her children; this is a legal obligation owed to her husband" (para 15).
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2, MARR-LAW-5
"Once married, a Saudi woman must obey her husband. She may not 'withhold herself' from her husband. She must breastfeed her children; this is a legal obligation owed to her husband" (para 15).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The Domestic Violence Act, 2008 abolishes spousal exclusion in rape cases. The Act provides a wide range of remedies for abuse and abusive behaviour including 'sexual abuse or threat thereof' in a 'domestic relationship'. Domestic relationship in terms of Section 2 of the Act includes a relationship where people 'are or were married to each other'. The Domestic Violence Act is a clear legislative statement of public policy which advances the construction of Section 141 of the Penal Code to include marital rape. It is a clear intent to criminalise abusive conduct even within the marriage. Moreover, it eliminated the common law spousal exclusion. The High Court in 2008 addressed...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The Domestic Violence Act, 2008 abolishes spousal exclusion in rape cases. The Act provides a wide range of remedies for abuse and abusive behaviour including 'sexual abuse or threat thereof' in a 'domestic relationship'. Domestic relationship in terms of Section 2 of the Act includes a relationship where people 'are or were married to each other'. The Domestic Violence Act is a clear legislative statement of public policy which advances the construction of Section 141 of the Penal Code to include marital rape. It is a clear intent to criminalise abusive conduct even within the marriage. Moreover, it eliminated the common law spousal exclusion. The High Court in 2008 addressed...more
Jan. 4, 2024, 10:41 a.m.
Countries: Singapore
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2, DV-PRACTICE-1
"[P]enalties for select offences committed against persons that were in a 'close relationship' or 'intimate relationship' with the offender at the time of the offence; or children under 14 years of age[] may be punished with up to twice the maximum punishment for the offence" (35).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-LAW-2, DV-PRACTICE-1
"[P]enalties for select offences committed against persons that were in a 'close relationship' or 'intimate relationship' with the offender at the time of the offence; or children under 14 years of age[] may be punished with up to twice the maximum punishment for the offence" (35).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Rape, including spousal rape, is illegal and punishable by up to eight years’ imprisonment if convicted" (18).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Rape, including spousal rape, is illegal and punishable by up to eight years’ imprisonment if convicted" (18).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Rape of men or women is illegal, but the law does not protect against spousal rape unless the couple is separated, in the process of divorce, or if there is a restraining order in place" (12).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Rape of men or women is illegal, but the law does not protect against spousal rape unless the couple is separated, in the process of divorce, or if there is a restraining order in place" (12).
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRCM-LAW-2
"The Committee notes that the Code of Criminal Procedure has been adopted and that the Criminal Code is being revised. It notes with concern, however: (a) The absence of a definition of rape and the failure to criminalize marital rape and domestic violence in the Criminal Code (Law No. 1981-640 of 31 July 1981, as amended by Law No. 1995-522 of 6 July 1995, and Law No. 2015-134 of 9 March 2015)" (8). "The Committee recommends that the State party, in line with its general recommendation No. 35 (2017) on gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19: (a) Expedite the revision of the Criminal Code, ensuring that it...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRCM-LAW-2
"The Committee notes that the Code of Criminal Procedure has been adopted and that the Criminal Code is being revised. It notes with concern, however: (a) The absence of a definition of rape and the failure to criminalize marital rape and domestic violence in the Criminal Code (Law No. 1981-640 of 31 July 1981, as amended by Law No. 1995-522 of 6 July 1995, and Law No. 2015-134 of 9 March 2015)" (8). "The Committee recommends that the State party, in line with its general recommendation No. 35 (2017) on gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19: (a) Expedite the revision of the Criminal Code, ensuring that it...more
Aug. 8, 2023, 8:30 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]he definition of rape in the Criminal Code does not include marital rape" (6).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]he definition of rape in the Criminal Code does not include marital rape" (6).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The provisions of articles 300 and 305 of the Criminal Code that discriminate against women have been factored into the proposed revision of discriminatory laws." (4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Act. 300 states that consummation of a marriage between a child and an adult is considered statuatory rape. As for Act. 305, this act prohibits abortion unless a physician states that it is medically necessary). "In order to better protect women victims of violence, the Senegalese State has introduced a bill to criminalize rape in all its forms. It should be stressed in this respect that some aggravated rapes, such as rape followed by the victim’s death, were already considered...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The provisions of articles 300 and 305 of the Criminal Code that discriminate against women have been factored into the proposed revision of discriminatory laws." (4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Act. 300 states that consummation of a marriage between a child and an adult is considered statuatory rape. As for Act. 305, this act prohibits abortion unless a physician states that it is medically necessary). "In order to better protect women victims of violence, the Senegalese State has introduced a bill to criminalize rape in all its forms. It should be stressed in this respect that some aggravated rapes, such as rape followed by the victim’s death, were already considered...more
July 30, 2023, 5:25 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2, ATFPA-LAW-1
"Once married, a Saudi woman must obey her husband. She may not 'withhold herself' from her husband. She must breastfeed her children; this is a legal obligation owed to her husband." (Parag. 14)
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2, ATFPA-LAW-1
"Once married, a Saudi woman must obey her husband. She may not 'withhold herself' from her husband. She must breastfeed her children; this is a legal obligation owed to her husband." (Parag. 14)
July 12, 2023, 10:28 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2, SAB-LAW-1
""Once married, a Saudi woman must obey her husband. She may not “withhold herself” from her husband. She must breastfeed her children; this is a legal obligation owed to her husband." (Parag. 14)
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2, SAB-LAW-1
""Once married, a Saudi woman must obey her husband. She may not “withhold herself” from her husband. She must breastfeed her children; this is a legal obligation owed to her husband." (Parag. 14)
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Law Number 17/2014 (Sexual Offences Act) was enacted on 13th May 2014 and came into force 6 months thereafter. This Act provides for the protection of children and adults from all forms of sexual violence, and includes an aspect to prevent rape within marriage. Additionally, sexual offenders engaging children are subjected to a specific regime of law established pursuant to Law Number 12/2009 (Special Provisions Act to Deal with Child Sex Abuse Offenders)..."(5). "Regarding the Committee’s COs to adopt specific legislation, within a clear time frame, to criminalize marital rape without any exemptions, while Sexual Offences Act 2014 does not categorically criminalize marital rape, it allows for four circumstances of...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Law Number 17/2014 (Sexual Offences Act) was enacted on 13th May 2014 and came into force 6 months thereafter. This Act provides for the protection of children and adults from all forms of sexual violence, and includes an aspect to prevent rape within marriage. Additionally, sexual offenders engaging children are subjected to a specific regime of law established pursuant to Law Number 12/2009 (Special Provisions Act to Deal with Child Sex Abuse Offenders)..."(5). "Regarding the Committee’s COs to adopt specific legislation, within a clear time frame, to criminalize marital rape without any exemptions, while Sexual Offences Act 2014 does not categorically criminalize marital rape, it allows for four circumstances of...more
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape" (27).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape" (27).
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"...and in 2019 the legislation adopted included: the Protection of Victims, Witnesses and Other Participants in Criminal Proceedings Act of 14 January 2019…"(4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Though the law does not specifically mention marital rape, this law can be enacted when there is a threat to the witness and can involve multiple people including the witnesses, the victim's family, prosecutors, etc.).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"...and in 2019 the legislation adopted included: the Protection of Victims, Witnesses and Other Participants in Criminal Proceedings Act of 14 January 2019…"(4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Though the law does not specifically mention marital rape, this law can be enacted when there is a threat to the witness and can involve multiple people including the witnesses, the victim's family, prosecutors, etc.).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]here was not a single reported case of marital rape qualified as a criminal offense. Prosecutors treated such cases as 'sexual harassment' in accordance with the Law on Protection from Domestic Violence" (12).
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]here was not a single reported case of marital rape qualified as a criminal offense. Prosecutors treated such cases as 'sexual harassment' in accordance with the Law on Protection from Domestic Violence" (12).
March 3, 2023, 11:15 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"...[W]hile even today spousal rape is not recognized as a crime under Nigerian law" (Para. 8).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"...[W]hile even today spousal rape is not recognized as a crime under Nigerian law" (Para. 8).