Latest items for LBHO-PRACTICE-1
Dec. 12, 2024, 9:25 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Since the establishment of Indonesia’s quota policy in 2004, the number of women in the national parliament has increased steadily, jumping from 17.32 per cent at the 2014 election to 20.52 per cent in 2019. At the provincial level, the number has climbed from 16.4 per cent to 18 per cent, while it has edged up slightly from 14 per cent to 15.2 per cent at the municipal level. The proportion of women in the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia, DPD RI) has increased by over 20 per cent from 2014 to 2019 (from 25.76 per cent to 30.88 per cent). That 2019 election marked a watershed...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Since the establishment of Indonesia’s quota policy in 2004, the number of women in the national parliament has increased steadily, jumping from 17.32 per cent at the 2014 election to 20.52 per cent in 2019. At the provincial level, the number has climbed from 16.4 per cent to 18 per cent, while it has edged up slightly from 14 per cent to 15.2 per cent at the municipal level. The proportion of women in the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia, DPD RI) has increased by over 20 per cent from 2014 to 2019 (from 25.76 per cent to 30.88 per cent). That 2019 election marked a watershed...more
Nov. 7, 2024, 2:19 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:04 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women. Prime Minister Narendra Modi applauded the work done by lawmakers to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill, which would amend the Indian Constitution" (para 1-2). "The idea to reserve seats for women was deliberated in the late 1990s but a lack of consensus among parties made it tough to pursue. Since 1996, there have been six unsuccessful attempts to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill" (para 5). "Still, the latest bill in India still has a ways to go. It will be implemented only after the...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women. Prime Minister Narendra Modi applauded the work done by lawmakers to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill, which would amend the Indian Constitution" (para 1-2). "The idea to reserve seats for women was deliberated in the late 1990s but a lack of consensus among parties made it tough to pursue. Since 1996, there have been six unsuccessful attempts to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill" (para 5). "Still, the latest bill in India still has a ways to go. It will be implemented only after the...more
Oct. 10, 2024, 1:33 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
As of a report in April, 27% of positions with decision-making power were held by women. Regulations say that 30% of positions should be held by women. In 2023, a law was passed that one out of every three people on a ballot must be a woman. Unfortunately, women don’t have the means to put themselves ahead of their political rivals, so they are often not elected.
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
As of a report in April, 27% of positions with decision-making power were held by women. Regulations say that 30% of positions should be held by women. In 2023, a law was passed that one out of every three people on a ballot must be a woman. Unfortunately, women don’t have the means to put themselves ahead of their political rivals, so they are often not elected.
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In 2009, a National Policy on Local Government was approved. The policy emphasises gender equity at the local government level" (23).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In 2009, a National Policy on Local Government was approved. The policy emphasises gender equity at the local government level" (23).
April 30, 2024, 8:19 p.m.
Countries: Israel
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"There are fewer women in government than just a year ago. Two of the ultra-Orthodox parties in the governing coalition effectively ban women from running for office, ignoring a 2019 Supreme Court ruling saying that they had to end the practice" (para 19).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"There are fewer women in government than just a year ago. Two of the ultra-Orthodox parties in the governing coalition effectively ban women from running for office, ignoring a 2019 Supreme Court ruling saying that they had to end the practice" (para 19).
April 19, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[U]nder the new draft gender equality law, a 40 per cent quota for the representation of women in the areas of social life [was introduced]" (6).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[U]nder the new draft gender equality law, a 40 per cent quota for the representation of women in the areas of social life [was introduced]" (6).
March 30, 2024, 2:46 p.m.
Countries: Lithuania
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]emporary special measures [are not adopted], including quotas for female candidates of political parties and heads of municipalities, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]emporary special measures [are not adopted], including quotas for female candidates of political parties and heads of municipalities, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions are now regulated by Act No. 09/2016 of 5 September 2016. The quotas are intended to increase the direct and active participation of women and young people in political life and public administration" (4). "Parliament adopted Act No. 9/2006 of 5 September 2016 establishing quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions. Nonetheless, despite the enactment of this legislation, women remain poorly represented in decision making positions" (7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions are now regulated by Act No. 09/2016 of 5 September 2016. The quotas are intended to increase the direct and active participation of women and young people in political life and public administration" (4). "Parliament adopted Act No. 9/2006 of 5 September 2016 establishing quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions. Nonetheless, despite the enactment of this legislation, women remain poorly represented in decision making positions" (7).
Jan. 29, 2024, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] the minimum quotas of 40 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties" (9). "[A] quota of 50 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties, and the draft amendments to the law on the Council of Ministers, introducing a minimum quota of 40 per cent for both sexes, have still not been adopted" (9).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] the minimum quotas of 40 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties" (9). "[A] quota of 50 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties, and the draft amendments to the law on the Council of Ministers, introducing a minimum quota of 40 per cent for both sexes, have still not been adopted" (9).
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:43 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[S]audi Arabia prosecutes women (and men) as terrorists for so much as dabbling in politics. Just last week, Salma al-Shehab, a Ph.D. student and mother of two, was sentenced to 34 years in prison for using her Twitter account in support of dissidents" (para 5). Even though there's no mention of a prohibition, if they're being prosecuted, there might be some kind of law against it. (MD - CODER COMENT)
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[S]audi Arabia prosecutes women (and men) as terrorists for so much as dabbling in politics. Just last week, Salma al-Shehab, a Ph.D. student and mother of two, was sentenced to 34 years in prison for using her Twitter account in support of dissidents" (para 5). Even though there's no mention of a prohibition, if they're being prosecuted, there might be some kind of law against it. (MD - CODER COMENT)
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he 35-per-cent quota for women in functions filled by election or appointment covers a period of 10 years from the date of passage of the Act [No. 16.004]" (18). "Two seats for persons with disabilities, one of them for a woman representative, were allocated in the 2013–2015 National Transitional Council. As new institutions are established, two seats in the national Economic and Social Council have been allocated for persons with disabilities, including one for a woman" (19). "[A]n indigenous woman holds a seat on the economic and social council" (20).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he 35-per-cent quota for women in functions filled by election or appointment covers a period of 10 years from the date of passage of the Act [No. 16.004]" (18). "Two seats for persons with disabilities, one of them for a woman representative, were allocated in the 2013–2015 National Transitional Council. As new institutions are established, two seats in the national Economic and Social Council have been allocated for persons with disabilities, including one for a woman" (19). "[A]n indigenous woman holds a seat on the economic and social council" (20).
Jan. 18, 2024, 2:44 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Significant gaps still exist in the political and public participation of women in the Central African Republic. The quota for the participation of women in all the institutions referred to in the Parity Act (35 per cent) is not yet applied in all sectors of society" (33).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Significant gaps still exist in the political and public participation of women in the Central African Republic. The quota for the participation of women in all the institutions referred to in the Parity Act (35 per cent) is not yet applied in all sectors of society" (33).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"One of Botswana’s greatest challenges is reaching the desired numbers of women in decision making positions, particularly in politics" (7). This suggests that any incentives are ineffective (VMH - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"One of Botswana’s greatest challenges is reaching the desired numbers of women in decision making positions, particularly in politics" (7). This suggests that any incentives are ineffective (VMH - CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 21, 2023, 5:58 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Today under Xi, the CCP took a step back, also eliminating women from the next level of power too, the now 24-member Politburo. The new all-male line-up was revealed the day Xi formally extended his rule for a further five years, after the closing of the 20th Communist party congress in Beijing" (para. 4). "Since 1997, there had always been at least one female Politburo member, and briefly two. A quota system required at least one woman in senior leadership at each level below that, contributing a small but steady stream of candidates" (para. 5). Even though this quota existed, it's not been respected anymore (MD - CODER COMMENT). "The...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Today under Xi, the CCP took a step back, also eliminating women from the next level of power too, the now 24-member Politburo. The new all-male line-up was revealed the day Xi formally extended his rule for a further five years, after the closing of the 20th Communist party congress in Beijing" (para. 4). "Since 1997, there had always been at least one female Politburo member, and briefly two. A quota system required at least one woman in senior leadership at each level below that, contributing a small but steady stream of candidates" (para. 5). Even though this quota existed, it's not been respected anymore (MD - CODER COMMENT). "The...more
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Upon entering office, President Yoon scrapped government gender quotas, declaring people would be hired on merit, not sex. He appointed just three women to his 19-member cabinet" (para 10). “Hoping to fight this was 28-year-old Park Ji-hyun, a women's rights campaigner, who, following the divisive election, was asked to lead the liberal opposition party. The party told her they needed her help to reform politics and represent young women. And so, despite having never been a politician, she agreed” (para 11). Voter incentive encourages parties to run with female members (ET - CODER COMMENT). “But when Park pushed to investigate allegations of sexual assault within her party, she was labelled...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Upon entering office, President Yoon scrapped government gender quotas, declaring people would be hired on merit, not sex. He appointed just three women to his 19-member cabinet" (para 10). “Hoping to fight this was 28-year-old Park Ji-hyun, a women's rights campaigner, who, following the divisive election, was asked to lead the liberal opposition party. The party told her they needed her help to reform politics and represent young women. And so, despite having never been a politician, she agreed” (para 11). Voter incentive encourages parties to run with female members (ET - CODER COMMENT). “But when Park pushed to investigate allegations of sexual assault within her party, she was labelled...more
Nov. 2, 2023, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
“‘Undoubtedly we cannot, in light of the data seen so far, not attribute the victory to the right dragged by Giorgia Meloni. It is a sad evening for the country,’ Serracchiani told reporters” (para 15). Incentives and quotas often presume that mostly men are in leadership positions, intentionally distributing some of their power to women. In this case, however, Meloni is valiently leading her party without requiring sanction by men (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
“‘Undoubtedly we cannot, in light of the data seen so far, not attribute the victory to the right dragged by Giorgia Meloni. It is a sad evening for the country,’ Serracchiani told reporters” (para 15). Incentives and quotas often presume that mostly men are in leadership positions, intentionally distributing some of their power to women. In this case, however, Meloni is valiently leading her party without requiring sanction by men (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the increased representation of women in the judiciary and at different levels of the executive branch and the increased participation of women in political parties. The Committee is concerned, however, about the following: (c) The low representation of women in the Senate (10.6 per cent), which is presided over by a woman, and at the head of local representative bodies (maslikhat)" (p.10).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the increased representation of women in the judiciary and at different levels of the executive branch and the increased participation of women in political parties. The Committee is concerned, however, about the following: (c) The low representation of women in the Senate (10.6 per cent), which is presided over by a woman, and at the head of local representative bodies (maslikhat)" (p.10).
Sept. 25, 2023, 8:02 a.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit participation of women or members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit participation of women or members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (7).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, VOTE-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (15).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, VOTE-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (15).
Sept. 18, 2023, 2 a.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-3, AFE-DATA-1
"In 2016, more girls attended school than boys, with 98 percent vs. 97 percent enrolled at the primary level. Bhutan’s first woman Dzongda (District Governor), was elected to office in 2012, and its first woman minister in 2013, ushering in a wave of successful woman candidates in 2016: that year witnessed a 68 percent increase in female representation compared to the previous election in 2011" (para.7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-3, AFE-DATA-1
"In 2016, more girls attended school than boys, with 98 percent vs. 97 percent enrolled at the primary level. Bhutan’s first woman Dzongda (District Governor), was elected to office in 2012, and its first woman minister in 2013, ushering in a wave of successful woman candidates in 2016: that year witnessed a 68 percent increase in female representation compared to the previous election in 2011" (para.7).
Sept. 18, 2023, 2 a.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-3, AFE-DATA-1
"In 2016, more girls attended school than boys, with 98 percent vs. 97 percent enrolled at the primary level. Bhutan’s first woman Dzongda (District Governor), was elected to office in 2012, and its first woman minister in 2013, ushering in a wave of successful woman candidates in 2016: that year witnessed a 68 percent increase in female representation compared to the previous election in 2011" (para.7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-3, AFE-DATA-1
"In 2016, more girls attended school than boys, with 98 percent vs. 97 percent enrolled at the primary level. Bhutan’s first woman Dzongda (District Governor), was elected to office in 2012, and its first woman minister in 2013, ushering in a wave of successful woman candidates in 2016: that year witnessed a 68 percent increase in female representation compared to the previous election in 2011" (para.7).
Aug. 24, 2023, 1:08 a.m.
Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]emporary special measures, such as outreach or support programmes, the allocation and/or reallocation of resources, preferential treatment, targeted recruitment, hiring, training and promotion and statutory quotas, to redress gaps in participation in political and public life [are not currently implemented and promoted]" (4). "[Ther is a] delay in the finalization of the draft parity law, which provides for parity of women and men in elected bodies and in leadership positions in the public administration" (8).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]emporary special measures, such as outreach or support programmes, the allocation and/or reallocation of resources, preferential treatment, targeted recruitment, hiring, training and promotion and statutory quotas, to redress gaps in participation in political and public life [are not currently implemented and promoted]" (4). "[Ther is a] delay in the finalization of the draft parity law, which provides for parity of women and men in elected bodies and in leadership positions in the public administration" (8).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women or minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (10).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women or minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (10).
Aug. 8, 2023, 8:30 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-2
"[S]tatutory quotas and a gender parity system in the public and foreign services [are not instilled in Bulgaria]" (8).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-2
"[S]tatutory quotas and a gender parity system in the public and foreign services [are not instilled in Bulgaria]" (8).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Efforts in the field of women’s rights have focused on empowering women and combating sexual and marital violence. The Government has therefore set up gender units within the various ministries in order to develop a culture of women’s rights within the Administration. However, obstacles remain, in the form of cultural, religious and economic pressures, including the following: High proportion of women in the sector in question; Scattered initiatives; Lack of legislation to guide initiatives that are already successful but need to be consolidated...Insufficient representation of women in community consultation frameworks involving decision-making; Access to information for women; Lack of information on land purchases and the relevant notary procedures; Inadequate funding...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Efforts in the field of women’s rights have focused on empowering women and combating sexual and marital violence. The Government has therefore set up gender units within the various ministries in order to develop a culture of women’s rights within the Administration. However, obstacles remain, in the form of cultural, religious and economic pressures, including the following: High proportion of women in the sector in question; Scattered initiatives; Lack of legislation to guide initiatives that are already successful but need to be consolidated...Insufficient representation of women in community consultation frameworks involving decision-making; Access to information for women; Lack of information on land purchases and the relevant notary procedures; Inadequate funding...more
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"On the Committee’s CO regarding temporary special measures (TSMs) in the Gender Equality Act and implementation of these, including measures to address the disadvantages and inequalities faced by women outside Male and in remote islands, migrant women, women with disabilities and women heads of household, since 2008, under the leadership of the MOGFSS, efforts have been made to establish TSMs among political parties to increase women’s leadership, but with no success. There is no specific study or finding however, below are some challenges that women face in competing and winning: Women find in difficult to get funds and lack of support they receive from families and community in participating politics;...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"On the Committee’s CO regarding temporary special measures (TSMs) in the Gender Equality Act and implementation of these, including measures to address the disadvantages and inequalities faced by women outside Male and in remote islands, migrant women, women with disabilities and women heads of household, since 2008, under the leadership of the MOGFSS, efforts have been made to establish TSMs among political parties to increase women’s leadership, but with no success. There is no specific study or finding however, below are some challenges that women face in competing and winning: Women find in difficult to get funds and lack of support they receive from families and community in participating politics;...more
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women" (24).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women" (24).
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In relation to the gender gap index in general, Nicaragua’s scores improved substantially from 2006 to 2017, as shown in the table below."(3). Table 1 has no title, but is a breakdown of the gender gap suing different indicators between 2006 to 2017. Translated from Spanish into English, these indicators include political empowerment, health and survival, education, economic participation and opportunities, and the global gender gap. For the global gender gap, Nicaragua was 62 with 0.657 on the point scale in 2006 and was able to get to 6 in 2017 with 0.814 points. For the economic indicator, it was 101 (0.463) in 2006 and lowered it to 54 (0.702)...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In relation to the gender gap index in general, Nicaragua’s scores improved substantially from 2006 to 2017, as shown in the table below."(3). Table 1 has no title, but is a breakdown of the gender gap suing different indicators between 2006 to 2017. Translated from Spanish into English, these indicators include political empowerment, health and survival, education, economic participation and opportunities, and the global gender gap. For the global gender gap, Nicaragua was 62 with 0.657 on the point scale in 2006 and was able to get to 6 in 2017 with 0.814 points. For the economic indicator, it was 101 (0.463) in 2006 and lowered it to 54 (0.702)...more
June 18, 2023, 9:21 a.m.
Countries: Malta
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-DATA-1
"In one recent study, 20% of respondents said that rape can be provoked. Women continue to be largely absent from public life. Even after the implementation of a mechanism to enable political parties to appoint women directly to parliament, only 27.8% of Maltese MPs are female" (Para.20).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-DATA-1
"In one recent study, 20% of respondents said that rape can be provoked. Women continue to be largely absent from public life. Even after the implementation of a mechanism to enable political parties to appoint women directly to parliament, only 27.8% of Maltese MPs are female" (Para.20).