Latest items for LBHO-PRACTICE-1
Feb. 21, 2025, 4:47 p.m.
Countries: Mexico
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"For example, quotas - and political will - helped Mexico achieve gender parity in 2018, after former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador decided the parliament should be 50% women" (para 12).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"For example, quotas - and political will - helped Mexico achieve gender parity in 2018, after former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador decided the parliament should be 50% women" (para 12).
Feb. 21, 2025, 4:45 p.m.
Countries: Mongolia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Mongolia jumped from 10% to 25% female representation this year, after introducing a mandatory 30% candidate quota for women" (para 10).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Mongolia jumped from 10% to 25% female representation this year, after introducing a mandatory 30% candidate quota for women" (para 10).
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:05 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Regulatory Act No. 27-11 of 2011 concerning the House of Representatives created a national electoral constituency of 90 seats, 60 for women and 30 for young people. That increased the representation of women from 10 per cent (34 representatives) in 2007 to 17 per cent (67 deputies) in 2011" (16). "During the 2016 legislative elections, in accordance with Regulatory Act 20-16, nominations were opened up by adding a second section to nomination lists for the national electoral district. It included 30 seats set aside exclusively for young people, including young women, which helped to achieve an encouraging level of female representation of around 21 per cent (81 deputies)" (16). "Regulatory...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Regulatory Act No. 27-11 of 2011 concerning the House of Representatives created a national electoral constituency of 90 seats, 60 for women and 30 for young people. That increased the representation of women from 10 per cent (34 representatives) in 2007 to 17 per cent (67 deputies) in 2011" (16). "During the 2016 legislative elections, in accordance with Regulatory Act 20-16, nominations were opened up by adding a second section to nomination lists for the national electoral district. It included 30 seats set aside exclusively for young people, including young women, which helped to achieve an encouraging level of female representation of around 21 per cent (81 deputies)" (16). "Regulatory...more
Jan. 29, 2025, 7:35 p.m.
Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the efforts of the State party to promote parity, including through temporary special measures such as an alternation mechanism, which resulted in Congress achieving near parity during the 2018–2022 period and in a high percentage of women in executive positions" (7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the efforts of the State party to promote parity, including through temporary special measures such as an alternation mechanism, which resulted in Congress achieving near parity during the 2018–2022 period and in a high percentage of women in executive positions" (7).
Jan. 28, 2025, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[E]qual representation was achieved in 2018 in the Legislative Assembly, with women and men accounting for 45.6 per cent and 54.4 per cent of assembly members, respectively, thanks to the implementation of a regulation requiring political parties to ensure vertical and horizontal parity when selecting candidates (Supreme Electoral Tribunal resolution No. 3603-E8–2016); however, equal participation has not been achieved in all the legislative committees (see annex 7)" (10). "[T]here are still unresolved issues in the area of local politics, as the regulations have yet to be applied to municipal elections, despite the lobbying of political parties and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal by the National Institute for Women, the Office of...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[E]qual representation was achieved in 2018 in the Legislative Assembly, with women and men accounting for 45.6 per cent and 54.4 per cent of assembly members, respectively, thanks to the implementation of a regulation requiring political parties to ensure vertical and horizontal parity when selecting candidates (Supreme Electoral Tribunal resolution No. 3603-E8–2016); however, equal participation has not been achieved in all the legislative committees (see annex 7)" (10). "[T]here are still unresolved issues in the area of local politics, as the regulations have yet to be applied to municipal elections, despite the lobbying of political parties and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal by the National Institute for Women, the Office of...more
Jan. 16, 2025, 9:45 p.m.
Countries: Peru
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The electoral gender quota has been applied in Peru since 1998 in the lists of Congress, Andean Parliament, regional councils and municipal councils. In twenty years of implementation, it has not been possible to reach even the expected minimum quota for the application. As of the general elections of 2021, parity and alternation will be included" (6).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The electoral gender quota has been applied in Peru since 1998 in the lists of Congress, Andean Parliament, regional councils and municipal councils. In twenty years of implementation, it has not been possible to reach even the expected minimum quota for the application. As of the general elections of 2021, parity and alternation will be included" (6).
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:09 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The mandatory requirements adopted in 2007 with regard to electoral legislation to the effect that 'in drawing up the list of candidates, a political party must take into account the fact that the representation must not consist of more than 70 per cent of persons of the same sex, and that the difference in the lists of candidates of women and men nominated by political parties shall not exceed three positions'” (part 3 of article 60 of the Constitutional Act on the Elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and of Representative to the Zhogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic) have enabled a significant increase in the representation of...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The mandatory requirements adopted in 2007 with regard to electoral legislation to the effect that 'in drawing up the list of candidates, a political party must take into account the fact that the representation must not consist of more than 70 per cent of persons of the same sex, and that the difference in the lists of candidates of women and men nominated by political parties shall not exceed three positions'” (part 3 of article 60 of the Constitutional Act on the Elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and of Representative to the Zhogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic) have enabled a significant increase in the representation of...more
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:50 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The father-daughter outing comes amid mounting speculation that Ju Ae could be the next in line to rule North Korea. The young girl, who is believed to be around 12 years old, has been described by North Korea's state media as a 'great person of guidance' - a term typically reserved exclusively for top leaders and their successors" (par. 24-25). This suggests that women can hold political office if they are determined to be the one to inherit the political power (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The father-daughter outing comes amid mounting speculation that Ju Ae could be the next in line to rule North Korea. The young girl, who is believed to be around 12 years old, has been described by North Korea's state media as a 'great person of guidance' - a term typically reserved exclusively for top leaders and their successors" (par. 24-25). This suggests that women can hold political office if they are determined to be the one to inherit the political power (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In order to improve the knowledge and skills of civil servants on issues of gender equality, prevent domestic violence, increase the participation of women in public administration and the civil service, and promote the active participation of women in elections, the Academy of Public Administration has developed and, taking into account the positions and functional duties of trainees, has added the following subjects to civil service capacity-building programmes and other training courses for civil servants:. . .• Promoting women’s role in governance • Gender policy in the civil service. . .• Gender communication for public servants in the context of domestic violence. . .• The role of women in the...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In order to improve the knowledge and skills of civil servants on issues of gender equality, prevent domestic violence, increase the participation of women in public administration and the civil service, and promote the active participation of women in elections, the Academy of Public Administration has developed and, taking into account the positions and functional duties of trainees, has added the following subjects to civil service capacity-building programmes and other training courses for civil servants:. . .• Promoting women’s role in governance • Gender policy in the civil service. . .• Gender communication for public servants in the context of domestic violence. . .• The role of women in the...more
Dec. 12, 2024, 9:25 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Since the establishment of Indonesia’s quota policy in 2004, the number of women in the national parliament has increased steadily, jumping from 17.32 per cent at the 2014 election to 20.52 per cent in 2019. At the provincial level, the number has climbed from 16.4 per cent to 18 per cent, while it has edged up slightly from 14 per cent to 15.2 per cent at the municipal level. The proportion of women in the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia, DPD RI) has increased by over 20 per cent from 2014 to 2019 (from 25.76 per cent to 30.88 per cent). That 2019 election marked a watershed...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Since the establishment of Indonesia’s quota policy in 2004, the number of women in the national parliament has increased steadily, jumping from 17.32 per cent at the 2014 election to 20.52 per cent in 2019. At the provincial level, the number has climbed from 16.4 per cent to 18 per cent, while it has edged up slightly from 14 per cent to 15.2 per cent at the municipal level. The proportion of women in the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia, DPD RI) has increased by over 20 per cent from 2014 to 2019 (from 25.76 per cent to 30.88 per cent). That 2019 election marked a watershed...more
Nov. 7, 2024, 2:19 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:04 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women. Prime Minister Narendra Modi applauded the work done by lawmakers to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill, which would amend the Indian Constitution" (para 1-2). "The idea to reserve seats for women was deliberated in the late 1990s but a lack of consensus among parties made it tough to pursue. Since 1996, there have been six unsuccessful attempts to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill" (para 5). "Still, the latest bill in India still has a ways to go. It will be implemented only after the...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women. Prime Minister Narendra Modi applauded the work done by lawmakers to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill, which would amend the Indian Constitution" (para 1-2). "The idea to reserve seats for women was deliberated in the late 1990s but a lack of consensus among parties made it tough to pursue. Since 1996, there have been six unsuccessful attempts to pass the Women’s Reservation Bill" (para 5). "Still, the latest bill in India still has a ways to go. It will be implemented only after the...more
Oct. 10, 2024, 1:33 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
As of a report in April, 27% of positions with decision-making power were held by women. Regulations say that 30% of positions should be held by women. In 2023, a law was passed that one out of every three people on a ballot must be a woman. Unfortunately, women don’t have the means to put themselves ahead of their political rivals, so they are often not elected.
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
As of a report in April, 27% of positions with decision-making power were held by women. Regulations say that 30% of positions should be held by women. In 2023, a law was passed that one out of every three people on a ballot must be a woman. Unfortunately, women don’t have the means to put themselves ahead of their political rivals, so they are often not elected.
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In 2009, a National Policy on Local Government was approved. The policy emphasises gender equity at the local government level" (23).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"In 2009, a National Policy on Local Government was approved. The policy emphasises gender equity at the local government level" (23).
April 30, 2024, 8:19 p.m.
Countries: Israel
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"There are fewer women in government than just a year ago. Two of the ultra-Orthodox parties in the governing coalition effectively ban women from running for office, ignoring a 2019 Supreme Court ruling saying that they had to end the practice" (para 19).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"There are fewer women in government than just a year ago. Two of the ultra-Orthodox parties in the governing coalition effectively ban women from running for office, ignoring a 2019 Supreme Court ruling saying that they had to end the practice" (para 19).
April 19, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[U]nder the new draft gender equality law, a 40 per cent quota for the representation of women in the areas of social life [was introduced]" (6).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[U]nder the new draft gender equality law, a 40 per cent quota for the representation of women in the areas of social life [was introduced]" (6).
March 30, 2024, 2:46 p.m.
Countries: Lithuania
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]emporary special measures [are not adopted], including quotas for female candidates of political parties and heads of municipalities, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]emporary special measures [are not adopted], including quotas for female candidates of political parties and heads of municipalities, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions are now regulated by Act No. 09/2016 of 5 September 2016. The quotas are intended to increase the direct and active participation of women and young people in political life and public administration" (4). "Parliament adopted Act No. 9/2006 of 5 September 2016 establishing quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions. Nonetheless, despite the enactment of this legislation, women remain poorly represented in decision making positions" (7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions are now regulated by Act No. 09/2016 of 5 September 2016. The quotas are intended to increase the direct and active participation of women and young people in political life and public administration" (4). "Parliament adopted Act No. 9/2006 of 5 September 2016 establishing quotas for women and young people as candidates for political elections and for women as candidates for senior government positions. Nonetheless, despite the enactment of this legislation, women remain poorly represented in decision making positions" (7).
Jan. 29, 2024, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] the minimum quotas of 40 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties" (9). "[A] quota of 50 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties, and the draft amendments to the law on the Council of Ministers, introducing a minimum quota of 40 per cent for both sexes, have still not been adopted" (9).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] the minimum quotas of 40 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties" (9). "[A] quota of 50 per cent for the representation of women candidates on the electoral lists of political parties, and the draft amendments to the law on the Council of Ministers, introducing a minimum quota of 40 per cent for both sexes, have still not been adopted" (9).
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:43 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[S]audi Arabia prosecutes women (and men) as terrorists for so much as dabbling in politics. Just last week, Salma al-Shehab, a Ph.D. student and mother of two, was sentenced to 34 years in prison for using her Twitter account in support of dissidents" (para 5). Even though there's no mention of a prohibition, if they're being prosecuted, there might be some kind of law against it. (MD - CODER COMENT)
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[S]audi Arabia prosecutes women (and men) as terrorists for so much as dabbling in politics. Just last week, Salma al-Shehab, a Ph.D. student and mother of two, was sentenced to 34 years in prison for using her Twitter account in support of dissidents" (para 5). Even though there's no mention of a prohibition, if they're being prosecuted, there might be some kind of law against it. (MD - CODER COMENT)
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he 35-per-cent quota for women in functions filled by election or appointment covers a period of 10 years from the date of passage of the Act [No. 16.004]" (18). "Two seats for persons with disabilities, one of them for a woman representative, were allocated in the 2013–2015 National Transitional Council. As new institutions are established, two seats in the national Economic and Social Council have been allocated for persons with disabilities, including one for a woman" (19). "[A]n indigenous woman holds a seat on the economic and social council" (20).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he 35-per-cent quota for women in functions filled by election or appointment covers a period of 10 years from the date of passage of the Act [No. 16.004]" (18). "Two seats for persons with disabilities, one of them for a woman representative, were allocated in the 2013–2015 National Transitional Council. As new institutions are established, two seats in the national Economic and Social Council have been allocated for persons with disabilities, including one for a woman" (19). "[A]n indigenous woman holds a seat on the economic and social council" (20).
Jan. 18, 2024, 2:44 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Significant gaps still exist in the political and public participation of women in the Central African Republic. The quota for the participation of women in all the institutions referred to in the Parity Act (35 per cent) is not yet applied in all sectors of society" (33).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Significant gaps still exist in the political and public participation of women in the Central African Republic. The quota for the participation of women in all the institutions referred to in the Parity Act (35 per cent) is not yet applied in all sectors of society" (33).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"One of Botswana’s greatest challenges is reaching the desired numbers of women in decision making positions, particularly in politics" (7). This suggests that any incentives are ineffective (VMH - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"One of Botswana’s greatest challenges is reaching the desired numbers of women in decision making positions, particularly in politics" (7). This suggests that any incentives are ineffective (VMH - CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 21, 2023, 5:58 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Today under Xi, the CCP took a step back, also eliminating women from the next level of power too, the now 24-member Politburo. The new all-male line-up was revealed the day Xi formally extended his rule for a further five years, after the closing of the 20th Communist party congress in Beijing" (para. 4). "Since 1997, there had always been at least one female Politburo member, and briefly two. A quota system required at least one woman in senior leadership at each level below that, contributing a small but steady stream of candidates" (para. 5). Even though this quota existed, it's not been respected anymore (MD - CODER COMMENT). "The...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Today under Xi, the CCP took a step back, also eliminating women from the next level of power too, the now 24-member Politburo. The new all-male line-up was revealed the day Xi formally extended his rule for a further five years, after the closing of the 20th Communist party congress in Beijing" (para. 4). "Since 1997, there had always been at least one female Politburo member, and briefly two. A quota system required at least one woman in senior leadership at each level below that, contributing a small but steady stream of candidates" (para. 5). Even though this quota existed, it's not been respected anymore (MD - CODER COMMENT). "The...more
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Upon entering office, President Yoon scrapped government gender quotas, declaring people would be hired on merit, not sex. He appointed just three women to his 19-member cabinet" (para 10). “Hoping to fight this was 28-year-old Park Ji-hyun, a women's rights campaigner, who, following the divisive election, was asked to lead the liberal opposition party. The party told her they needed her help to reform politics and represent young women. And so, despite having never been a politician, she agreed” (para 11). Voter incentive encourages parties to run with female members (ET - CODER COMMENT). “But when Park pushed to investigate allegations of sexual assault within her party, she was labelled...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"Upon entering office, President Yoon scrapped government gender quotas, declaring people would be hired on merit, not sex. He appointed just three women to his 19-member cabinet" (para 10). “Hoping to fight this was 28-year-old Park Ji-hyun, a women's rights campaigner, who, following the divisive election, was asked to lead the liberal opposition party. The party told her they needed her help to reform politics and represent young women. And so, despite having never been a politician, she agreed” (para 11). Voter incentive encourages parties to run with female members (ET - CODER COMMENT). “But when Park pushed to investigate allegations of sexual assault within her party, she was labelled...more
Nov. 2, 2023, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
“‘Undoubtedly we cannot, in light of the data seen so far, not attribute the victory to the right dragged by Giorgia Meloni. It is a sad evening for the country,’ Serracchiani told reporters” (para 15). Incentives and quotas often presume that mostly men are in leadership positions, intentionally distributing some of their power to women. In this case, however, Meloni is valiently leading her party without requiring sanction by men (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
“‘Undoubtedly we cannot, in light of the data seen so far, not attribute the victory to the right dragged by Giorgia Meloni. It is a sad evening for the country,’ Serracchiani told reporters” (para 15). Incentives and quotas often presume that mostly men are in leadership positions, intentionally distributing some of their power to women. In this case, however, Meloni is valiently leading her party without requiring sanction by men (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the increased representation of women in the judiciary and at different levels of the executive branch and the increased participation of women in political parties. The Committee is concerned, however, about the following: (c) The low representation of women in the Senate (10.6 per cent), which is presided over by a woman, and at the head of local representative bodies (maslikhat)" (p.10).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the increased representation of women in the judiciary and at different levels of the executive branch and the increased participation of women in political parties. The Committee is concerned, however, about the following: (c) The low representation of women in the Senate (10.6 per cent), which is presided over by a woman, and at the head of local representative bodies (maslikhat)" (p.10).
Sept. 25, 2023, 8:02 a.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit participation of women or members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit participation of women or members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (7).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, VOTE-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (15).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, VOTE-PRACTICE-1
"No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate" (15).
Sept. 18, 2023, 2 a.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-3, AFE-DATA-1
"In 2016, more girls attended school than boys, with 98 percent vs. 97 percent enrolled at the primary level. Bhutan’s first woman Dzongda (District Governor), was elected to office in 2012, and its first woman minister in 2013, ushering in a wave of successful woman candidates in 2016: that year witnessed a 68 percent increase in female representation compared to the previous election in 2011" (para.7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, GP-DATA-3, AFE-DATA-1
"In 2016, more girls attended school than boys, with 98 percent vs. 97 percent enrolled at the primary level. Bhutan’s first woman Dzongda (District Governor), was elected to office in 2012, and its first woman minister in 2013, ushering in a wave of successful woman candidates in 2016: that year witnessed a 68 percent increase in female representation compared to the previous election in 2011" (para.7).