Countries: Mexico
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2

"For example, quotas - and political will - helped Mexico achieve gender parity in 2018, after former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador decided the parliament should be 50% women" (para 12).

Countries: Morocco
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"The Committee notes with appreciation that temporary special measures, including quotas, have been adopted for the political participation of women" (6). "The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to ensure equal political and public representation of women at the national and local levels, including through the adoption of legislative provisions establishing proportional lists and quotas for the representation of women in politics, the judiciary and public administration, the establishment of a system of incentives for political parties to add seats for their female candidates in legislative, regional and local elections, and the provision of financial assistance and technical support to support gender diversity in public service. The Committee also welcomes...more

Countries: Honduras
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2016 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the adoption of the following… (d) Agreement No. 003-2016, which regulates the implementation of the principle of parity and alternation in the political participation of women in electoral processes" (1-2). "It also notes with concern the absence of temporary special measures other than electoral quotas" (6).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"In addition, the judiciary is implementing affirmative action in selection and recruitment processes, with a view to promoting the hiring of women in vulnerable situations, including indigenous women and women with disabilities. The changes made to the selection process reduce barriers and enable women from indigenous areas to occupy positions within the judiciary (see annex 6)" (7). "[E]qual representation was achieved in 2018 in the Legislative Assembly, with women and men accounting for 45.6 per cent and 54.4 per cent of assembly members, respectively, thanks to the implementation of a regulation requiring political parties to ensure vertical and horizontal parity when selecting candidates (Supreme Electoral Tribunal resolution No. 3603-E8–2016); however,...more

Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"Tajikistan has extensive experience with the use of special temporary measures, such as “soft quotas” in party lists of parliamentary candidates, benefits in civil service admissions, presidential quotas for university applicants and presidential grants for women entrepreneurs" (p. 20). "In order to attract women to the civil service, a Presidential decree was adopted on 19 April 2017 amending and supplementing Presidential decree No. 647 of 10 March 2016. In accordance with paragraph 14, the regulations on the procedure fo holding competitions to fill vacant administrative posts in the civil service include accommodations for women, and upon their initial appointment to the civil service they are given three additional points" (p....more

Countries: Norway
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"The Committee recommends that the State party adopt an empowerment model rather than a model of service provision only and allocate the necessary resources and develop quotas to ensure true empowerment of women from every group and their full representation in the decision-making systems of the State party" (10).

Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2

"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).

Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

Regulations say that 30% of positions in the government with decision-making power should be held by women.

Countries: Guatemala
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"To promote political participation by women, in 2016 the Elections and Political Parties Act was amended to address issues related to electoral financing and the holding of posts in political parties. The amendments did not include quotas to ensure parity and the rotation of power. On 5 March 2020, women deputies introduced bill No. 5708 in the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. The aim of the bill is to promote the participation and comprehensive development of Guatemalan women. It establishes that political parties must include in their bylaws effective mechanisms to promote women’s participation in intra-party election processes and as candidates for elected positions, alternating their participation with that...more

Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"The Constitutional Court decision of 24 January 2014 declared that quotas for ensuring equal representation of women in political and administrative fields were unconstitutional" (7).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"Special temporary measures to accelerate political participation of women are not yet in place" (17).

Countries: China
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"[T]he Electoral Law of the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses of the People’s Republic of China, as revised in 2015, stipulates that ‘deputies shall comprise an appropriate number of women, who shall account for an increasingly larger percentage’. It is stipulated under article 6 of the Organic Law of the Villagers’ Committees of the People’s Republic of China that ‘The members of a villagers’ committee shall include an appropriate number of women’” (11).

Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"The Committee notes with concern the absence of temporary special measures in the State party apart from electoral quotas" (7). "The Committee recommends that the State party adopt across all relevant sectors temporary special measures, such as quotas and other proactive measures, accompanied by sanctions for non-compliance, in accordance with article 4 (1) of the Convention and the Committee’s general recommendation No. 25 (2004) on temporary special measures, and in order to reach de facto equality between women and men" (7). "The Committee notes that a draft law will be presented to the National Assembly on 17 July 2019 that would provide for a minimum of 30 per cent representation...more

Countries: Maldives
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"On the Committee’s CO regarding temporary special measures (TSMs) in the Gender Equality Act and implementation of these, including measures to address the disadvantages and inequalities faced by women outside Male and in remote islands, migrant women, women with disabilities and women heads of household, since 2008, under the leadership of the MOGFSS, efforts have been made to establish TSMs among political parties to increase women’s leadership, but with no success." (11).

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"The Equal Rights Act provides for equality in the exercise of political rights, including the right to elect and be elected to public office. It also establishes the need for a proportional percentage of women and men in elected positions at the national, regional and municipal levels and in the Central American Parliament. To that end, political parties must include women candidates in their lists to ensure greater democratic participation." (14). "To give effect to women’s political rights, article 82 of Act No. 790 of 2012, amending the Electoral Act (No. 331), provides that political parties or alliances must propose candidates in accordance with the principle of gender equality." (14-15)....more