Latest items for LBHO-LAW-2
March 20, 2025, 5:13 p.m.
Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Bangladesh Election Commission directed political parties to ensure that a third of their leadership positions are occupied by women" (para 23). "Bangladesh's constitution requires a percentage of seats in parliament be reserved for women. Currently, that means 50 of the legislative body's seats must be held by women" (para 26).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Bangladesh Election Commission directed political parties to ensure that a third of their leadership positions are occupied by women" (para 23). "Bangladesh's constitution requires a percentage of seats in parliament be reserved for women. Currently, that means 50 of the legislative body's seats must be held by women" (para 26).
March 20, 2025, 3:56 p.m.
Countries: Germany
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The CDU leader introduced a gender-parity quota in 2022 for his party’s executive board" (para 16).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The CDU leader introduced a gender-parity quota in 2022 for his party’s executive board" (para 16).
March 15, 2025, 11:45 a.m.
Countries: Lebanon
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee notes that the National Commission for Lebanese Women has proposed statutory quotas for women candidates in legislative and municipal elections. The Committee also notes, however, that the State party has not adopted any temporary special measures to achieve substantive equality between women and men in areas where women are underrepresented or disadvantaged, such as in political participation" (6).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee notes that the National Commission for Lebanese Women has proposed statutory quotas for women candidates in legislative and municipal elections. The Committee also notes, however, that the State party has not adopted any temporary special measures to achieve substantive equality between women and men in areas where women are underrepresented or disadvantaged, such as in political participation" (6).
March 14, 2025, 4:48 p.m.
Countries: Venezuela
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"As far as political rights are concerned, in the period from 2014 to 2020 the National Electoral Council adopted a series of special temporary measures to ensure the participation of women in decision-making organs and their political representation. Through resolution No. 150605, adopted in 2015, it ordered political organizations to ensure that their methods for selecting candidates for membership in deliberative bodies resulted in equal representation for women and men. If parity was not feasible, as an exception there should be a minimum of 40 per cent and a maximum of 60 per cent for either gender. This formula was used for candidates for election to the National Assembly (listed...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"As far as political rights are concerned, in the period from 2014 to 2020 the National Electoral Council adopted a series of special temporary measures to ensure the participation of women in decision-making organs and their political representation. Through resolution No. 150605, adopted in 2015, it ordered political organizations to ensure that their methods for selecting candidates for membership in deliberative bodies resulted in equal representation for women and men. If parity was not feasible, as an exception there should be a minimum of 40 per cent and a maximum of 60 per cent for either gender. This formula was used for candidates for election to the National Assembly (listed...more
March 13, 2025, 3:54 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The authors are concerned that the Supreme Council for Women’s rejection of the efficacy and power of quotas flies in the face of tens of countries’ experience and that its out-of-hand rejection is based, itself, on discrimination against women and a failure to implement Article 2 of the Covenant. SALAM DHR [Salam for Democracy and Human Rights] notes, too, that the GoB [government of Bahrain] does not set out the basis for its assertion in, inter alia, paragraph 73 of the state party’s report, namely that: '[...] the Committee’s concerns about de facto or substantive equality between women and men in areas where women are underrepresented or disadvantaged, including in...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The authors are concerned that the Supreme Council for Women’s rejection of the efficacy and power of quotas flies in the face of tens of countries’ experience and that its out-of-hand rejection is based, itself, on discrimination against women and a failure to implement Article 2 of the Covenant. SALAM DHR [Salam for Democracy and Human Rights] notes, too, that the GoB [government of Bahrain] does not set out the basis for its assertion in, inter alia, paragraph 73 of the state party’s report, namely that: '[...] the Committee’s concerns about de facto or substantive equality between women and men in areas where women are underrepresented or disadvantaged, including in...more
March 5, 2025, 8:35 p.m.
Countries: Ecuador
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The reform of the Quota Act in 2000 established a mandatory quota for women’s participation in all candidacies elected by popular vote of 30 per cent for principal candidacies and 30 per cent for alternate candidacies, with the exception of the presidential ticket. The same body of law establishes that the quota shall increase by 5 per cent in each electoral cycle until parity is achieved, with consideration also given to ethnic and cultural participation" (22). "The reform of the Democracy Code entered into force in February 2020. It reflects progress in the area of gender, including the incorporation of measures to ensure adherence to the law and the constitutional...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The reform of the Quota Act in 2000 established a mandatory quota for women’s participation in all candidacies elected by popular vote of 30 per cent for principal candidacies and 30 per cent for alternate candidacies, with the exception of the presidential ticket. The same body of law establishes that the quota shall increase by 5 per cent in each electoral cycle until parity is achieved, with consideration also given to ethnic and cultural participation" (22). "The reform of the Democracy Code entered into force in February 2020. It reflects progress in the area of gender, including the incorporation of measures to ensure adherence to the law and the constitutional...more
March 3, 2025, 9:03 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Adopt temporary special measures, such as statutory quotas and a gender parity system, to ensure the equal representation of women in the Government, the National People’s Congress and regional people’s congresses, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the judiciary, public institutions and the foreign service, in particular at decision-making levels" (Page 9) The reccomendation suggests that such quotas do not currently exist (LK - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Adopt temporary special measures, such as statutory quotas and a gender parity system, to ensure the equal representation of women in the Government, the National People’s Congress and regional people’s congresses, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the judiciary, public institutions and the foreign service, in particular at decision-making levels" (Page 9) The reccomendation suggests that such quotas do not currently exist (LK - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 28, 2025, 5:42 p.m.
Countries: Niger
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Niger has also taken the following actions towards promoting women’s rights: The revision of the Law on quotas of December 2019 granting 25% of elective positions and 30% of nominative positions to the gender least represented in governing bodies (i.e. in this case, to women)" (2). "In fact, the insufficient involvement of women in the country’s governing bodies is evident, despite the existence of positive discrimination measures, such as the Law on quotas No. 2000-008 of 7 June 2000. This law was last revised in 2019, granting 25% of elective positions and 30% of appointed positions to women" (9-10).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Niger has also taken the following actions towards promoting women’s rights: The revision of the Law on quotas of December 2019 granting 25% of elective positions and 30% of nominative positions to the gender least represented in governing bodies (i.e. in this case, to women)" (2). "In fact, the insufficient involvement of women in the country’s governing bodies is evident, despite the existence of positive discrimination measures, such as the Law on quotas No. 2000-008 of 7 June 2000. This law was last revised in 2019, granting 25% of elective positions and 30% of appointed positions to women" (9-10).
Feb. 28, 2025, 5:27 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[P]olitical parties have been scrutinized about whether they satisfy the country’s laws requiring gender parity in the candidate lists they put forward" (para 6). "Since June 2000, political parties are required by French law to respect gender parity within a margin of 2% at the legislative elections. Those who don’t risk losing precious public funding" (para 10).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[P]olitical parties have been scrutinized about whether they satisfy the country’s laws requiring gender parity in the candidate lists they put forward" (para 6). "Since June 2000, political parties are required by French law to respect gender parity within a margin of 2% at the legislative elections. Those who don’t risk losing precious public funding" (para 10).
Feb. 26, 2025, 8:27 p.m.
Countries: Dominican Republic
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In Act No. 33-18, on political parties, groups and movements, of 21 August 2018, and Organic Act No. 15-19, of 18 February 2019, on the electoral system, the quota for female participation in politics was increased, among other positive aspects. Article 53 of Act No. 33-18 provides as follows: 'Article 53. Gender quota. The form and mechanisms for selecting candidates for elected office shall at all times respect the percentages of electoral positions to be occupied by men and women in accordance with the present Act. 'Paragraph I: The Central Electoral Board and the municipal electoral boards shall not accept lists of candidates for elected office that include fewer than...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In Act No. 33-18, on political parties, groups and movements, of 21 August 2018, and Organic Act No. 15-19, of 18 February 2019, on the electoral system, the quota for female participation in politics was increased, among other positive aspects. Article 53 of Act No. 33-18 provides as follows: 'Article 53. Gender quota. The form and mechanisms for selecting candidates for elected office shall at all times respect the percentages of electoral positions to be occupied by men and women in accordance with the present Act. 'Paragraph I: The Central Electoral Board and the municipal electoral boards shall not accept lists of candidates for elected office that include fewer than...more
Feb. 21, 2025, 4:47 p.m.
Countries: Mexico
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"For example, quotas - and political will - helped Mexico achieve gender parity in 2018, after former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador decided the parliament should be 50% women" (para 12).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"For example, quotas - and political will - helped Mexico achieve gender parity in 2018, after former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador decided the parliament should be 50% women" (para 12).
Feb. 21, 2025, 4:45 p.m.
Countries: Mongolia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Mongolia jumped from 10% to 25% female representation this year, after introducing a mandatory 30% candidate quota for women" (para 10).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Mongolia jumped from 10% to 25% female representation this year, after introducing a mandatory 30% candidate quota for women" (para 10).
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:27 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee notes with appreciation that temporary special measures, including quotas, have been adopted for the political participation of women" (6). "The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to ensure equal political and public representation of women at the national and local levels, including through the adoption of legislative provisions establishing proportional lists and quotas for the representation of women in politics, the judiciary and public administration, the establishment of a system of incentives for political parties to add seats for their female candidates in legislative, regional and local elections, and the provision of financial assistance and technical support to support gender diversity in public service. The Committee also welcomes...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee notes with appreciation that temporary special measures, including quotas, have been adopted for the political participation of women" (6). "The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to ensure equal political and public representation of women at the national and local levels, including through the adoption of legislative provisions establishing proportional lists and quotas for the representation of women in politics, the judiciary and public administration, the establishment of a system of incentives for political parties to add seats for their female candidates in legislative, regional and local elections, and the provision of financial assistance and technical support to support gender diversity in public service. The Committee also welcomes...more
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:05 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Regulatory Act 59-11 on the election of members of local government councils put in place two mechanisms to increase women’s representation. The first concerned the regional councils. At the level of each prefecture or province, it created constituencies to promote women’s representation, with at least one third of the seats allocated to them. The second mechanism concerned community councils. It created an additional electoral constituency, consisting of at least two seats, earmarked for women" (8,9,17). "Regulatory Act 34-15 (2015) on the election of members of local government councils introduced a new nominations system that involves putting forward a single list of candidates consisting of two parts: the first contains the...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Regulatory Act 59-11 on the election of members of local government councils put in place two mechanisms to increase women’s representation. The first concerned the regional councils. At the level of each prefecture or province, it created constituencies to promote women’s representation, with at least one third of the seats allocated to them. The second mechanism concerned community councils. It created an additional electoral constituency, consisting of at least two seats, earmarked for women" (8,9,17). "Regulatory Act 34-15 (2015) on the election of members of local government councils introduced a new nominations system that involves putting forward a single list of candidates consisting of two parts: the first contains the...more
Jan. 30, 2025, 7:52 p.m.
Countries: Honduras
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2016 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the adoption of the following… (d) Agreement No. 003-2016, which regulates the implementation of the principle of parity and alternation in the political participation of women in electoral processes" (1-2). "It also notes with concern the absence of temporary special measures other than electoral quotas" (6).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2016 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the adoption of the following… (d) Agreement No. 003-2016, which regulates the implementation of the principle of parity and alternation in the political participation of women in electoral processes" (1-2). "It also notes with concern the absence of temporary special measures other than electoral quotas" (6).
Jan. 29, 2025, 8:02 p.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Argentina was also the first Latin American country to implement a parliamentary quota system for women in 1991" (para 10). "As it ramps up its 'cultural battle' against 'wokeism', Milei’s government is also now working to repeal legislation including labour quotas for sexual minorities, gender parity in electoral lists and non-binary identity documents" (para 14).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Argentina was also the first Latin American country to implement a parliamentary quota system for women in 1991" (para 10). "As it ramps up its 'cultural battle' against 'wokeism', Milei’s government is also now working to repeal legislation including labour quotas for sexual minorities, gender parity in electoral lists and non-binary identity documents" (para 14).
Jan. 28, 2025, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In addition, the judiciary is implementing affirmative action in selection and recruitment processes, with a view to promoting the hiring of women in vulnerable situations, including indigenous women and women with disabilities. The changes made to the selection process reduce barriers and enable women from indigenous areas to occupy positions within the judiciary (see annex 6)" (7). "[E]qual representation was achieved in 2018 in the Legislative Assembly, with women and men accounting for 45.6 per cent and 54.4 per cent of assembly members, respectively, thanks to the implementation of a regulation requiring political parties to ensure vertical and horizontal parity when selecting candidates (Supreme Electoral Tribunal resolution No. 3603-E8–2016); however,...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In addition, the judiciary is implementing affirmative action in selection and recruitment processes, with a view to promoting the hiring of women in vulnerable situations, including indigenous women and women with disabilities. The changes made to the selection process reduce barriers and enable women from indigenous areas to occupy positions within the judiciary (see annex 6)" (7). "[E]qual representation was achieved in 2018 in the Legislative Assembly, with women and men accounting for 45.6 per cent and 54.4 per cent of assembly members, respectively, thanks to the implementation of a regulation requiring political parties to ensure vertical and horizontal parity when selecting candidates (Supreme Electoral Tribunal resolution No. 3603-E8–2016); however,...more
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:09 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Act on Election Commissions and the Holding of Elections and Referendums Part 2, article 5: 'The Zhogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter – the Zhogorku Kenesh) shall elect the members of the Central Commission for Elections: one third of its members shall be nominated by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter – the President), one third – by the parliamentary majority and one third – by the parliamentary opposition; however no more than seventy per cent of the members shall be persons of the same sex; members of the Commission shall be dismissed from their office in the cases stipulated by this Act' Constitutional Act on the Elections...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Act on Election Commissions and the Holding of Elections and Referendums Part 2, article 5: 'The Zhogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter – the Zhogorku Kenesh) shall elect the members of the Central Commission for Elections: one third of its members shall be nominated by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter – the President), one third – by the parliamentary majority and one third – by the parliamentary opposition; however no more than seventy per cent of the members shall be persons of the same sex; members of the Commission shall be dismissed from their office in the cases stipulated by this Act' Constitutional Act on the Elections...more
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Tajikistan has extensive experience with the use of special temporary measures, such as “soft quotas” in party lists of parliamentary candidates, benefits in civil service admissions, presidential quotas for university applicants and presidential grants for women entrepreneurs" (p. 20). "In order to attract women to the civil service, a Presidential decree was adopted on 19 April 2017 amending and supplementing Presidential decree No. 647 of 10 March 2016. In accordance with paragraph 14, the regulations on the procedure fo holding competitions to fill vacant administrative posts in the civil service include accommodations for women, and upon their initial appointment to the civil service they are given three additional points" (p....more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Tajikistan has extensive experience with the use of special temporary measures, such as “soft quotas” in party lists of parliamentary candidates, benefits in civil service admissions, presidential quotas for university applicants and presidential grants for women entrepreneurs" (p. 20). "In order to attract women to the civil service, a Presidential decree was adopted on 19 April 2017 amending and supplementing Presidential decree No. 647 of 10 March 2016. In accordance with paragraph 14, the regulations on the procedure fo holding competitions to fill vacant administrative posts in the civil service include accommodations for women, and upon their initial appointment to the civil service they are given three additional points" (p....more
Dec. 12, 2024, 9:25 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The threat arose when Indonesia’s electoral commission tweaked policy around the country’s 30 per cent gender quota on party lists, changing a previous rule that rounded up decimal figures in service of meeting the requirements" (para 2).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The threat arose when Indonesia’s electoral commission tweaked policy around the country’s 30 per cent gender quota on party lists, changing a previous rule that rounded up decimal figures in service of meeting the requirements" (para 2).
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee recommends that the State party adopt an empowerment model rather than a model of service provision only and allocate the necessary resources and develop quotas to ensure true empowerment of women from every group and their full representation in the decision-making systems of the State party" (10).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee recommends that the State party adopt an empowerment model rather than a model of service provision only and allocate the necessary resources and develop quotas to ensure true empowerment of women from every group and their full representation in the decision-making systems of the State party" (10).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[T]he Committee recommends that the State party strengthen its efforts to increase the representation of women in political life at the decision-making level in both elected and appointed governmental bodies and adopt temporary special measures, including requiring political parties to introduce quotas for women candidates, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[T]he Committee recommends that the State party strengthen its efforts to increase the representation of women in political life at the decision-making level in both elected and appointed governmental bodies and adopt temporary special measures, including requiring political parties to introduce quotas for women candidates, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
Nov. 7, 2024, 2:19 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:04 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women" (para 1).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women" (para 1).
Oct. 10, 2024, 1:33 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
Regulations say that 30% of positions in the government with decision-making power should be held by women.
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
Regulations say that 30% of positions in the government with decision-making power should be held by women.
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Women’s Agenda of the People’s United Party 2003-2008, advocated for at least 30 per cent of public office positions to be held by women but no official steps were taken to do so. The 2020 Plan Belize addressed women’s leadership but did not set quota for political leadership" (23).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Women’s Agenda of the People’s United Party 2003-2008, advocated for at least 30 per cent of public office positions to be held by women but no official steps were taken to do so. The 2020 Plan Belize addressed women’s leadership but did not set quota for political leadership" (23).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"To promote political participation by women, in 2016 the Elections and Political Parties Act was amended to address issues related to electoral financing and the holding of posts in political parties. The amendments did not include quotas to ensure parity and the rotation of power. On 5 March 2020, women deputies introduced bill No. 5708 in the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. The aim of the bill is to promote the participation and comprehensive development of Guatemalan women. It establishes that political parties must include in their bylaws effective mechanisms to promote women’s participation in intra-party election processes and as candidates for elected positions, alternating their participation with that...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"To promote political participation by women, in 2016 the Elections and Political Parties Act was amended to address issues related to electoral financing and the holding of posts in political parties. The amendments did not include quotas to ensure parity and the rotation of power. On 5 March 2020, women deputies introduced bill No. 5708 in the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. The aim of the bill is to promote the participation and comprehensive development of Guatemalan women. It establishes that political parties must include in their bylaws effective mechanisms to promote women’s participation in intra-party election processes and as candidates for elected positions, alternating their participation with that...more
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Quota Act, a parliamentary initiative, has been adopted to enable women to participate with a 30-per-cent share as candidates for decision-making posts at the policy and institutional levels" (2). "Act No. 9/2016 of 5 September 2016 sets the quotas for women and young people as candidates for political posts at 30 per cent and for women for senior government positions at 30 per cent" (12, 13). "The adoption of the Quota Act, [] specifies that women and young people should account for 30 per cent of candidates for decision-making posts" (30).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Quota Act, a parliamentary initiative, has been adopted to enable women to participate with a 30-per-cent share as candidates for decision-making posts at the policy and institutional levels" (2). "Act No. 9/2016 of 5 September 2016 sets the quotas for women and young people as candidates for political posts at 30 per cent and for women for senior government positions at 30 per cent" (12, 13). "The adoption of the Quota Act, [] specifies that women and young people should account for 30 per cent of candidates for decision-making posts" (30).
Feb. 20, 2024, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Constitutional Court decision of 24 January 2014 declared that quotas for ensuring equal representation of women in political and administrative fields were unconstitutional" (7).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Constitutional Court decision of 24 January 2014 declared that quotas for ensuring equal representation of women in political and administrative fields were unconstitutional" (7).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[Act No. 16.004] establishes a quota system for women in functions filled by election or appointment, setting the quota at 35 per cent, and providing for this quota to be increased over a period of 10 years from the date of entry into force" (33).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[Act No. 16.004] establishes a quota system for women in functions filled by election or appointment, setting the quota at 35 per cent, and providing for this quota to be increased over a period of 10 years from the date of entry into force" (33).