Latest items for LBHO-LAW-2
Dec. 12, 2024, 9:25 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The threat arose when Indonesia’s electoral commission tweaked policy around the country’s 30 per cent gender quota on party lists, changing a previous rule that rounded up decimal figures in service of meeting the requirements" (para 2).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The threat arose when Indonesia’s electoral commission tweaked policy around the country’s 30 per cent gender quota on party lists, changing a previous rule that rounded up decimal figures in service of meeting the requirements" (para 2).
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee recommends that the State party adopt an empowerment model rather than a model of service provision only and allocate the necessary resources and develop quotas to ensure true empowerment of women from every group and their full representation in the decision-making systems of the State party" (10).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee recommends that the State party adopt an empowerment model rather than a model of service provision only and allocate the necessary resources and develop quotas to ensure true empowerment of women from every group and their full representation in the decision-making systems of the State party" (10).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[T]he Committee recommends that the State party strengthen its efforts to increase the representation of women in political life at the decision-making level in both elected and appointed governmental bodies and adopt temporary special measures, including requiring political parties to introduce quotas for women candidates, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[T]he Committee recommends that the State party strengthen its efforts to increase the representation of women in political life at the decision-making level in both elected and appointed governmental bodies and adopt temporary special measures, including requiring political parties to introduce quotas for women candidates, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities, in political and public life" (9-10).
Nov. 7, 2024, 2:19 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1, LBHO-LAW-2
"Some critics of the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] also say that if it was fully committed to equality, it could pass a bill to reserve a third of seats in the lower house of the parliament for women before the 2024 election, as it enjoys a majority. The party declined to comment on this option" (para 16).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:04 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women" (para 1).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Indian Parliament almost unanimously passed a historic bill that would reserve one-third of the seats in the parliament’s lower chamber and state legislatures for women" (para 1).
Oct. 10, 2024, 1:33 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
Regulations say that 30% of positions in the government with decision-making power should be held by women.
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
Regulations say that 30% of positions in the government with decision-making power should be held by women.
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Women’s Agenda of the People’s United Party 2003-2008, advocated for at least 30 per cent of public office positions to be held by women but no official steps were taken to do so. The 2020 Plan Belize addressed women’s leadership but did not set quota for political leadership" (23).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Women’s Agenda of the People’s United Party 2003-2008, advocated for at least 30 per cent of public office positions to be held by women but no official steps were taken to do so. The 2020 Plan Belize addressed women’s leadership but did not set quota for political leadership" (23).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"To promote political participation by women, in 2016 the Elections and Political Parties Act was amended to address issues related to electoral financing and the holding of posts in political parties. The amendments did not include quotas to ensure parity and the rotation of power. On 5 March 2020, women deputies introduced bill No. 5708 in the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. The aim of the bill is to promote the participation and comprehensive development of Guatemalan women. It establishes that political parties must include in their bylaws effective mechanisms to promote women’s participation in intra-party election processes and as candidates for elected positions, alternating their participation with that...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"To promote political participation by women, in 2016 the Elections and Political Parties Act was amended to address issues related to electoral financing and the holding of posts in political parties. The amendments did not include quotas to ensure parity and the rotation of power. On 5 March 2020, women deputies introduced bill No. 5708 in the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. The aim of the bill is to promote the participation and comprehensive development of Guatemalan women. It establishes that political parties must include in their bylaws effective mechanisms to promote women’s participation in intra-party election processes and as candidates for elected positions, alternating their participation with that...more
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Quota Act, a parliamentary initiative, has been adopted to enable women to participate with a 30-per-cent share as candidates for decision-making posts at the policy and institutional levels" (2). "Act No. 9/2016 of 5 September 2016 sets the quotas for women and young people as candidates for political posts at 30 per cent and for women for senior government positions at 30 per cent" (12, 13). "The adoption of the Quota Act, [] specifies that women and young people should account for 30 per cent of candidates for decision-making posts" (30).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Quota Act, a parliamentary initiative, has been adopted to enable women to participate with a 30-per-cent share as candidates for decision-making posts at the policy and institutional levels" (2). "Act No. 9/2016 of 5 September 2016 sets the quotas for women and young people as candidates for political posts at 30 per cent and for women for senior government positions at 30 per cent" (12, 13). "The adoption of the Quota Act, [] specifies that women and young people should account for 30 per cent of candidates for decision-making posts" (30).
Feb. 20, 2024, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Constitutional Court decision of 24 January 2014 declared that quotas for ensuring equal representation of women in political and administrative fields were unconstitutional" (7).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Constitutional Court decision of 24 January 2014 declared that quotas for ensuring equal representation of women in political and administrative fields were unconstitutional" (7).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[Act No. 16.004] establishes a quota system for women in functions filled by election or appointment, setting the quota at 35 per cent, and providing for this quota to be increased over a period of 10 years from the date of entry into force" (33).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[Act No. 16.004] establishes a quota system for women in functions filled by election or appointment, setting the quota at 35 per cent, and providing for this quota to be increased over a period of 10 years from the date of entry into force" (33).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Special temporary measures to accelerate political participation of women are not yet in place" (17).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Special temporary measures to accelerate political participation of women are not yet in place" (17).
Nov. 6, 2023, 11:49 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
“It is stipulated under article 25 of the Law that ‘female villagers’ representatives shall constitute no less than one third of the membership of the villagers’ assembly’. The Regulations on the Election of the Villagers’ Committee, issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in May 2013, further enhanced standardized procedures and gender equity in elections of villagers’ committees by ensuring that women were among the elected members of such committees" (11).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
“It is stipulated under article 25 of the Law that ‘female villagers’ representatives shall constitute no less than one third of the membership of the villagers’ assembly’. The Regulations on the Election of the Villagers’ Committee, issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in May 2013, further enhanced standardized procedures and gender equity in elections of villagers’ committees by ensuring that women were among the elected members of such committees" (11).
Nov. 1, 2023, 6:11 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[T]he Electoral Law of the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses of the People’s Republic of China, as revised in 2015, stipulates that ‘deputies shall comprise an appropriate number of women, who shall account for an increasingly larger percentage’. It is stipulated under article 6 of the Organic Law of the Villagers’ Committees of the People’s Republic of China that ‘The members of a villagers’ committee shall include an appropriate number of women’” (11).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[T]he Electoral Law of the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses of the People’s Republic of China, as revised in 2015, stipulates that ‘deputies shall comprise an appropriate number of women, who shall account for an increasingly larger percentage’. It is stipulated under article 6 of the Organic Law of the Villagers’ Committees of the People’s Republic of China that ‘The members of a villagers’ committee shall include an appropriate number of women’” (11).
Oct. 4, 2023, 6:58 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Political Parties Act No. 22/10 of 3 December 2010 provides for a minimum of 30 per cent representation of women on the lists of political parties taking part in general elections" (9).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Political Parties Act No. 22/10 of 3 December 2010 provides for a minimum of 30 per cent representation of women on the lists of political parties taking part in general elections" (9).
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee notes with concern the absence of temporary special measures in the State party apart from electoral quotas" (7). "The Committee recommends that the State party adopt across all relevant sectors temporary special measures, such as quotas and other proactive measures, accompanied by sanctions for non-compliance, in accordance with article 4 (1) of the Convention and the Committee’s general recommendation No. 25 (2004) on temporary special measures, and in order to reach de facto equality between women and men" (7). "The Committee notes that a draft law will be presented to the National Assembly on 17 July 2019 that would provide for a minimum of 30 per cent representation...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee notes with concern the absence of temporary special measures in the State party apart from electoral quotas" (7). "The Committee recommends that the State party adopt across all relevant sectors temporary special measures, such as quotas and other proactive measures, accompanied by sanctions for non-compliance, in accordance with article 4 (1) of the Convention and the Committee’s general recommendation No. 25 (2004) on temporary special measures, and in order to reach de facto equality between women and men" (7). "The Committee notes that a draft law will be presented to the National Assembly on 17 July 2019 that would provide for a minimum of 30 per cent representation...more
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In that context, a law on parity between men and women in entirely or partially elective bodies was adopted on 28 May 2010. Compliance with this law has been subject to a judicial review, as reflected in Supreme Court Order No. 2 of 8 January 2015, in which the Administrative Chamber ordered a rerun of the election of the Kaolack municipal council elections on the grounds that the parity principle had not been observed during the election of the second deputy as mayor of the municipality." (4).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In that context, a law on parity between men and women in entirely or partially elective bodies was adopted on 28 May 2010. Compliance with this law has been subject to a judicial review, as reflected in Supreme Court Order No. 2 of 8 January 2015, in which the Administrative Chamber ordered a rerun of the election of the Kaolack municipal council elections on the grounds that the parity principle had not been observed during the election of the second deputy as mayor of the municipality." (4).
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"On the Committee’s CO regarding temporary special measures (TSMs) in the Gender Equality Act and implementation of these, including measures to address the disadvantages and inequalities faced by women outside Male and in remote islands, migrant women, women with disabilities and women heads of household, since 2008, under the leadership of the MOGFSS, efforts have been made to establish TSMs among political parties to increase women’s leadership, but with no success." (11).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"On the Committee’s CO regarding temporary special measures (TSMs) in the Gender Equality Act and implementation of these, including measures to address the disadvantages and inequalities faced by women outside Male and in remote islands, migrant women, women with disabilities and women heads of household, since 2008, under the leadership of the MOGFSS, efforts have been made to establish TSMs among political parties to increase women’s leadership, but with no success." (11).
June 27, 2023, 11:15 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"According to a 2012 law, at least 33 percent of seats in elected assemblies are reserved for women" (24).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"According to a 2012 law, at least 33 percent of seats in elected assemblies are reserved for women" (24).
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Equal Rights Act provides for equality in the exercise of political rights, including the right to elect and be elected to public office. It also establishes the need for a proportional percentage of women and men in elected positions at the national, regional and municipal levels and in the Central American Parliament. To that end, political parties must include women candidates in their lists to ensure greater democratic participation." (14). "To give effect to women’s political rights, article 82 of Act No. 790 of 2012, amending the Electoral Act (No. 331), provides that political parties or alliances must propose candidates in accordance with the principle of gender equality." (14-15)....more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Equal Rights Act provides for equality in the exercise of political rights, including the right to elect and be elected to public office. It also establishes the need for a proportional percentage of women and men in elected positions at the national, regional and municipal levels and in the Central American Parliament. To that end, political parties must include women candidates in their lists to ensure greater democratic participation." (14). "To give effect to women’s political rights, article 82 of Act No. 790 of 2012, amending the Electoral Act (No. 331), provides that political parties or alliances must propose candidates in accordance with the principle of gender equality." (14-15)....more
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Uzbekistan is taking consistent measures for the practical realization of equality between women and men; it has adopted the Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men Act, which has defined the main thrusts of State policy to ensure gender equality in all spheres of society and has established the powers of government agencies and the forms of participation of civil society institutions in this area. The Act established the Gender Equality Commission, which: participates in the development and implementation of State programmes to ensure...measures to increase women’s public and sociopolitical activity on an equal basis with men..."(10). "The Act allows for the establishment of temporary special measures...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Uzbekistan is taking consistent measures for the practical realization of equality between women and men; it has adopted the Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men Act, which has defined the main thrusts of State policy to ensure gender equality in all spheres of society and has established the powers of government agencies and the forms of participation of civil society institutions in this area. The Act established the Gender Equality Commission, which: participates in the development and implementation of State programmes to ensure...measures to increase women’s public and sociopolitical activity on an equal basis with men..."(10). "The Act allows for the establishment of temporary special measures...more
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[The constitution provides] affirmative action targeting the goal of having 30 per cent of election candidates and members of the national parliament to be women" (8).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"[The constitution provides] affirmative action targeting the goal of having 30 per cent of election candidates and members of the national parliament to be women" (8).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"During the 2020 parliamentary elections, the largest number of parties complied only with the legal minimum related to the number of women on the candidate lists" (16). "In 2017, politicians from 16 political parties, both ruling and the opposition ones, founded the Women’s Political Network (WPM) with the aim of working to promote gender equality in Montenegro. Their request to amend the Law on the Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament, submitted to the Committee for Comprehensive Reform of Electoral Legislation, was to increase the quota for the underrepresented sex to 40 per cent, with at least 1 woman in every 3 candidates on the list and to retain...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"During the 2020 parliamentary elections, the largest number of parties complied only with the legal minimum related to the number of women on the candidate lists" (16). "In 2017, politicians from 16 political parties, both ruling and the opposition ones, founded the Women’s Political Network (WPM) with the aim of working to promote gender equality in Montenegro. Their request to amend the Law on the Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament, submitted to the Committee for Comprehensive Reform of Electoral Legislation, was to increase the quota for the underrepresented sex to 40 per cent, with at least 1 woman in every 3 candidates on the list and to retain...more
March 3, 2023, 11:15 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"...Nigeria’s male-dominant parliament struck down a bill last March that sought to mandate a compulsory 35 percent female quota in parliament, and another 35 percent quota for female candidates nominated by political parties. Despite fiery protests by women who camped at Parliament and promises of a review, nothing has changed" (Para. 11).
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"...Nigeria’s male-dominant parliament struck down a bill last March that sought to mandate a compulsory 35 percent female quota in parliament, and another 35 percent quota for female candidates nominated by political parties. Despite fiery protests by women who camped at Parliament and promises of a review, nothing has changed" (Para. 11).
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Constitution guarantees women’s right to participate in all structures and bodies on the basis of the principle of proportional inclusion. The Constitution ensures mandatory representation of women in at least one third of total members elected from each political party in Federal Parliament. In the formation of National Assembly, out of 56 members, at least 21 members (at least 3 from one province) come from women. The Constitution provisions for representation of women in Village Executive at 26.66% (4 out of 15 members) and 26.31% (5 women out of 19 members) in Municipal Executive. The GoN has submitted an amendment Bill on Local Bodies’ Election (Procedure) Act, 1991 in...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Constitution guarantees women’s right to participate in all structures and bodies on the basis of the principle of proportional inclusion. The Constitution ensures mandatory representation of women in at least one third of total members elected from each political party in Federal Parliament. In the formation of National Assembly, out of 56 members, at least 21 members (at least 3 from one province) come from women. The Constitution provisions for representation of women in Village Executive at 26.66% (4 out of 15 members) and 26.31% (5 women out of 19 members) in Municipal Executive. The GoN has submitted an amendment Bill on Local Bodies’ Election (Procedure) Act, 1991 in...more
Feb. 6, 2023, 12:07 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms Discrimination against Women] notes the legislative provisions that no more than 70 per cent of candidates or members should be of the same sex, in the Zhogorku Kenesh, political parties, local councils and the courts, and the 30 per cent quota for women’s representation in local councils" (4). "The Committee notes the introduction of a minimum quota of 30 per cent for the representation of women on local councils. However, it notes with concern...[t]he low representation of women in the Zhogorku Kenesh (15 per cent) and in local councils, and the introduction of the mixed electoral system, which will lower the quota...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms Discrimination against Women] notes the legislative provisions that no more than 70 per cent of candidates or members should be of the same sex, in the Zhogorku Kenesh, political parties, local councils and the courts, and the 30 per cent quota for women’s representation in local councils" (4). "The Committee notes the introduction of a minimum quota of 30 per cent for the representation of women on local councils. However, it notes with concern...[t]he low representation of women in the Zhogorku Kenesh (15 per cent) and in local councils, and the introduction of the mixed electoral system, which will lower the quota...more
Feb. 4, 2023, 6:14 p.m.
Countries: Namibia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Namibia has made notable gains in enhancing women representation in National Assembly. In 2014 National Elections, women representation increased from 25% to 46% – notable to this achievement is primarily the amendment to the Constitution of the ruling party SWAPO, requiring a 'zebra list' quota system altering male and female candidates on the party list" (26). "The state party acknowledges the need for amending the Electoral Act with the view of attaining 50/50 representation of both men and women in politics and decision making positions. In order to achieve this, MGECW continues to lobby law makers through advocacy and tabling of a motion to this effect in Parliament." (28).more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"Namibia has made notable gains in enhancing women representation in National Assembly. In 2014 National Elections, women representation increased from 25% to 46% – notable to this achievement is primarily the amendment to the Constitution of the ruling party SWAPO, requiring a 'zebra list' quota system altering male and female candidates on the party list" (26). "The state party acknowledges the need for amending the Electoral Act with the view of attaining 50/50 representation of both men and women in politics and decision making positions. In order to achieve this, MGECW continues to lobby law makers through advocacy and tabling of a motion to this effect in Parliament." (28).more
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In particular, it welcomes the establishment, in 2011, of a 35 per cent quota in supervisory boards of State-owned and State-related enterprises with a 50 per cent share or more held by the federal State" (5). "The Committee welcomes the measures adopted by the State party to advance the participation of women in political and public life and the introduction by political parties of voluntary gender quotas into their nomination processes, resulting in an increase in the representation of women in the parliament. Nevertheless, it remains concerned that the State party has not adopted statutory minimum quota for the representation of women on the electoral rolls of political parties at...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In particular, it welcomes the establishment, in 2011, of a 35 per cent quota in supervisory boards of State-owned and State-related enterprises with a 50 per cent share or more held by the federal State" (5). "The Committee welcomes the measures adopted by the State party to advance the participation of women in political and public life and the introduction by political parties of voluntary gender quotas into their nomination processes, resulting in an increase in the representation of women in the parliament. Nevertheless, it remains concerned that the State party has not adopted statutory minimum quota for the representation of women on the electoral rolls of political parties at...more
Jan. 12, 2023, 8:01 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In 2021, the government additionally passed a law enshrining women’s representation at parliamentary level, which was vehemently condemned by the opposition. All electoral lists, from local councils to the National Assembly, must now comprise 50 percent women. The percentage of congresswomen now stands at 48.4. For comparison, Canada is only at 28.9 percent" (para 19)
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In 2021, the government additionally passed a law enshrining women’s representation at parliamentary level, which was vehemently condemned by the opposition. All electoral lists, from local councils to the National Assembly, must now comprise 50 percent women. The percentage of congresswomen now stands at 48.4. For comparison, Canada is only at 28.9 percent" (para 19)
July 6, 2022, 10:35 a.m.
Countries: Djibouti
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In the most recent legislative elections, as a result of the 2018 amended law on quotas, which raises the mandated proportion of women from 10 to 25 per cent, the number of women in the National Assembly increased. In fact, the number of women parliamentarians has risen from 9 to 17 (26 per cent), including one vice-president, chairpersons of standing committees, among them the Committee on Law and Human Rights, and a former Minister for Women. These developments clearly demonstrate that the State party considers issues related to gender to be of major concern" (9). "Specific measures adopted by the Government as part of a strategy to accelerate the achievement...more
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"In the most recent legislative elections, as a result of the 2018 amended law on quotas, which raises the mandated proportion of women from 10 to 25 per cent, the number of women in the National Assembly increased. In fact, the number of women parliamentarians has risen from 9 to 17 (26 per cent), including one vice-president, chairpersons of standing committees, among them the Committee on Law and Human Rights, and a former Minister for Women. These developments clearly demonstrate that the State party considers issues related to gender to be of major concern" (9). "Specific measures adopted by the Government as part of a strategy to accelerate the achievement...more