Latest items for IRP-LAW-2
May 23, 2024, 1:38 p.m.
Countries: Georgia
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1, IRP-LAW-2
"Some officials in this nascent democracy have a relatively progressive attitude to sex work, and a number of NGOs work hard to offer support to sex workers" (para 3).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1, IRP-LAW-2
"Some officials in this nascent democracy have a relatively progressive attitude to sex work, and a number of NGOs work hard to offer support to sex workers" (para 3).
May 9, 2024, 12:31 p.m.
Countries: Niger
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex is legal but soliciting in a public place is illegal. Is buying sex criminalised? No. Is organising/managing criminalised? Yes, aiding and assisting the 'prostitution' of another is illegal, as is living on the earnings/living with a person in 'prostitution', acting as an intermediary, hiring, training or maintaining a person involved in 'prostitution'. Brothel-keeping and knowingly allowing sex workers to solicit inside any premises (e.g. hotel, bar etc.) also criminalised.
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex is legal but soliciting in a public place is illegal. Is buying sex criminalised? No. Is organising/managing criminalised? Yes, aiding and assisting the 'prostitution' of another is illegal, as is living on the earnings/living with a person in 'prostitution', acting as an intermediary, hiring, training or maintaining a person involved in 'prostitution'. Brothel-keeping and knowingly allowing sex workers to solicit inside any premises (e.g. hotel, bar etc.) also criminalised.
March 16, 2024, 4:05 p.m.
Countries: Trinidad/Tobago
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"Are there travel restrictions that apply only or specifically to sex workers? Immigration law gives right to refuse entry if reasonable belief that coming to country for the 'purposes of prostitution'" (para 6).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"Are there travel restrictions that apply only or specifically to sex workers? Immigration law gives right to refuse entry if reasonable belief that coming to country for the 'purposes of prostitution'" (para 6).
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:34 a.m.
Countries: South Africa
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The bill, which has been published for public comment, only deals with decriminalisation and does not regulate the sex industry - something Lamola said would follow at a later stage" (para 12).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The bill, which has been published for public comment, only deals with decriminalisation and does not regulate the sex industry - something Lamola said would follow at a later stage" (para 12).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"Immigration laws have no provision addressing trafficking" (16). "The Government in collaboration with civil society organisations continue to implement comprehensive empowerment programmes including life skills, technical skills, business management and financial assistance for income generating projects to enhance opportunities for employment creation for women. These facilitate reintegration of commercial sex workers into society” (16).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"Immigration laws have no provision addressing trafficking" (16). "The Government in collaboration with civil society organisations continue to implement comprehensive empowerment programmes including life skills, technical skills, business management and financial assistance for income generating projects to enhance opportunities for employment creation for women. These facilitate reintegration of commercial sex workers into society” (16).
Dec. 11, 2023, 7:44 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The government did not report any efforts to prevent trafficking. Government oppression in the DPRK prompted North Koreans to flee the country in ways that heightened their risk of trafficking in destination countries. The government made no efforts to raise awareness of human trafficking. The government did not make efforts to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts, nor did it provide anti-trafficking training to its diplomatic personnel" (para 15).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The government did not report any efforts to prevent trafficking. Government oppression in the DPRK prompted North Koreans to flee the country in ways that heightened their risk of trafficking in destination countries. The government made no efforts to raise awareness of human trafficking. The government did not make efforts to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts, nor did it provide anti-trafficking training to its diplomatic personnel" (para 15).
Nov. 21, 2023, 5:30 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: IRP-LAW-2, IRP-LAW-4
"Vulnerable sex workers are being forced to service clients day and night out of seedy hotel rooms as international sex traffickers operate with impunity in Australia by abusing the nation's weak visa rules" (para. 1). We can assume that since they are operating with impunity, the victims are not getting any help (MD - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2, IRP-LAW-4
"Vulnerable sex workers are being forced to service clients day and night out of seedy hotel rooms as international sex traffickers operate with impunity in Australia by abusing the nation's weak visa rules" (para. 1). We can assume that since they are operating with impunity, the victims are not getting any help (MD - CODER COMMENT).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"[T]he law does not provide protection for asylum seekers" (9).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"[T]he law does not provide protection for asylum seekers" (9).
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the adoption of Law No. 2016-1111 of 8 December 2016 on the suppression of trafficking in persons and the ongoing development on a national action plan for the period 2016–2020. It notes with concern, however, the high number of women and girls who are victims of trafficking and of exploitation of prostitution in the State party. The Committee is further concerned about the following: c) The lack of measures to protect women and girls in prostitution and the absence of policies and exit programmes for women who wish to leave prostitution" (9). "The Committee recommends that the State party, in line with target 5.2 of the Sustainable...more
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the adoption of Law No. 2016-1111 of 8 December 2016 on the suppression of trafficking in persons and the ongoing development on a national action plan for the period 2016–2020. It notes with concern, however, the high number of women and girls who are victims of trafficking and of exploitation of prostitution in the State party. The Committee is further concerned about the following: c) The lack of measures to protect women and girls in prostitution and the absence of policies and exit programmes for women who wish to leave prostitution" (9). "The Committee recommends that the State party, in line with target 5.2 of the Sustainable...more
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"While laws do allow for someone selling sex to be prosecuted, this is only in cases where there is evidence of no coercion into the sex trade, which is rare. In those rare instances where the sex worker does not appear to have been coerced into the sex trade, the PGO will not prosecute if there is any evidence that the individual has mental instability, has faced abuse himself or herself, and is in dire economic circumstance." (17).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"While laws do allow for someone selling sex to be prosecuted, this is only in cases where there is evidence of no coercion into the sex trade, which is rare. In those rare instances where the sex worker does not appear to have been coerced into the sex trade, the PGO will not prosecute if there is any evidence that the individual has mental instability, has faced abuse himself or herself, and is in dire economic circumstance." (17).
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"In accordance with the international human rights instruments to which Nicaragua is a party, humanitarian visas may be granted to persons whose human rights have been violated and to victims of trafficking in persons, particularly women and children." (18).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"In accordance with the international human rights instruments to which Nicaragua is a party, humanitarian visas may be granted to persons whose human rights have been violated and to victims of trafficking in persons, particularly women and children." (18).
April 19, 2023, 6:17 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1, IRP-LAW-2
"China - an ally of sorts - does not recognise North Korean refugee status and repatriates those who flee, where back home they are labelled 'traitors' and face forced labour, imprisonment without trial, and in some cases the death penalty. Unable to turn to the authorities for help, victims fleeing the North Korean regime are increasingly susceptible to criminal organisations who would exploit their situation for profit. Sofia Evangelou, North Korea Lead Legal Advisor for Global Rights Compliance, told MailOnline: 'For North Korean people to escape North Korea... the only way to do that is by receiving support from brokers. 'Many of them... deceive people, or take advantage of the...more
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1, IRP-LAW-2
"China - an ally of sorts - does not recognise North Korean refugee status and repatriates those who flee, where back home they are labelled 'traitors' and face forced labour, imprisonment without trial, and in some cases the death penalty. Unable to turn to the authorities for help, victims fleeing the North Korean regime are increasingly susceptible to criminal organisations who would exploit their situation for profit. Sofia Evangelou, North Korea Lead Legal Advisor for Global Rights Compliance, told MailOnline: 'For North Korean people to escape North Korea... the only way to do that is by receiving support from brokers. 'Many of them... deceive people, or take advantage of the...more
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2
"[The Proclamation for the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants (Proclamation No. 909/2015)] provides for immunity for victims of trafficking and smuggling in order to encourage victims to report offences and collaborate with the prosecutor in providing evidence. It also envisages support services including safe return, reuniting with their families as well as integrating them into society. The law also establishes a Fund to prevent and rehabilitate victims with sources such as Government budget, proceeds of properties confiscated from perpetrators as well as grants and voluntary contributions" (10).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2
"[The Proclamation for the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants (Proclamation No. 909/2015)] provides for immunity for victims of trafficking and smuggling in order to encourage victims to report offences and collaborate with the prosecutor in providing evidence. It also envisages support services including safe return, reuniting with their families as well as integrating them into society. The law also establishes a Fund to prevent and rehabilitate victims with sources such as Government budget, proceeds of properties confiscated from perpetrators as well as grants and voluntary contributions" (10).
Feb. 5, 2023, 8 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"One of the claims about the New Zealand model that we often hear is that it recognizes ‘sex workers’ as workers, which means they are covered by employment law and have the same rights and protections as workers in other industries. What this actually means is that prostituted women gain another pimp – the Inland Revenue Department, who wants to take a cut of the profit that pimps make in selling people for sexual use. In brothels we aren’t covered by employment law because we fall awkwardly between definitions of employees and independent contractors. It’s disputed whose responsibility it is to pay the taxes and levies – whether that’s the...more
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"One of the claims about the New Zealand model that we often hear is that it recognizes ‘sex workers’ as workers, which means they are covered by employment law and have the same rights and protections as workers in other industries. What this actually means is that prostituted women gain another pimp – the Inland Revenue Department, who wants to take a cut of the profit that pimps make in selling people for sexual use. In brothels we aren’t covered by employment law because we fall awkwardly between definitions of employees and independent contractors. It’s disputed whose responsibility it is to pay the taxes and levies – whether that’s the...more
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2013 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports (CEDAW/C/AUT/7-8) in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the following:...(g) Fifth national action plan to combat trafficking in persons, in which asylum seekers and unaccompanied minors are identified as potential victims of trafficking, in 2018" (1-2). "The Committee recommends that the State party:... (e) Revise immigration policies to ensure that laws and policies on the deportation of foreign women are not applied in a discriminatory manner, do not deter migrants, refugees and asylum seekers from reporting crimes of trafficking and do not undermine efforts to prevent trafficking in persons, identify...more
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2013 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports (CEDAW/C/AUT/7-8) in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the following:...(g) Fifth national action plan to combat trafficking in persons, in which asylum seekers and unaccompanied minors are identified as potential victims of trafficking, in 2018" (1-2). "The Committee recommends that the State party:... (e) Revise immigration policies to ensure that laws and policies on the deportation of foreign women are not applied in a discriminatory manner, do not deter migrants, refugees and asylum seekers from reporting crimes of trafficking and do not undermine efforts to prevent trafficking in persons, identify...more
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee notes with concern that:... (f) the structural violence and exclusion faced by foreign women in prostitution, in particular those in an irregular situation, and the lack of measures taken by the State party to provide exit programmes and alternative income -generating opportunities to women who wish to leave prostitution" (6-7). "The committee recommends that the State Party:...(g) Regularly review the situation of foreign women who are engaged in prostitution, in order to protect them, and strengthen the assistance provided to women and girls who wish to leave prostitution, including by providing exit programmes and alternative income-generating opportunities" (7).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee notes with concern that:... (f) the structural violence and exclusion faced by foreign women in prostitution, in particular those in an irregular situation, and the lack of measures taken by the State party to provide exit programmes and alternative income -generating opportunities to women who wish to leave prostitution" (6-7). "The committee recommends that the State Party:...(g) Regularly review the situation of foreign women who are engaged in prostitution, in order to protect them, and strengthen the assistance provided to women and girls who wish to leave prostitution, including by providing exit programmes and alternative income-generating opportunities" (7).
April 17, 2022, 12:06 a.m.
Countries: Sweden
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to improve its institutional and policy framework aimed at accelerating the elimination of discrimination against women and promoting gender equality, such as the adoption or establishment of the following: The action plan to combat prostitution and trafficking in human beings, in 2018" (2).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to improve its institutional and policy framework aimed at accelerating the elimination of discrimination against women and promoting gender equality, such as the adoption or establishment of the following: The action plan to combat prostitution and trafficking in human beings, in 2018" (2).
March 10, 2022, 10:53 p.m.
Countries: Lebanon
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for the granting of asylum or refugee status" (22).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for the granting of asylum or refugee status" (22).
Feb. 28, 2022, 3:29 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"Bermuda’s constitution and laws do not provide for granting asylum or refugee status, and the government does not have an established system for providing protection to refugees" (10).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"Bermuda’s constitution and laws do not provide for granting asylum or refugee status, and the government does not have an established system for providing protection to refugees" (10).
Jan. 24, 2022, 1:07 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for the granting of asylum or refugee status, and the government has not established a system for providing protection to refugees" (33).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for the granting of asylum or refugee status, and the government has not established a system for providing protection to refugees" (33).
Jan. 10, 2022, 10:08 a.m.
Countries: Philippines
Variables: IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"No comprehensive legislation provides for granting refugee status or asylum. The Department of Justice’s Refugee and Stateless Persons Protections Unit (RSPPU) determines which applicants qualify as refugees in accordance with an established, accessible system that appeared to provide basic due process" (19-20).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"No comprehensive legislation provides for granting refugee status or asylum. The Department of Justice’s Refugee and Stateless Persons Protections Unit (RSPPU) determines which applicants qualify as refugees in accordance with an established, accessible system that appeared to provide basic due process" (19-20).
Dec. 27, 2021, 10:10 a.m.
Countries: Taiwan
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status, and authorities have not established a system for providing protection to refugees... All PRC citizens unlawfully present are required by law to be returned to the PRC, although Taiwan allows PRC asylum seekers to remain in Taiwan on a case-bycase basis" (8).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status, and authorities have not established a system for providing protection to refugees... All PRC citizens unlawfully present are required by law to be returned to the PRC, although Taiwan allows PRC asylum seekers to remain in Taiwan on a case-bycase basis" (8).
Nov. 17, 2021, 8:27 p.m.
Countries: Singapore
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status" (17).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status" (17).
Nov. 15, 2021, 7:25 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"NGOs and independent observers identified difficulties in asylum procedures, including inconsistency of standards applied in reception centers and insufficient referral rates of trafficking victims and unaccompanied minors to adequate services" (11). This suggests that women are potentially granted asylum in cases of trafficking but that services available may not be adequate or widely available (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"NGOs and independent observers identified difficulties in asylum procedures, including inconsistency of standards applied in reception centers and insufficient referral rates of trafficking victims and unaccompanied minors to adequate services" (11). This suggests that women are potentially granted asylum in cases of trafficking but that services available may not be adequate or widely available (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 9, 2021, 11:34 a.m.
Countries: Turkey
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-PRACTICE-1
"Istanbul, along with 14 other provinces, stopped registering asylum seekers in 2018, with the exception of those in a few categories such as newborn children and some specialized medical cases and family reunification instances" (42).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-PRACTICE-1
"Istanbul, along with 14 other provinces, stopped registering asylum seekers in 2018, with the exception of those in a few categories such as newborn children and some specialized medical cases and family reunification instances" (42).
Nov. 8, 2021, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The law provides for the granting of asylum or refugee status, and the government has established a system for providing protection to refugees. The country has bilateral return agreements with Morocco and Algeria. Authorities review asylum petitions individually, and there is an established appeals process available to rejected petitioners. The law permits any foreigner in the country who is a victim of gender-based violence or of trafficking in persons to file a complaint at a police station without fear of deportation, even if that individual is in the country illegally..." (10).
Variables: IRP-LAW-2
"The law provides for the granting of asylum or refugee status, and the government has established a system for providing protection to refugees. The country has bilateral return agreements with Morocco and Algeria. Authorities review asylum petitions individually, and there is an established appeals process available to rejected petitioners. The law permits any foreigner in the country who is a victim of gender-based violence or of trafficking in persons to file a complaint at a police station without fear of deportation, even if that individual is in the country illegally..." (10).
Oct. 25, 2021, 2:40 p.m.
Countries: Vietnam
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status, and the government has not established a system for providing protection to refugees" (25).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status, and the government has not established a system for providing protection to refugees" (25).
Oct. 18, 2021, 6:06 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"OFPRA stated that priority attention [for asylum] was given to female victims of violence, persons persecuted on the basis of their sexual orientation, victims of human trafficking, unaccompanied minors, and victims of torture" (14).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2, AW-LAW-1
"OFPRA stated that priority attention [for asylum] was given to female victims of violence, persons persecuted on the basis of their sexual orientation, victims of human trafficking, unaccompanied minors, and victims of torture" (14).
Oct. 12, 2021, 8:55 a.m.
Countries: Germany
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2
"The government accepted for resettlement and facilitated the local integration (including naturalization) of refugees who had fled their countries of origin, particularly for refugees belonging to vulnerable groups. Such groups included women with children, refugees with disabilities, victims of trafficking in persons, and victims of torture or rape. Authorities granted residence permits to long-term migrants, asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants who could not return to their countries of origin" (17).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2
"The government accepted for resettlement and facilitated the local integration (including naturalization) of refugees who had fled their countries of origin, particularly for refugees belonging to vulnerable groups. Such groups included women with children, refugees with disabilities, victims of trafficking in persons, and victims of torture or rape. Authorities granted residence permits to long-term migrants, asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants who could not return to their countries of origin" (17).
Sept. 21, 2021, 2:40 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status" (17).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3, IRP-LAW-2
"The law does not provide for granting asylum or refugee status" (17).