Latest items for INFIB-LAW-1
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). “Finally, in 2015 Nigeria adopted the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015, which is an important step towards combating gender-based violence, including violence within the home. In particular, the Act should be applauded for prohibiting female genital mutilation” (65).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). “Finally, in 2015 Nigeria adopted the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015, which is an important step towards combating gender-based violence, including violence within the home. In particular, the Act should be applauded for prohibiting female genital mutilation” (65).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:09 p.m.
Countries: Gambia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). “In 2010 The Gambia adopted the Women’s Act to domesticate CEDAW and the Maputo Protocol. The Act is the result of a comprehensive review of relevant legislation and consolidates all laws relating to women’s rights in The Gambia. The Act seeks to implement the legal provisions of the National Policy for the Advancement of Gambian Women and Girls and provides for equal rights for women in marriage, divorce, custody, inheritance, and maintenance issues. In 2015, following the recommendations of the CEDAW...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). “In 2010 The Gambia adopted the Women’s Act to domesticate CEDAW and the Maputo Protocol. The Act is the result of a comprehensive review of relevant legislation and consolidates all laws relating to women’s rights in The Gambia. The Act seeks to implement the legal provisions of the National Policy for the Advancement of Gambian Women and Girls and provides for equal rights for women in marriage, divorce, custody, inheritance, and maintenance issues. In 2015, following the recommendations of the CEDAW...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-1
“The Criminal Act prohibits rape, though marital rape is not prohibited and women in Muslim marriages are expected to obey their husbands. The Penal Code prohibits female genital mutilation” (77).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-1
“The Criminal Act prohibits rape, though marital rape is not prohibited and women in Muslim marriages are expected to obey their husbands. The Penal Code prohibits female genital mutilation” (77).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:07 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). ”South Sudan has however adopted legislation to combat violence against women and certain harmful practices. The Penal Code prohibits rape, female genital mutilation, and forced marriage. In addition, the Child’s Act prohibits early marriage, though no specific minimum age for marriage is provided in the Act or the Constitution. The Constitution states that every person of marriageable age has the right to marry according to their respective family laws - which has serious implications on child marriage since certain community customs...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). ”South Sudan has however adopted legislation to combat violence against women and certain harmful practices. The Penal Code prohibits rape, female genital mutilation, and forced marriage. In addition, the Child’s Act prohibits early marriage, though no specific minimum age for marriage is provided in the Act or the Constitution. The Constitution states that every person of marriageable age has the right to marry according to their respective family laws - which has serious implications on child marriage since certain community customs...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:04 p.m.
Countries: South Africa
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:58 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). ”Kenya has also adopted several pieces of legislation to combat child marriage, female genital mutilation, and violence against women, including domestic violence. This legislation accords with Kenya’s international obligations and is commendable, however, due to low levels of enforcement, child marriage, and female genital mutilation in particular remain relatively common in Kenya” (57).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). ”Kenya has also adopted several pieces of legislation to combat child marriage, female genital mutilation, and violence against women, including domestic violence. This legislation accords with Kenya’s international obligations and is commendable, however, due to low levels of enforcement, child marriage, and female genital mutilation in particular remain relatively common in Kenya” (57).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:57 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws" (13). “While Ethiopia has a plural legal system, religious and customary law is significantly constrained by legislative and constitutional provisions. Ethiopia has banned female genital mutilation and legislated against violence against women” (54).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws" (13). “While Ethiopia has a plural legal system, religious and customary law is significantly constrained by legislative and constitutional provisions. Ethiopia has banned female genital mutilation and legislated against violence against women” (54).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:54 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). “The Preamble of the 2016 Constitution of Côte d’Ivoire expresses the government's commitment to ‘promote equality between men and women’, amongst others. Article 4 of the Constitution on equality provides for non-discrimination on the basis of, amongst others, sex. Article 5 further prohibits practices such as ‘female genital mutilation as well as all other forms of degradation of a human being’. Concerning family, Article 5 protects the family as the basic unit of society. Article 31 also provides for special protection...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“Countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, and The Gambia have prohibited female genital mutilation through their constitutions, penal codes, and statutory laws” (13). “The Preamble of the 2016 Constitution of Côte d’Ivoire expresses the government's commitment to ‘promote equality between men and women’, amongst others. Article 4 of the Constitution on equality provides for non-discrimination on the basis of, amongst others, sex. Article 5 further prohibits practices such as ‘female genital mutilation as well as all other forms of degradation of a human being’. Concerning family, Article 5 protects the family as the basic unit of society. Article 31 also provides for special protection...more
March 11, 2026, 12:22 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"FGM is illegal under US law, yet the practice seems to follow Somali women to America" (para 10).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"FGM is illegal under US law, yet the practice seems to follow Somali women to America" (para 10).
Oct. 25, 2025, 6:08 p.m.
Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"In a historic act, [Kadijatu Allieu, a girl from Sierra Leone] brought her case to West Africa’s highest court, and the judges JUST ruled that female genital mutilation (FGM) is a form of torture and Sierra Leone must ban it. Sierra Leone’s President Bio is sympathetic, but Parliament is blocking. Now it’s up to his leadership to push the ban through" (para 2-3).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"In a historic act, [Kadijatu Allieu, a girl from Sierra Leone] brought her case to West Africa’s highest court, and the judges JUST ruled that female genital mutilation (FGM) is a form of torture and Sierra Leone must ban it. Sierra Leone’s President Bio is sympathetic, but Parliament is blocking. Now it’s up to his leadership to push the ban through" (para 2-3).
Oct. 24, 2025, 9:07 p.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"While [female genital mutilation is] punishable under Canadian criminal law, Statistics Canada estimates between 95,000 to 161,000 women and girls living in Canada are either survivors or at risk of female genital mutilation" (para 6).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"While [female genital mutilation is] punishable under Canadian criminal law, Statistics Canada estimates between 95,000 to 161,000 women and girls living in Canada are either survivors or at risk of female genital mutilation" (para 6).
Oct. 23, 2025, 9:50 a.m.
Countries: Djibouti
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The law prohibited female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), but it was prevalent. The government enforced the law when cases were reported to authorities" (3).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The law prohibited female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), but it was prevalent. The government enforced the law when cases were reported to authorities" (3).
Aug. 31, 2025, 9:08 a.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
“The law prohibits FGM/C for girls and women, but the practice remained widespread, particularly in rural areas. By law FGM/C may be prosecuted as a form of assault, and charges may be brought against the parents of victims, medical practitioners, or others involved. Nevertheless, lack of specific penalties hindered prosecution, and authorities prosecuted no cases during the year” (Page 15).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
“The law prohibits FGM/C for girls and women, but the practice remained widespread, particularly in rural areas. By law FGM/C may be prosecuted as a form of assault, and charges may be brought against the parents of victims, medical practitioners, or others involved. Nevertheless, lack of specific penalties hindered prosecution, and authorities prosecuted no cases during the year” (Page 15).
Aug. 29, 2025, 8:58 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Law No. 98/757 of December 23, 1998 prohibits female genital mutilation (FGM), providing penalties ranging from 1 to 5 years imprisonment and fines for any assault on a woman’s genital organs. If the victim dies as a result of the procedure, the penalty increases to 5 to 20 years imprisonment. In cases where medical professionals are involved in the practice, they may face up to 5 years suspension from practicing medicine" (Para 3).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Law No. 98/757 of December 23, 1998 prohibits female genital mutilation (FGM), providing penalties ranging from 1 to 5 years imprisonment and fines for any assault on a woman’s genital organs. If the victim dies as a result of the procedure, the penalty increases to 5 to 20 years imprisonment. In cases where medical professionals are involved in the practice, they may face up to 5 years suspension from practicing medicine" (Para 3).
April 17, 2025, 6:22 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The maximum sentence she faces is 14 years in jail" (para 12). "Noor, of Edgware, north-west London, pleaded not guilty, but was convicted of assisting a non-UK citizen to mutilate the genitals of a girl contrary to the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003" (para 46). "Female genital mutilation has been a specific offence in the UK since the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985. The 1985 Act was replaced by the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003. It now includes assisting and taking children abroad to be cut. Carrying out FGM currently carries a maximum prison sentence of 14 years" (para 47-50).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The maximum sentence she faces is 14 years in jail" (para 12). "Noor, of Edgware, north-west London, pleaded not guilty, but was convicted of assisting a non-UK citizen to mutilate the genitals of a girl contrary to the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003" (para 46). "Female genital mutilation has been a specific offence in the UK since the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985. The 1985 Act was replaced by the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003. It now includes assisting and taking children abroad to be cut. Carrying out FGM currently carries a maximum prison sentence of 14 years" (para 47-50).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"In 2014, Minister of Health issued Regulation No. 6/2014, contained of Revocation of Ministry of Health Regulation No.1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010 regarding the implementation of FGM/C thus reallowing health providers to performed FGM/C with special method" (4).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"In 2014, Minister of Health issued Regulation No. 6/2014, contained of Revocation of Ministry of Health Regulation No.1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010 regarding the implementation of FGM/C thus reallowing health providers to performed FGM/C with special method" (4).
April 9, 2025, 10:24 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"As per the MoGFSS [Ministry of Gender, Family and Social Services], the ministry used to include religious scholars on related awareness sessions, however the lack of availability of scholars and funding was noted as an obstacle to continue such programs" (7).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"As per the MoGFSS [Ministry of Gender, Family and Social Services], the ministry used to include religious scholars on related awareness sessions, however the lack of availability of scholars and funding was noted as an obstacle to continue such programs" (7).
April 3, 2025, 9:02 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, MARR-LAW-1, FSCB-LAW-1
"New criminal offences related to gender based violence are, as follows: female genital mutilation, forced sterilization, stalking, sexual extortion, and sexual harassment, as well as forced marriage" (7).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, MARR-LAW-1, FSCB-LAW-1
"New criminal offences related to gender based violence are, as follows: female genital mutilation, forced sterilization, stalking, sexual extortion, and sexual harassment, as well as forced marriage" (7).
March 28, 2025, 2:51 p.m.
Countries: Gambia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, SEGI-PRACTICE-1
“In The Gambia religious leaders have demanded that legislators revoke a 2015 law banning female genital mutilation. They reacted after three women in the northern village of Bakadagi were found guilty of mutilating eight infant girls in 2023, the first major conviction under the law” (para 20).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, SEGI-PRACTICE-1
“In The Gambia religious leaders have demanded that legislators revoke a 2015 law banning female genital mutilation. They reacted after three women in the northern village of Bakadagi were found guilty of mutilating eight infant girls in 2023, the first major conviction under the law” (para 20).
March 27, 2025, 7:43 p.m.
Countries: Burkina Faso
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, SEGI-PRACTICE-1, NGOFW-DATA-1
"In Burkina Faso, the country that has seen the sharpest decline, criminalization of the procedure and strong support from top political figures has helped push the change, said Mariam Lamizana, president of an anticutting organization called Voix de Femmes in Ouagadougou, the capital" (para 10).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, SEGI-PRACTICE-1, NGOFW-DATA-1
"In Burkina Faso, the country that has seen the sharpest decline, criminalization of the procedure and strong support from top political figures has helped push the change, said Mariam Lamizana, president of an anticutting organization called Voix de Femmes in Ouagadougou, the capital" (para 10).
March 20, 2025, 1:55 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The Mauritanian regulations which provide legal protection for the child, punishes perpetrators of FGM only when it 'causes harm'. In addition, the law does not protect adult women from FGM" (3).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The Mauritanian regulations which provide legal protection for the child, punishes perpetrators of FGM only when it 'causes harm'. In addition, the law does not protect adult women from FGM" (3).
March 19, 2025, 11:07 p.m.
Countries: Uganda
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, DV-LAW-1
"These include: the 2010 law on Domestic Violence and the 2011 Domestic Violence regulations, the anti-Female Genital Mutilation Act of 2010 among others" (1-2).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, DV-LAW-1
"These include: the 2010 law on Domestic Violence and the 2011 Domestic Violence regulations, the anti-Female Genital Mutilation Act of 2010 among others" (1-2).
March 19, 2025, 10:12 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Despite the criminalization of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Kurdistan in 2011, FGM continues to be practised on girls and women" (4). "Due to the fact that FGM has become illegal and bears criminal consequences, the practice has now gone underground. The federal government of Iraq does not have any legislation dealing with the issue of FGM, denying even its existence outside the Kurdistan region" (4).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Despite the criminalization of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Kurdistan in 2011, FGM continues to be practised on girls and women" (4). "Due to the fact that FGM has become illegal and bears criminal consequences, the practice has now gone underground. The federal government of Iraq does not have any legislation dealing with the issue of FGM, denying even its existence outside the Kurdistan region" (4).
March 11, 2025, 9:50 p.m.
Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2, SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"In neighbouring Sierra Leone, where 83% of women aged 15 to 49 have undergone FGM, the Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa and a coalition of 26 feminist movement organisations recently filed two legal cases against the government to compel ministers to enact a law" (para 14).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2, SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"In neighbouring Sierra Leone, where 83% of women aged 15 to 49 have undergone FGM, the Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa and a coalition of 26 feminist movement organisations recently filed two legal cases against the government to compel ministers to enact a law" (para 14).
March 11, 2025, 9:47 p.m.
Countries: Gambia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Political and religious leaders in the Gambia are threatening to introduce a bill to decriminalise female genital mutilation, eight years after the practice was outlawed" (para 1). "Under the current law in the Gambia, a person convicted of performing FGM faces up to three years in prison, a fine of 50,000 dalasi (£622), or both. Where FGM leads to death, the perpetrator could face life imprisonment" (para 7).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Political and religious leaders in the Gambia are threatening to introduce a bill to decriminalise female genital mutilation, eight years after the practice was outlawed" (para 1). "Under the current law in the Gambia, a person convicted of performing FGM faces up to three years in prison, a fine of 50,000 dalasi (£622), or both. Where FGM leads to death, the perpetrator could face life imprisonment" (para 7).
Feb. 28, 2025, 5:42 p.m.
Countries: Niger
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Article 232 of the Penal Code provides: Art. 232. - Any person guilty of the crime of FGM shall be sentenced to life imprisonment. If death has resulted from the act, the death penalty shall be imposed. (Unofficial translation)" (1).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Article 232 of the Penal Code provides: Art. 232. - Any person guilty of the crime of FGM shall be sentenced to life imprisonment. If death has resulted from the act, the death penalty shall be imposed. (Unofficial translation)" (1).
Feb. 27, 2025, 8:10 p.m.
Countries: Switzerland
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Regarding gender-based violence, a new provision (art. 124) was added to the Criminal Code on 1 July 2012 to put an end to the problems of definition and evidence that had previously obtained (FGM, HRI/CORE/CHE/2017, 162). In order to combat Intersex Genital Mutilation, no such provision in favor of intersex children exists" (4).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Regarding gender-based violence, a new provision (art. 124) was added to the Criminal Code on 1 July 2012 to put an end to the problems of definition and evidence that had previously obtained (FGM, HRI/CORE/CHE/2017, 162). In order to combat Intersex Genital Mutilation, no such provision in favor of intersex children exists" (4).
Feb. 12, 2025, 10:26 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A woman who was found guilty of handing over a three-year-old British girl for female genital mutilation (FGM) during a trip to Kenya has been jailed for seven years. Amina Noor, 40, was convicted last year of assisting a Kenyan woman to carry out the procedure overseas in 2006. The conviction was the first for assisting in such harm under the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003" (par. 1-2). "The only other successful prosecution under the 2003 act was in 2019 when a Ugandan woman from Walthamstow, east London, was jailed for 11 years for cutting a three-year-old girl" (par. 7).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A woman who was found guilty of handing over a three-year-old British girl for female genital mutilation (FGM) during a trip to Kenya has been jailed for seven years. Amina Noor, 40, was convicted last year of assisting a Kenyan woman to carry out the procedure overseas in 2006. The conviction was the first for assisting in such harm under the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003" (par. 1-2). "The only other successful prosecution under the 2003 act was in 2019 when a Ugandan woman from Walthamstow, east London, was jailed for 11 years for cutting a three-year-old girl" (par. 7).
Jan. 30, 2025, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Female genital mutilation (FGM) is practiced despite the fact that the country’s General Code on Children’s Protection, adopted in 2017, unconditionally criminalizes it" (3).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Female genital mutilation (FGM) is practiced despite the fact that the country’s General Code on Children’s Protection, adopted in 2017, unconditionally criminalizes it" (3).
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:38 p.m.
Countries: Gambia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Lawmakers who had been moving toward repealing Gambia’s landmark ban on female genital cutting overwhelmingly changed course on Monday, voting instead to keep the legislation in place after women staged an intense three-month campaign" (para 1). "Of the 53 members of Gambia’s National Assembly present on Monday, 34 voted to keep the ban, and 19 to overturn it. In March, when 47 members were present, 42 of them voted to overturn the ban" (para 4).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Lawmakers who had been moving toward repealing Gambia’s landmark ban on female genital cutting overwhelmingly changed course on Monday, voting instead to keep the legislation in place after women staged an intense three-month campaign" (para 1). "Of the 53 members of Gambia’s National Assembly present on Monday, 34 voted to keep the ban, and 19 to overturn it. In March, when 47 members were present, 42 of them voted to overturn the ban" (para 4).