Countries: Taiwan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-PRACTICE-2

"As a young woman growing up in Taipei in the 1980s and ’90s, I [author] was taught to expect sexual harassment. Many clothing shops sell so-called safety shorts for women and girls to wear under their skirts to thwart peeping Toms. We have designated women’s waiting areas in metro stations with enhanced surveillance.The message? Creeps happen, but the burden is on us, women and girls, to change our behavior to protect ourselves" (9). This implies that women are harrassed when in public spaces such as metro station (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"The man, 31-year-old Jeon Joo-hwan, sent the victim unwanted text messages, then threatened her with videos he filmed with a hidden camera at their workplace restroom" (Para 2). "Women in recent years have demanded safety in public spaces and workplaces from threats like illegal filming, gender-based hate crime and sexual abuse" (Para 4).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

“The blowback and fear that 4B practitioners experience underscores their conviction that Korea is still a frightening place for women. Yeowon’s photo was posted on an Ilbe site after participating in a feminist protest, and she was harassed and sexually threatened online for weeks. Youngmi said men have tried to physically attack her on the street three or four times. She recalled an episode when she and some friends, who all had cropped haircuts, were dining at a Japanese restaurant in Daegu. Throughout the night, the restaurant owner and his friends made gagging and puking noises and gestures at them. When Minji and I met at a coffee shop near...more

Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"The man, 31-year-old Jeon Joo-hwan, sent the victim unwanted text messages, then threatened her with videos he filmed with a hidden camera at their workplace restroom" (Para 2). "Women in recent years have demanded safety in public spaces and workplaces from threats like illegal filming, gender-based hate crime and sexual abuse" (Para 4).

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

“During the debate [about a new street harassment bill], [cabinet minister Greg] Clark said it was 'an historic day'. 'For the first time in our history, deliberately harassing, following, shouting degrading words at, making obscene gestures at women and girls in public places - and yes, on occasion men and boys in public places - because of their sex, with the deliberate intention to cause them alarm or distress, will be a specific offence, and a serious one at that,' he said…Last year the Office for National Statistics revealed that nearly a third of women had experienced some form of harassment in the previous 12 months. High-profile cases have also...more

Countries: Malaysia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"[M]any Malaysian mothers took to social media to show that their cases are still pending" (para 14). This is a virtual protest towards the citizenship of their children (MV-coder comment).

Countries: Australia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"An embittered ex, whose threat was previously mitigated by removal from the family home, is newly empowered by technology and able to exercise his vengeance and seek to regain control of his former partner remotely" (para 59). "[Fixated] threat offenders become increasingly focused and determined to reconcile, and also to harm the victim's reputation and social relationships" (para 73). "[Perpetrators] may start off with menacing texts and social media posts, graduate to stalking via spyware, and then to explicit threats and the decision to use physical force [on female victims]. On such a trajectory, the next step could well be lethal" (para 77).

Countries: Lithuania
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"[T]here was a low number of complaints of discrimination on the basis of sex or gender overall, due in part to the absence of regional and local branches of the Office" (4).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, IIP-PRACTICE-2

"Afghan women hold educational documents during a protest as they demand the Taliban government provide them with job opportunities in Kabul last month" (para 19).

Countries: Iran
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-1, IIP-PRACTICE-2

"Four decades of brutal policing have also given unofficial permission to ordinary citizens whose religious and political ideologies align with the regime to take matters into their own hands. Long before the death of Mahsa Amini ignited the current uprising, a woman could be harassed for her appearances by any passerby merely because the government justifies policing women’s bodies. Videos of citizens arguing or physically confronting each other circulate on social media almost daily" (para 16).

Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"She is now in hiding, living in fear for her safety and still suffering the consequences of her arrest following the Asian Champions League game against Qatar’s Al Saad back in August 2019"(para 16). "Khodayari, who suffered from bipolar disorder, was spotted by security guards trying to attend an Asian Champions League match in March 2019 and was charged with 'committing a sinful act by appearing in public without a hijab', as well as 'insulting officials'" (para 24).

Countries: France
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"Women are being targeted by new forms of harassment including online violence, verbal abuse on social media and pornography with 'barbaric' content, it said. The survey also detected a male 'backlash' across French society to the #MeToo movement, with 'macho raids' on social media seeking 'to reduce women to silence or discredit them'. It stated that situations of 'discrimination, violence and harassment' have reached 'alarming proportions'" (para 2-3). "The study of 2,500 people by the High Authority on Equality (HCE), a consultative body, found sexist behaviour increasing in 'all spheres', with many men believing violent and discriminatory behaviour to be acceptable. Older men often remained stuck in conservative attitudes towards...more

Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"[P]hotos circulated on social media of a woman who had taken off and held aloft her headscarf on Enghelab (Revolution) Street in Tehran. Since then, dozens of “Girls of Revolution Street” have taken their headscarves off while standing on electric utility boxes across the country and more than 35 women have been arrested by Iranian officials protesting Iran’s compulsory hijab" (108).

Countries: Russia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"Since the start of the Ramadan fasting month in August 2010, Human Rights Watch has received numerous reports from Chechnya about women being harassed on the streets of Grozny, the Chechen republic's capital, for not covering their hair or wearing clothes deemed too revealing" (104).

Countries: Haiti
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"For women especially, going outside the house is a risk. So is fleeing: Gangs use the threat of rape to stop communities from abandoning the areas they control" (para 13). "'Sexual violence is a way to paralyze, to scare people. The minute there’s an increase in sexual violence, everyone stops moving, people don’t go to work because they’re scared,' Michel said. 'It’s a weapon, it’s a way to send a message'" (para 24).