Countries: China
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"Anti-sexual harassment regulations have been incorporated into Codes of Conducts for Teachers issued by the Ministry of Education and the Civil Code . In December 2018, the Supreme People’s Court added sexual harassment as a cause of action" (8). "Regarding sexual harassment, the new Civil Code, not in line with the Committees’ Genera recommendation No. 19 and 35, only request 'Organs, enterprises, schools and other entities shall take reasonable measures of prevention, acceptance of complaints, investigation and handling, so as to prevent and cease sexual harassment conducted by violators by making use of their powers and affiliation relationship', rather than taking a holistic perspective to review sexual harassment as a...more

Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"New criminal offences related to gender based violence are, as follows: female genital mutilation, forced sterilization, stalking, sexual extortion, and sexual harassment, as well as forced marriage. The new RS Criminal Code introduces monetary fine and up to three years of imprisonment for calling, provoking, or inciting violence or hatred directed against an individual or a group because of their national, racial, religious or ethnicity, color of skin, gender, sexual orientation, disability, gender identity, origin or other characteristics" (7). "[N]ewly adopted domestic violence law of Brčko District introduces urgent protection measures... (a. removal of a perpetrator from an apartment, house, or other common living space, b. order of restricting approach...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"NGO-CEDAW provided specific recommendations that the RGC include in NAPVAW3 an indicator of success of drafting a comprehensive definition of sexual harassment in schools, work and public spaces and provided a sample definition in both English and Khmer. Because there is no specific mechanism for women to bring cases of harassment directly to court, most cases of sexual harassment are brought through unions to the arbitration council" (4).

Countries: North Korea
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"North Korea’s vague laws and the possibility of technical illegality in nearly all market business activity created opportunities for guards or officers to harass or detain women in the markets, including by extracting bribes in the form of sexual demands" (par. 11).

Countries: Australia
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"Daniel Billings, 29, has been charged her murder with court documents revealing he was on bail at the time for stalking, sexual assault and harassment charges" (para 4). This implies that stalking and sexual harassment are against the law (ELW - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Morocco
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"[Act No. 103-13] criminalizes sexual harassment, with stiffer penalties for the commission of that act depending on circumstances and the persons involved, such as relatives, co-workers, public security officers, and so on" (48).

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2, IIP-LAW-2

"A man who catcalled a woman on a London street has become one of the first in the UK to be slapped with a £100 fine for sexual harassment after he was caught in an undercover police operation" (para 1). "This fine is a strong start and will serve as a statement of intent. We will not tolerate harassment of women and girls and will target those men who do not heed this warning. We're reclaiming our streets for our local communities and ending the culture of misogyny that starts with harassment and escalates to violence.' Councillor Khayer Chowdhury added: 'This is a working partnership between Redbridge council and the...more

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"Between 2017 and 2020, 40 laws were passed on the protection of rights in relation to human trafficking, violence, sexual harassment in the street, employment, vulnerable populations, family relations, international conventions, the sharing of family responsibilities, statutory limitations on criminal prosecution for sexual offences, and equal pay, among others" (4). "With regard to the national policy for addressing and preventing violence against women, legislative progress has been made with the recognition of street harassment as a form of violence against women, following the adoption of a law criminalizing conduct that was previously classified as a misdemeanour (see annex 3). To date, 52 men have been arrested and 4 convicted under...more

Countries: Brazil
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"There were 77,000 cases of stalking reported in 2023, an increase of 34%. 'This data is particularly relevant because stalking is a crime that often precedes other forms of violence – such as murder,' said Bueno. Stalking was recognised as a crime in Brazil only in 2021, so the rates are expected to increase yearly as more people become aware of the law" (para 18-19).

Countries: Norway
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"The Committee welcomes the...amendments to the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act to strengthen the duty of public authorities and employers to promote gender equality and to report on it and to authorize the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Tribunal to enforce the prohibition of sexual harassment, in 2020...It notes with concern, however, that a high number of young women are subjected to gendered hate speech online, mostly by men, and that section 185 of the Penal Code on hate speech still does not define gender-based hate speech" (2, 6).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"In 2021 — two years and 350 text messages after his initial threats — the woman reported Jeon to the police and filed a criminal complaint. He was charged with stalking. The day before his sentencing was due on those charges, he snuck into the women's bathroom at Seoul's Sindang metro station, wearing a disposable hair cap, waited for her to come in, and stabbed her to death" (Para 3). "An anti-stalking law passed the congress in 2021, more than 20 years after the first such bill was proposed. New amendments to laws on sexual violence have criminalized filming or distributing videos and pictures of someone against their will" (Para...more

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

“A law that could punish street harassment such as wolf whistling with up to two years in prison cleared the House of Commons today. The legislation was given its third reading by MPs with support from the government - and is being tightened to prevent people claiming they were only engaging in banter. It is already an offence under the 1986 Public Order Act to deliberately harass or cause alarm or distress. However, the Protection from Sex-based Harassment in Public Bill introduced by former Cabinet minister Greg Clark would create a specific new offence. There would also be harsher punishments for perpetrators, raising the maximum time behind bars from six...more

Countries: Botswana
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"[T]he Government acknowledges that currently there is no specific legislation that addresses sexual abuse" (15). “The Education Policy clearly prohibits teachers and other school staff members from having sexual relationships with learners because of their custodial responsibilities and strict penalties are applied for those who violate this provision. Furthermore, the ongoing development of the GBV referral system is intended to strengthen implementation of the Penal Code provision on defilement through networking of key service providers for effective response to this issue” (18).

Countries: China
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"[Amendment IX to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, adopted in August 2015] refined the provisions on crimes of forcible molestation and humiliation of women and imposed harsher penalties for such crimes (i.e., a minimum of 5 years and up to 15 years of imprisonment for cases with execrable circumstances)" (7).

Countries: Bahamas
Variables: IIP-LAW-2

"The law prohibits criminal quid pro quo sexual harassment and authorizes penalties of up to B$5,000 ($5,000) and a maximum of two years’ imprisonment" (12).