Latest items for IIP-LAW-1
Dec. 6, 2024, 10:42 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Women and girls have been increasingly confined to their homes since the Taliban takeover in 2021. They are barred from education beyond sixth grade, including university, public spaces like parks, and most jobs. They are required to take a male chaperone with them on journeys of more than 72 km (45 miles) and follow a dress code. A Taliban decree in July ordered the closure of all beauty salons, one of the few remaining places that women could go to outside the home or family environment" (para 7-8).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Women and girls have been increasingly confined to their homes since the Taliban takeover in 2021. They are barred from education beyond sixth grade, including university, public spaces like parks, and most jobs. They are required to take a male chaperone with them on journeys of more than 72 km (45 miles) and follow a dress code. A Taliban decree in July ordered the closure of all beauty salons, one of the few remaining places that women could go to outside the home or family environment" (para 7-8).
Dec. 6, 2024, 10:55 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"UN officials and human rights activists have raised the alarm about the sharp increase in the number of women attempting to take their own lives. They have explicitly linked it to Taliban restrictions on every aspect of women’s existence, from a ban on education above elementary level and a prohibition on most work, to a bar on entering parks, bathhouses and other public spaces" (para 6). "Warnings about female suicides are only intensifying as the Taliban tighten controls on every aspect of women’s lives, most recently banning beauty salons" (para 24).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"UN officials and human rights activists have raised the alarm about the sharp increase in the number of women attempting to take their own lives. They have explicitly linked it to Taliban restrictions on every aspect of women’s existence, from a ban on education above elementary level and a prohibition on most work, to a bar on entering parks, bathhouses and other public spaces" (para 6). "Warnings about female suicides are only intensifying as the Taliban tighten controls on every aspect of women’s lives, most recently banning beauty salons" (para 24).
Nov. 16, 2024, 4:24 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1, IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Tala Raassi, an Iranian-American fashion designer who knows firsthand the brutality of the regime: At 16, she was arrested and given 40 lashes for wearing a T-shirt and miniskirt at a private party" (para 16).
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1, IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Tala Raassi, an Iranian-American fashion designer who knows firsthand the brutality of the regime: At 16, she was arrested and given 40 lashes for wearing a T-shirt and miniskirt at a private party" (para 16).
Nov. 16, 2024, 3:40 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"The recent Taliban ban on women working in international and national organisations and women moving about public spaces has also affected women being able to find employment" (para 4). "This [female struggle to find employment] follows Taliban decrees banning women from education at the secondary and university level and not allowing them to travel without a mahram (male close relative as chaperone). The Taliban also ordered the closure of all beauty salons, public bathrooms, and sports centres for women, important sectors of employment for women" (para 17).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"The recent Taliban ban on women working in international and national organisations and women moving about public spaces has also affected women being able to find employment" (para 4). "This [female struggle to find employment] follows Taliban decrees banning women from education at the secondary and university level and not allowing them to travel without a mahram (male close relative as chaperone). The Taliban also ordered the closure of all beauty salons, public bathrooms, and sports centres for women, important sectors of employment for women" (para 17).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved...in particular the adoption of the following...establishing criminal liability...persecution (stalking)" (1, 2).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved...in particular the adoption of the following...establishing criminal liability...persecution (stalking)" (1, 2).
Nov. 1, 2024, 10:37 a.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1, IIP-LAW-1, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"The Public Order Act of 1996 imposed conservative Islamic social codes which restricted women’s movement, work and study. Women could be imprisoned or flogged for seemingly trivial transgressions – such as wearing western-style jeans" (para 10).
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1, IIP-LAW-1, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"The Public Order Act of 1996 imposed conservative Islamic social codes which restricted women’s movement, work and study. Women could be imprisoned or flogged for seemingly trivial transgressions – such as wearing western-style jeans" (para 10).
Oct. 16, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1, IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Tala Raassi, an Iranian-American fashion designer who knows firsthand the brutality of the regime: At 16, she was arrested and given 40 lashes for wearing a T-shirt and miniskirt at a private party" (para 16).
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1, IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Tala Raassi, an Iranian-American fashion designer who knows firsthand the brutality of the regime: At 16, she was arrested and given 40 lashes for wearing a T-shirt and miniskirt at a private party" (para 16).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The letter, confirmed by economy ministry spokesperson Abdulrahman Habib, said the female employees were not allowed to work until further notice because some had not adhered to the administration's interpretation of Islamic dresscode for women" (para 2, 17). "He[minister of higher education Nida Mohammad Nadim] said the ban was necessary to prevent the mixing of genders in universities and because some subjects being taught violated the principles of Islam" (para 33). The Taliban have banned girls from middle school and high school, barred women from most fields of employment and ordered them to wear head-to-toe clothing in public. Women are also banned from parks and gyms. The Taliban have prevented...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The letter, confirmed by economy ministry spokesperson Abdulrahman Habib, said the female employees were not allowed to work until further notice because some had not adhered to the administration's interpretation of Islamic dresscode for women" (para 2, 17). "He[minister of higher education Nida Mohammad Nadim] said the ban was necessary to prevent the mixing of genders in universities and because some subjects being taught violated the principles of Islam" (para 33). The Taliban have banned girls from middle school and high school, barred women from most fields of employment and ordered them to wear head-to-toe clothing in public. Women are also banned from parks and gyms. The Taliban have prevented...more
April 30, 2024, 8:19 p.m.
Countries: Israel
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Ms. Boxerman was stunned. It was a public train operated by Israel Railways, and segregated seating is illegal in the country. The men stopping her appeared to be protesters going home from a rally supporting the governing coalition, which includes extremist religious and far-right parties pushing for more sex segregation and a return to more traditional gender roles" (para 2). "Although the Supreme Court has ruled that it is against the law to force women to sit in separate sections on buses and trains, ultra-Orthodox women customarily board buses in their neighborhoods through the rear door and sit in the back. Now, the practice seems to be spreading to other...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Ms. Boxerman was stunned. It was a public train operated by Israel Railways, and segregated seating is illegal in the country. The men stopping her appeared to be protesters going home from a rally supporting the governing coalition, which includes extremist religious and far-right parties pushing for more sex segregation and a return to more traditional gender roles" (para 2). "Although the Supreme Court has ruled that it is against the law to force women to sit in separate sections on buses and trains, ultra-Orthodox women customarily board buses in their neighborhoods through the rear door and sit in the back. Now, the practice seems to be spreading to other...more
Jan. 22, 2024, 6:37 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Taliban has banned men and women from sitting together in restaurants and ordered that public parks are open for each sex on different days" (para 1). "Women have stopped being issued driver's licenses and are ordered to cover their whole bodies in western city Herat, Afghanistan's third largest" (para 2). "A Taliban official at the local Ministry for Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice confirmed today that authorities have 'instructed that men and women be segregated in restaurants'. Riazullah Seerat told AFP business owners had been verbally warned that the rule applies 'even if they are husband and wife'" (para 9-10). "Seerat added his office has issued a...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Taliban has banned men and women from sitting together in restaurants and ordered that public parks are open for each sex on different days" (para 1). "Women have stopped being issued driver's licenses and are ordered to cover their whole bodies in western city Herat, Afghanistan's third largest" (para 2). "A Taliban official at the local Ministry for Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice confirmed today that authorities have 'instructed that men and women be segregated in restaurants'. Riazullah Seerat told AFP business owners had been verbally warned that the rule applies 'even if they are husband and wife'" (para 9-10). "Seerat added his office has issued a...more
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:43 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"M.B.S. indeed abolished the ban on women driving, which had always stood out as an outlandish source of international scorn...He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member" (para 6). "The recent reforms mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"M.B.S. indeed abolished the ban on women driving, which had always stood out as an outlandish source of international scorn...He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member" (para 6). "The recent reforms mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving...more
Dec. 21, 2023, 10:10 a.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The ban on women going to football games was not inscribed in law and, having advertised her previous trips to games involving Persopolis or Iran on social media, she assumed she was safe from harm and incarceration"(para 3). "Iranian women were originally prohibited from entering stadiums after the revolution, with clerical rulers giving various reasons over the years for the decision, including the corrupting influence it would supposedly have on both male fans and the women themselves. Though it became fairly commonplace for women to sneak into stadiums in disguise, the ban survived without serious challenge until the horrific case of Sahar Khodayari, a 29-year-old fan of Esteghlal, another club...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The ban on women going to football games was not inscribed in law and, having advertised her previous trips to games involving Persopolis or Iran on social media, she assumed she was safe from harm and incarceration"(para 3). "Iranian women were originally prohibited from entering stadiums after the revolution, with clerical rulers giving various reasons over the years for the decision, including the corrupting influence it would supposedly have on both male fans and the women themselves. Though it became fairly commonplace for women to sneak into stadiums in disguise, the ban survived without serious challenge until the horrific case of Sahar Khodayari, a 29-year-old fan of Esteghlal, another club...more
Dec. 20, 2023, 11:14 a.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"For his part, Mr. Montazeri said on Saturday that the judiciary would still enforce restrictions on 'social behavior.' Days earlier, he said that the authorities were reviewing the law requiring women to cover their bodies in long, loose clothing and their hair with a head scarf or hijab, and would issue a decision within 15 days. But it was not clear whether the authorities were planning to relax the law"(para 7).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"For his part, Mr. Montazeri said on Saturday that the judiciary would still enforce restrictions on 'social behavior.' Days earlier, he said that the authorities were reviewing the law requiring women to cover their bodies in long, loose clothing and their hair with a head scarf or hijab, and would issue a decision within 15 days. But it was not clear whether the authorities were planning to relax the law"(para 7).
Nov. 6, 2023, 11:49 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Gender equality is a basic State policy of China, according to which women enjoy equality with men when it comes to their rights to conclude contracts and administer property, access to legal procedures, freedom of movement and freedom to choose residence and domicile" (28).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Gender equality is a basic State policy of China, according to which women enjoy equality with men when it comes to their rights to conclude contracts and administer property, access to legal procedures, freedom of movement and freedom to choose residence and domicile" (28).
Nov. 3, 2023, 4:52 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"In June of this year, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport allowed taxi ride-sharing services for the first time after the practice was prohibited in 1982. However, except for van-type cabs which accommodate five passengers and more, ride-sharing is limited only between people of the same sex" (para 9).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"In June of this year, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport allowed taxi ride-sharing services for the first time after the practice was prohibited in 1982. However, except for van-type cabs which accommodate five passengers and more, ride-sharing is limited only between people of the same sex" (para 9).
Oct. 10, 2023, 2:40 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Under Iranian law, only non-Muslim citizens are permitted to consume alcohol for religious purposes, while dancing with the opposite sex is forbidden"(para 16).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Under Iranian law, only non-Muslim citizens are permitted to consume alcohol for religious purposes, while dancing with the opposite sex is forbidden"(para 16).
Sept. 8, 2023, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"In November, women were banned from parks, gyms and public baths in the capital" (para 26). "Prior to Tuesday's announcement [banning women from attending university], universities had already been operating under discriminatory rules for women since the Taliban takeover in 2021. There were gender segregated entrances and classrooms, and female students could only be taught by women professors or old men" (para 31-32).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"In November, women were banned from parks, gyms and public baths in the capital" (para 26). "Prior to Tuesday's announcement [banning women from attending university], universities had already been operating under discriminatory rules for women since the Taliban takeover in 2021. There were gender segregated entrances and classrooms, and female students could only be taught by women professors or old men" (para 31-32).
July 30, 2023, 5:25 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"M.B.S. indeed abolished the ban on women driving, which had always stood out as an outlandish source of international scorn...He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member" (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"M.B.S. indeed abolished the ban on women driving, which had always stood out as an outlandish source of international scorn...He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member" (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get...more
July 12, 2023, 10:28 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"M.B.S. indeed abolished the ban on women driving, which had always stood out as an outlandish source of international scorn...He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member" (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"M.B.S. indeed abolished the ban on women driving, which had always stood out as an outlandish source of international scorn...He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member" (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get...more
June 19, 2023, 1:46 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-LAW-1, SRACE-LAW-1
"Women have continually been barred from sporting events, part of a long-running government obsession 'to go to great lengths to enforce their discriminatory and cruel ban on women attending football stadiums,' as Tara Sepehri Far of Human Rights Watch said. The chief prosecutor in Isfahan announced in 2019 that it was illegal and 'un-Islamic' for women to ride bicycles in public. Male hairdressers have been banned from serving female clients. Even women's Zumba aerobic classes have been prohibited, with the head of public sports in Iran banning the Colombian dance-inspired fitness craze 'and any harmonious movement or body shaking instruction.' " (para.11).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1, SRACE-LAW-1
"Women have continually been barred from sporting events, part of a long-running government obsession 'to go to great lengths to enforce their discriminatory and cruel ban on women attending football stadiums,' as Tara Sepehri Far of Human Rights Watch said. The chief prosecutor in Isfahan announced in 2019 that it was illegal and 'un-Islamic' for women to ride bicycles in public. Male hairdressers have been banned from serving female clients. Even women's Zumba aerobic classes have been prohibited, with the head of public sports in Iran banning the Colombian dance-inspired fitness craze 'and any harmonious movement or body shaking instruction.' " (para.11).
May 22, 2023, 2:59 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Rashno is not the first person to suffer violent repression as a result of going viral on the internet. In 2014, six Iranians – three men and three women – were sentenced to one year in prison and 91 lashes after a video of them dancing in Tehran to Pharrell Williams’s song Happy had more than 150,000 views" (Para.7). "Since 2015, the Iranian government has been phasing in biometric identity cards, which include a chip that stores data such as iris scans, fingerprints and facial images. Researchers worry that this information will now be used with facial recognition technology to identify people who violate the mandated dress code, both in...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Rashno is not the first person to suffer violent repression as a result of going viral on the internet. In 2014, six Iranians – three men and three women – were sentenced to one year in prison and 91 lashes after a video of them dancing in Tehran to Pharrell Williams’s song Happy had more than 150,000 views" (Para.7). "Since 2015, the Iranian government has been phasing in biometric identity cards, which include a chip that stores data such as iris scans, fingerprints and facial images. Researchers worry that this information will now be used with facial recognition technology to identify people who violate the mandated dress code, both in...more
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"[I]n 2017, the legislation adopted included:...the Natural and Legal Persons’ Petitions Act (new version) of 11 September 2017..." (3)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The law stipulates that women should not be rejected from voicing their concers. This also prohibits government officials from refusing to provide hotlines, conferences, or other forms of communication to citizens).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"[I]n 2017, the legislation adopted included:...the Natural and Legal Persons’ Petitions Act (new version) of 11 September 2017..." (3)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The law stipulates that women should not be rejected from voicing their concers. This also prohibits government officials from refusing to provide hotlines, conferences, or other forms of communication to citizens).
March 4, 2023, 12:20 a.m.
Countries: Turkmenistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"But there has been no official announcement of any new laws, even though the new restrictions are being enforced by law enforcement officers and managers and directors at state companies" (Para. 19).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"But there has been no official announcement of any new laws, even though the new restrictions are being enforced by law enforcement officers and managers and directors at state companies" (Para. 19).
Feb. 18, 2023, 9:46 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Outside the capital there were some signs that Saturday's announcement was fuelling stricter oversight of women's dress. A doctor in southeastern Afghanistan said Taliban officials had told her not to treat female patients who did not have a male chaperone and were not fully covered" (Para.13-14).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Outside the capital there were some signs that Saturday's announcement was fuelling stricter oversight of women's dress. A doctor in southeastern Afghanistan said Taliban officials had told her not to treat female patients who did not have a male chaperone and were not fully covered" (Para.13-14).
Feb. 18, 2023, 9:36 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Few places in Afghanistan are run by women. Public life and business are male-dominated and, since the Taliban’s takeover, even more women have vanished from view. While some say they are stuck in conservative societal structures that rarely let them take control, others fear draconian new rules, the travel and education bans" (Para.1). " 'We actually had a few men working here before the Taliban took over, but since this is mostly a maternity hospital, they kicked them out. Today it’s women working for women,' Jagona Faizli, a gynaecologist, tells the Guardian" (Para.4). "Faizli, 31, says her position at the hospital has given her the opportunity to talk openly and...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Few places in Afghanistan are run by women. Public life and business are male-dominated and, since the Taliban’s takeover, even more women have vanished from view. While some say they are stuck in conservative societal structures that rarely let them take control, others fear draconian new rules, the travel and education bans" (Para.1). " 'We actually had a few men working here before the Taliban took over, but since this is mostly a maternity hospital, they kicked them out. Today it’s women working for women,' Jagona Faizli, a gynaecologist, tells the Guardian" (Para.4). "Faizli, 31, says her position at the hospital has given her the opportunity to talk openly and...more
Feb. 13, 2023, 10:57 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
[C]leric Jalilullah Akhundzada, head of the Dar al-Uloom seminary in the western Afghan city of Herat, who issued a fatwa, or religious ruling, in support of girls' education in March. Akhunzada was not available to speak to NPR, but his son, known as Mualana Muhibullah, said his father's fatwa was an 'expression of truth and reality which needed to be told,'he said. 'Girls and women should have the right to educate and be educated, but by preserving the conditions needed for a Muslim girl,' he said, referring to strict gender segregation and conservative clothes. 'If a woman is educated, she can raise better children and build a better society.' (Para.7-9).more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
[C]leric Jalilullah Akhundzada, head of the Dar al-Uloom seminary in the western Afghan city of Herat, who issued a fatwa, or religious ruling, in support of girls' education in March. Akhunzada was not available to speak to NPR, but his son, known as Mualana Muhibullah, said his father's fatwa was an 'expression of truth and reality which needed to be told,'he said. 'Girls and women should have the right to educate and be educated, but by preserving the conditions needed for a Muslim girl,' he said, referring to strict gender segregation and conservative clothes. 'If a woman is educated, she can raise better children and build a better society.' (Para.7-9).more
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Taliban have banned women from entering Kabul’s parks and gyms, accusing them of breaking Islamic laws in the capital. A spokesman from the vice and virtue ministry said that Afghans managing the city’s parks, gyms and fairgrounds had been ordered to turn women away, including those with male chaperones. The Taliban had been enforcing gender segregation rules that gave women access to parks on three days a week — Sunday, Monday and Tuesday — while men were allowed to visit on the remaining four days." (para 1 - 3). "The ban is the latest draconian restriction on women’s rights and freedoms, including preventing women from travelling long distances without...more
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Taliban have banned women from entering Kabul’s parks and gyms, accusing them of breaking Islamic laws in the capital. A spokesman from the vice and virtue ministry said that Afghans managing the city’s parks, gyms and fairgrounds had been ordered to turn women away, including those with male chaperones. The Taliban had been enforcing gender segregation rules that gave women access to parks on three days a week — Sunday, Monday and Tuesday — while men were allowed to visit on the remaining four days." (para 1 - 3). "The ban is the latest draconian restriction on women’s rights and freedoms, including preventing women from travelling long distances without...more
Jan. 7, 2023, 10:02 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"[W]omen are barred from long-distance travel without a male 'guardian' to escort them" (para 2)."Officially, any woman travelling more than 75km (46 miles) or leaving the country needs a mahram" (para 8).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"[W]omen are barred from long-distance travel without a male 'guardian' to escort them" (para 2)."Officially, any woman travelling more than 75km (46 miles) or leaving the country needs a mahram" (para 8).
Jan. 2, 2023, 2:15 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"[G]uidance was issued that prohibits women from traveling outside of the country without a male escort (a mahram); expanding on earlier decrees stating that when traveling within Afghanistan and farther than 75 km from their home, they must be accompanied by a mahram and only in cases of necessity" (para 2).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"[G]uidance was issued that prohibits women from traveling outside of the country without a male escort (a mahram); expanding on earlier decrees stating that when traveling within Afghanistan and farther than 75 km from their home, they must be accompanied by a mahram and only in cases of necessity" (para 2).
Dec. 26, 2022, 5:35 p.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Women have to obtain men's permission (usually their father's or brother's) to…travel" (para 3).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Women have to obtain men's permission (usually their father's or brother's) to…travel" (para 3).