Latest items for IAD-PRACTICE-1
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“In Nigeria, while the Constitution guarantees rights to property and equal protection without discrimination on grounds of sex, most of Nigeria’s customary legal systems do not allow women to inherit from their deceased husbands or fathers. For some time, the courts enforced this position, however, a string of case law has in recent years confirmed that it is unconstitutional to discriminate against women on the issues of land, housing, property and inheritance. These cases have allowed widows, daughters, and children born out of wedlock to inherit and it is progress that should be celebrated. Unfortunately, in practice, women continue to be deprived of the right to inherit and manage property....more
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“In Nigeria, while the Constitution guarantees rights to property and equal protection without discrimination on grounds of sex, most of Nigeria’s customary legal systems do not allow women to inherit from their deceased husbands or fathers. For some time, the courts enforced this position, however, a string of case law has in recent years confirmed that it is unconstitutional to discriminate against women on the issues of land, housing, property and inheritance. These cases have allowed widows, daughters, and children born out of wedlock to inherit and it is progress that should be celebrated. Unfortunately, in practice, women continue to be deprived of the right to inherit and manage property....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:15 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “A woman or girl cannot inherit equally from their parents. If they have a brother, the girl gets half of the brother’s inheritance and in...more
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “A woman or girl cannot inherit equally from their parents. If they have a brother, the girl gets half of the brother’s inheritance and in...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:11 p.m.
Countries: Tunisia
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Tanzania
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“(i) Inheritance: Ensuring that women have equal rights to inheritance has proven challenging. Under both customary law and Islamic law, women do not enjoy equal inheritance rights. In 2016, the CEDAW Committee held in E.S. and S.C. vs. Tanzania that by condoning a patrilineal inheritance system and legal restraints on inheritance and property rights that discriminate against women, Tanzania had violated CEDAW. The case concerned two widows who were prevented from inheriting and administering the estates of their deceased husbands and were evicted from their homes. The case is a landmark victory and a stark reminder of the challenges experienced by women when they are overlooked by the law of...more
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“(i) Inheritance: Ensuring that women have equal rights to inheritance has proven challenging. Under both customary law and Islamic law, women do not enjoy equal inheritance rights. In 2016, the CEDAW Committee held in E.S. and S.C. vs. Tanzania that by condoning a patrilineal inheritance system and legal restraints on inheritance and property rights that discriminate against women, Tanzania had violated CEDAW. The case concerned two widows who were prevented from inheriting and administering the estates of their deceased husbands and were evicted from their homes. The case is a landmark victory and a stark reminder of the challenges experienced by women when they are overlooked by the law of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “(iv) Inheritance: Women’s rights to inheritance, to matrimonial property, divorce and custody are unequal. The Muslims (Personal Status) Act provides that women have unequal rights...more
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “(iv) Inheritance: Women’s rights to inheritance, to matrimonial property, divorce and custody are unequal. The Muslims (Personal Status) Act provides that women have unequal rights...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:07 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner" (16)
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner" (16)
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:01 p.m.
Countries: Mozambique
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“(iii) Inheritance: Articles 66 and 2133 of the Civil Code provide for equal inheritance of surviving spouses, sons and daughters. Moreover, Articles 10 and 15 Law No 19/97 on Land provide that men and women have a right to inheritance regardless of their gender. However, Article 12 acts as a potential clawback clause since it provides that land inheritance must be in line with customary and traditional practices, although these must not be against the Constitution which includes equality on the basis of sex” (64).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“(iii) Inheritance: Articles 66 and 2133 of the Civil Code provide for equal inheritance of surviving spouses, sons and daughters. Moreover, Articles 10 and 15 Law No 19/97 on Land provide that men and women have a right to inheritance regardless of their gender. However, Article 12 acts as a potential clawback clause since it provides that land inheritance must be in line with customary and traditional practices, although these must not be against the Constitution which includes equality on the basis of sex” (64).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:59 p.m.
Countries: Malawi
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“Section 24 of the Constitution is dedicated to the rights of women and provides for, among other things: ► Full and equal protection by the law; ► The right not to be discriminated against on the basis of their gender or marital status; ► The right to be accorded the same rights as men in civil law, including equal capacity to enter into contracts; to acquire and maintain rights in property, to acquire and retain custody, guardianship and care of children, and to have an equal right in the making of decisions that affect their upbringing; ► To acquire and retain citizenship and nationality; ► Women are also entitled to...more
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“Section 24 of the Constitution is dedicated to the rights of women and provides for, among other things: ► Full and equal protection by the law; ► The right not to be discriminated against on the basis of their gender or marital status; ► The right to be accorded the same rights as men in civil law, including equal capacity to enter into contracts; to acquire and maintain rights in property, to acquire and retain custody, guardianship and care of children, and to have an equal right in the making of decisions that affect their upbringing; ► To acquire and retain citizenship and nationality; ► Women are also entitled to...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:55 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Article 648 of the Code of the Family also provides that both parents have a duty towards their children. In case of divorce or separation, the court can decide that either parent can be entrusted with the custody of the child under Article 325 of the Code of the Family. Even if one parent has custody, the other parent has the right to visit. In terms of inheritance, under Articles 758 to 761 of the Code of the Family, both daughters and sons, and the surviving spouse have the same right to inheritance" (47).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Article 648 of the Code of the Family also provides that both parents have a duty towards their children. In case of divorce or separation, the court can decide that either parent can be entrusted with the custody of the child under Article 325 of the Code of the Family. Even if one parent has custody, the other parent has the right to visit. In terms of inheritance, under Articles 758 to 761 of the Code of the Family, both daughters and sons, and the surviving spouse have the same right to inheritance" (47).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:54 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:48 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Dec. 17, 2025, 9:28 a.m.
Countries: Laos
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"[Female children] are not entitled to inheritance and to be legal successors" (18).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"[Female children] are not entitled to inheritance and to be legal successors" (18).
April 17, 2025, 4:55 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"However, it notes with concern… The gap between the law on equal inheritance and the reality in certain autonomous territories" (15).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"However, it notes with concern… The gap between the law on equal inheritance and the reality in certain autonomous territories" (15).
March 11, 2025, 4:59 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Community of property is of great relevance in a country like India, where women’s avenues for asset acquisition are limited. Women do not typically inherit from their parents and due to their low labour force participation, often lack sufficient earnings to purchase property and other high-value assets" (par. 7). "Our analysis shows that only 7% of married women own land in landed households. The comparable number is 93% for currently single women. Presumably, the currently single category is largely comprised of widows who inherit their husband’s property" (par. 8). This suggests that women are able to receive inheritance (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Community of property is of great relevance in a country like India, where women’s avenues for asset acquisition are limited. Women do not typically inherit from their parents and due to their low labour force participation, often lack sufficient earnings to purchase property and other high-value assets" (par. 7). "Our analysis shows that only 7% of married women own land in landed households. The comparable number is 93% for currently single women. Presumably, the currently single category is largely comprised of widows who inherit their husband’s property" (par. 8). This suggests that women are able to receive inheritance (IME - CODER COMMENT).
May 9, 2024, 2:54 p.m.
Countries: Sweden
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, LO-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Women have the same legal status and rights as men, including under family, religious, personal status, labor, property, nationality, and inheritance law. The government enforced the laws effectively" (14).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, LO-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Women have the same legal status and rights as men, including under family, religious, personal status, labor, property, nationality, and inheritance law. The government enforced the laws effectively" (14).
May 9, 2024, 2:15 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“When the owner of a property in Spain dies, the property will almost always be passed on to the heirs of the deceased” (para 33). “Where there is no will, property is usually inherited by the spouse, children, or parents of the deceased” (para 35). There is no distinction made between sons and daughters or husbands and wives in these statements indicating that daughters and widows are unlikely to experience discrimination in inheritance (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“When the owner of a property in Spain dies, the property will almost always be passed on to the heirs of the deceased” (para 33). “Where there is no will, property is usually inherited by the spouse, children, or parents of the deceased” (para 35). There is no distinction made between sons and daughters or husbands and wives in these statements indicating that daughters and widows are unlikely to experience discrimination in inheritance (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
May 9, 2024, 1:51 p.m.
Countries: South Africa
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“Black women in rural South Africa face a ‘double whammy’ said Claassens, as both apartheid and customary laws - where land is handed down from father to son - have deprived them of property rights” (para 8). “Male-dominated tribal authorities hold great sway over rural communities, with the Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini controlling 2.8 million hectares of land, an area the size of Belgium, under an entity called the Ingonyama Trust. Ngubane, nominated as one of three finalists in the 2020 Martin Ennals Award, a prestigious human rights prize, said this month's Durban court ruling was significant. ‘This will make a difference in terms of women's land and property inheritance,’...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“Black women in rural South Africa face a ‘double whammy’ said Claassens, as both apartheid and customary laws - where land is handed down from father to son - have deprived them of property rights” (para 8). “Male-dominated tribal authorities hold great sway over rural communities, with the Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini controlling 2.8 million hectares of land, an area the size of Belgium, under an entity called the Ingonyama Trust. Ngubane, nominated as one of three finalists in the 2020 Martin Ennals Award, a prestigious human rights prize, said this month's Durban court ruling was significant. ‘This will make a difference in terms of women's land and property inheritance,’...more
April 19, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"[I]n inheritance matters, sons are prioritized over daughters, who are socially expected to renounce their inheritance rights in favour of their brothers" (16).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"[I]n inheritance matters, sons are prioritized over daughters, who are socially expected to renounce their inheritance rights in favour of their brothers" (16).
April 7, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"In dual systems such as in Senegal, where statutory law and Sharia law co-exist, the Senegalese citizens have the liberty to choose which regime they adhere to; otherwise, it is the statutory law that is applicable. While the Sharia law gives girls half the amount the son receives and the widow a quarter of the inheritance, the statutory Senegalese law makes no distinction between boys and girls during inheritance. Despite the fact that the statutory law is affirmative of equal inheritance irrespective of gender, it is essential to point out that in countries such as Senegal, where a majority of the population is Muslim, religion has a greater impact than...more
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"In dual systems such as in Senegal, where statutory law and Sharia law co-exist, the Senegalese citizens have the liberty to choose which regime they adhere to; otherwise, it is the statutory law that is applicable. While the Sharia law gives girls half the amount the son receives and the widow a quarter of the inheritance, the statutory Senegalese law makes no distinction between boys and girls during inheritance. Despite the fact that the statutory law is affirmative of equal inheritance irrespective of gender, it is essential to point out that in countries such as Senegal, where a majority of the population is Muslim, religion has a greater impact than...more
April 4, 2024, 5:08 p.m.
Countries: Yemen
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Inheritance: The Personal Status Code defines the rules of inheritance, which follow Sharia principles. Women have a right to inheritance, but in many cases receive less than men. A daughter receives half the share that a son receives" (2).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Inheritance: The Personal Status Code defines the rules of inheritance, which follow Sharia principles. Women have a right to inheritance, but in many cases receive less than men. A daughter receives half the share that a son receives" (2).
Feb. 20, 2024, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Customary patriarchal practices persist that prevent rural women and girls from inheriting" (14). "Women, including widows, do not have equal access to inheritance, owing to persistent discriminatory customary practices that exclude women and girls from the inheritance of land and other family property" (17).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Customary patriarchal practices persist that prevent rural women and girls from inheriting" (14). "Women, including widows, do not have equal access to inheritance, owing to persistent discriminatory customary practices that exclude women and girls from the inheritance of land and other family property" (17).
Jan. 29, 2024, 6:01 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"In India’s Jharkhand state and other tribal areas, for example, tribal women often face an uphill battle in inheriting property, and, in some cases, allegations of witchcraft are wielded against them to silence their claims. They might be branded as witches on the most absurd of suspicions, socially excommunicated, or worse still, lynched by villagers, their corpses left to rot in public. In 2020, the Jharkhand government even rolled back an ambitious scheme by the previous government that encouraged women, in general, to register the property under their names by paying a meagre amount of Rs 1, citing loss to the exchequer due to apparent 'misuse' of the scheme" (para...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"In India’s Jharkhand state and other tribal areas, for example, tribal women often face an uphill battle in inheriting property, and, in some cases, allegations of witchcraft are wielded against them to silence their claims. They might be branded as witches on the most absurd of suspicions, socially excommunicated, or worse still, lynched by villagers, their corpses left to rot in public. In 2020, the Jharkhand government even rolled back an ambitious scheme by the previous government that encouraged women, in general, to register the property under their names by paying a meagre amount of Rs 1, citing loss to the exchequer due to apparent 'misuse' of the scheme" (para...more
Jan. 28, 2024, 6:55 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"'What’s more, either one child inherits the land, or several of the children divide the land. Either way, that leaves most families without a means to a living'"(para 14). This quote shows that daughters can customarily inherit the land (EV-Coder Comment).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"'What’s more, either one child inherits the land, or several of the children divide the land. Either way, that leaves most families without a means to a living'"(para 14). This quote shows that daughters can customarily inherit the land (EV-Coder Comment).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"The courts of Botswana take matters that seem to be discriminatory against women seriously as it was declared by Dingake J in the Appeal case of Molefi Silabo Ramantele v. Edith M. Mmusi and Others in which he declared that “the Ngwaketse customary law rule that provides that only the last born son is qualified as instate heir to the exclusion of his female siblings is ultra vires Section 3 of the Constitution of Botswana in that it violates the respondents’ rights to equal protection of the law” (10). "In the Ramantele case, the court noted, 'A customary rule that denies those children [a woman] of a deceased parent who...more
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"The courts of Botswana take matters that seem to be discriminatory against women seriously as it was declared by Dingake J in the Appeal case of Molefi Silabo Ramantele v. Edith M. Mmusi and Others in which he declared that “the Ngwaketse customary law rule that provides that only the last born son is qualified as instate heir to the exclusion of his female siblings is ultra vires Section 3 of the Constitution of Botswana in that it violates the respondents’ rights to equal protection of the law” (10). "In the Ramantele case, the court noted, 'A customary rule that denies those children [a woman] of a deceased parent who...more
Oct. 4, 2023, 6:58 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"[I]n matters of inheritance, customary law continues to be discriminatory towards women and girls, as it divests them of their land titles" (15).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"[I]n matters of inheritance, customary law continues to be discriminatory towards women and girls, as it divests them of their land titles" (15).
Sept. 28, 2023, 10:28 a.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: LO-LAW-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Women faced legal and economic discrimination. The law prohibits discrimination based on sex, but authorities did not enforce it. Women also faced discrimination in employment, family law, property law, and the judicial system. Family law provides protection for women in cases of divorce, including requirements for maintenance, and sets clear guidelines for custody of minor children and their maintenance. Many women were unaware of these legal protections or were unable to obtain legal counsel to enforce them. Divorced women often were left with no means of support, as their families ostracized them. Women are legally free to marry without family consent, but society frequently ostracized women who did so, or...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Women faced legal and economic discrimination. The law prohibits discrimination based on sex, but authorities did not enforce it. Women also faced discrimination in employment, family law, property law, and the judicial system. Family law provides protection for women in cases of divorce, including requirements for maintenance, and sets clear guidelines for custody of minor children and their maintenance. Many women were unaware of these legal protections or were unable to obtain legal counsel to enforce them. Divorced women often were left with no means of support, as their families ostracized them. Women are legally free to marry without family consent, but society frequently ostracized women who did so, or...more
Sept. 7, 2023, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: LO-LAW-1, ATDW-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"The law contains discriminatory provisions. For example, the law on property rights favors men in land tenancy and the division of family property. The constitution, however, confers rights for women that had not previously received legal protection, including rights equal to those of their spouses in property and family affairs, and special opportunities in education, health, and social security" (27). "The law grants women equal shares of their parents’ inheritance and the right to keep their property after marriage, but many women were not aware of their rights, and others were afraid to challenge existing practice. The law also grants widows complete access to and authority over the estate of...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1, ATDW-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, IAD-LAW-1
"The law contains discriminatory provisions. For example, the law on property rights favors men in land tenancy and the division of family property. The constitution, however, confers rights for women that had not previously received legal protection, including rights equal to those of their spouses in property and family affairs, and special opportunities in education, health, and social security" (27). "The law grants women equal shares of their parents’ inheritance and the right to keep their property after marriage, but many women were not aware of their rights, and others were afraid to challenge existing practice. The law also grants widows complete access to and authority over the estate of...more
Sept. 6, 2023, 1:13 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: LO-LAW-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"The law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men. All property acquired during marriage is joint property. The government enforced these laws somewhat effectively. The NGO SOS noted, however, that women often had trouble in defending their property rights in divorce proceedings due to the widespread public belief that property belongs to the man. Sometimes women ceded their inherited property and inheritance rights to male relatives due to tradition and pressure from their families. Men consequently tended to be favored in the distribution of property ownership, sometimes limiting a woman’s options in the cases of domestic violence or divorce. Women continued to experience discrimination...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"The law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men. All property acquired during marriage is joint property. The government enforced these laws somewhat effectively. The NGO SOS noted, however, that women often had trouble in defending their property rights in divorce proceedings due to the widespread public belief that property belongs to the man. Sometimes women ceded their inherited property and inheritance rights to male relatives due to tradition and pressure from their families. Men consequently tended to be favored in the distribution of property ownership, sometimes limiting a woman’s options in the cases of domestic violence or divorce. Women continued to experience discrimination...more
Sept. 1, 2023, 2:03 p.m.
Countries: Mauritius
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Men and women enjoy the same legal status and rights under the constitution and law. The courts upheld these rights. Nonetheless, cultural and societal barriers prevented women from fully exercising their legal rights, especially in some cases involving inheritance" (14).
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Men and women enjoy the same legal status and rights under the constitution and law. The courts upheld these rights. Nonetheless, cultural and societal barriers prevented women from fully exercising their legal rights, especially in some cases involving inheritance" (14).