Countries: Denmark
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"When Denmark introduced twelve months of parental leave, the intention was for the child to have leave with both parents. This to increase the love, care, health and security for the child throughout the life. The Danish fathers however, only take 10 percent of the parental leave and 20% state they pay themselves. This because the period is not earmarked with three months to the fathers" (8). "The Parental Leave Decree article 8, item 2 state that if the parents disagree, the public allowance is given to the parent with whom the child stays the most, which is the mother. Furthermore, the majority of fathers do not argue with a...more

Countries: Venezuela
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"Articles 343 and 344 of the Act on Work and Workers requires every workplace to have an initial education centre that includes a breastfeeding room or to pay the enrolment cost and monthly fees for workers’ children between three months and six years of age to attend an initial education centre" (18).

Countries: China
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"The new law expands these protections, stating that (1) employers are not allowed to reduce the benefits of women employees or restrict them from being promoted as a result of their marriage, pregnancy, maternity leave, or breastfeeding, and (2) if a female employee’s employment contract expires during her pregnancy or maternity leave, her employment contract will be automatically extended until the end of the maternity leave (Art. 48.)" (para 15).

Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"Based on our systematic review of national legislation and country reports, working mothers in the United Arab Emirates are guaranteed 45 days of paid maternity leave. We did not identify any provisions that protect from dismissal or guarantee job protection for women to take paid maternity leave. We found no provisions that provide paid paternity leave to fathers" (4). "Based on our systematic review of national legislation and country reports, Article 30 of the Federal Law on Labour Relations guarantees 45 days of paid maternity leave to working mothers. We did not identify any provisions that protect from dismissal or guarantee job protection for women to take paid maternity leave....more

Countries: Georgia
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"Based on our systematic review of national legislation and country reports, Georgia provides 183 calendar days of paid maternity and parental leave to mothers. Research evidence indicates that paid paternity leave can increase gender equality in caregiving responsibilities and gender equality in employment; it is therefore important to ensure fathers have access to adequate paid paternity leave. However, we identified no provisions that provide paid paternity leave to fathers in Georgia" (4). "Based on our systematic review of national legislation and country reports, Article 27 of the Labour Code of Georgia provides 183 calendar days of paid maternity and parental leave to mothers. Article 27 - Maternity and child care...more

Countries: Italy
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The law also offered some parents of children with disabilities additional time off work to support their children during school lockdowns" (8).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"Couples who have children are showered with cash, from monthly handouts to subsidised housing and free taxis. Hospital bills and even IVF treatments are covered, though only for those who are married. Such financial incentives have not worked, leading politicians to brainstorm more 'creative' solutions, like hiring nannies from South East Asia and paying them below minimum wage, and exempting men from serving in the military if they have three children before turning 30" (par. 15-16). "Both men and women are entitled to a year's leave during the first eight years of their child's life. But in 2022, only 7% of new fathers used some of their leave, compared to...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

“Where Japan did well over the recent decade is putting the care infrastructure in place for working parents,” Nobuko Kobayashi, a partner at EY-Parthenon in Japan, wrote in an email" (Para 6). Japan's economy saw a significant growth after care infrastucture was introducted by the government for working parents (UST - CODERS COMMENT).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"The Committee notes that the revised Labour Code (2022) now provides for eight days of paid paternity leave for the private sector" (8). "The Committee notes the adoption of the amendment to the Family Code on shared family responsibilities, the recognition of domestic and unpaid care work in divorce proceedings and the new paternity leave provisions" (13).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"In the case of the Education and Nutrition Centres and Children’s Comprehensive Care Centres, in the period from 2017 to 2019, there was a significant increase in the coverage of overnight childcare services, which has helped women to attend school or work at night. In 2017, a total of 66 Centres provided care to 1,625 boys and girls under this modality; in 2018, the Centres grew to 100 in number and achieved a coverage of 3,059 boys and girls, and in 2019, a total of 119 facilities served 4,145 boys and girls. The Centres for Child Development and Comprehensive Care programme of the Patronato Nacional de la Infancia operates in...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"Also, the right to paid maternity leave only accrues to a woman who has a minimum of one-year uninterrupted service at the company, and paid leave only accrues after one year. Short-term contracts are particularly common in the predominantly female garment sector in Cambodia....These short-term contracts have both gender specific adverse consequences, such as non-renewal in cases of pregnancy, as well as more generalized adverse consequences on social security benefits, collective bargaining, and organizing into unions and seniority. The impact of STC’s [short term contracts]more generally is that workers are afraid to assert their rights for fear that they will not have their contracts renewed" (6-7). This indicates that while...more

Countries: Chile
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"Over the next year, the ministry hopes to improve women’s economic autonomy and workplace through an overhaul of the daycare system" (para 23).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: MULV-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"South Korea's government has proposed raising the nation's 52-hour weekly working hours cap to 69 hours in a bid to improve work-life balance. The labour minister said yesterday that increasing the cap by a third will give working mothers more choice and help them raise children amid growing concerns over the country's falling birth rates. The government says allowing workers to accrue more overtime hours in return for time off later will mean people who want to take longer breaks - such as parents or caregivers - will be able to do so" (par. 1-3). "'We'll introduce bold measures to help cut working hours during pregnancy or while raising children,'...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-2, GIC-LAW-3

“Local governments have responded with measures ranging from daycare to matchmaking. In June, the Tokyo metropolitan government said it would launch a dating app as early as this summer” (para 8).

Countries: Italy
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"While women get five months’ maternity leave, fathers are entitled to just 10 days" (para 24). "Presenting the government’s 2024 budget, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who has made clear her desire to increase the birth rate, announced measures for families with children, including free nursery care for a second child, the temporary exemption of women with two or more children from social security contributions, and benefits for companies that hire mothers on permanent contracts" (para 30).