Latest items for EWCMS-LAW-5
Aug. 5, 2026, 1:59 p.m.
Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Articles 141–143 of Cape Verde’s Penal Code define sexual assault as a sexual act committed through violence, threats, force, fraud, or by taking advantage of someone who is unconscious or unable to resist. Sexual assault is punishable by two to eight years in prison, while sexual assault involving penetration is punishable by four to ten years. These laws use general language and can apply when one soldier sexually assaults or rapes another soldier. Cape Verde’s military law does not specifically mention rape, sexual assault, or harassment between service members. However, it generally requires military members to respect others, avoid abusing their authority, and report crimes or other violations" (MR-CODER COMMENT).more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Articles 141–143 of Cape Verde’s Penal Code define sexual assault as a sexual act committed through violence, threats, force, fraud, or by taking advantage of someone who is unconscious or unable to resist. Sexual assault is punishable by two to eight years in prison, while sexual assault involving penetration is punishable by four to ten years. These laws use general language and can apply when one soldier sexually assaults or rapes another soldier. Cape Verde’s military law does not specifically mention rape, sexual assault, or harassment between service members. However, it generally requires military members to respect others, avoid abusing their authority, and report crimes or other violations" (MR-CODER COMMENT).more
Aug. 4, 2026, 8:10 p.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Canada’s Criminal Code sections 271–273 prohibit different levels of sexual assault. Section 271 covers sexual assault generally. Section 272 covers more serious cases involving a weapon, threats, bodily harm, or multiple offenders. Section 273 covers aggravated sexual assault, where the victim is wounded, disfigured, or placed in danger of death. At the same time, Canada’s military law does not list 'military rape' as a separate offence because sexual crimes committed by service members are covered by the same Criminal Code that applies to civilians. Canada's National Defence Act has traditionally applied these Criminal Code offences to military members through section 130" (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Canada’s Criminal Code sections 271–273 prohibit different levels of sexual assault. Section 271 covers sexual assault generally. Section 272 covers more serious cases involving a weapon, threats, bodily harm, or multiple offenders. Section 273 covers aggravated sexual assault, where the victim is wounded, disfigured, or placed in danger of death. At the same time, Canada’s military law does not list 'military rape' as a separate offence because sexual crimes committed by service members are covered by the same Criminal Code that applies to civilians. Canada's National Defence Act has traditionally applied these Criminal Code offences to military members through section 130" (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Aug. 3, 2026, 6:30 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"SECTION 296: Rape: Whoever by force or moral ascendency compels any person, whether above or below the age of puberty, to have sexual Intercourse with him shall be punished with imprisonment for from 5 (five) to 10 (ten) years...SECTION 298: Aggravation: The penalties prescribed by Sections 294, 295 and 296 [the Rape Section] shall be doubled where the offender: a) has authority over the victim, or custody of him by law or by custom; or b) is a public servant or minister of religion; or c) is helped by one or more others" (Cameroon’s 2016 Penal Code, Sections 296 and 298). This information comes from Cameroon's Penal Code. The country's...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"SECTION 296: Rape: Whoever by force or moral ascendency compels any person, whether above or below the age of puberty, to have sexual Intercourse with him shall be punished with imprisonment for from 5 (five) to 10 (ten) years...SECTION 298: Aggravation: The penalties prescribed by Sections 294, 295 and 296 [the Rape Section] shall be doubled where the offender: a) has authority over the victim, or custody of him by law or by custom; or b) is a public servant or minister of religion; or c) is helped by one or more others" (Cameroon’s 2016 Penal Code, Sections 296 and 298). This information comes from Cameroon's Penal Code. The country's...more
July 30, 2026, 5:40 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 239: Elements of Rape All acts of sexual penetration, of any kind whatsoever, or an act of penetrating any object into sexual organs of a person of either the same sex or different sexes by violence, coercion, threat or surprise constitutes a rape: The rape is punishable by an imprisonment from 5 (five) to 10 (ten) years. Legality of sexual intercourse is determined from the age of 15 (fifteen) years old. Article 240: Aggravating Circumstances which Based on Means Used or Connection with the Offender The rape is punishable by an imprisonment of between 7 (seven) to 15 (fifteen) years when it is committed: 1. with a utilization of...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 239: Elements of Rape All acts of sexual penetration, of any kind whatsoever, or an act of penetrating any object into sexual organs of a person of either the same sex or different sexes by violence, coercion, threat or surprise constitutes a rape: The rape is punishable by an imprisonment from 5 (five) to 10 (ten) years. Legality of sexual intercourse is determined from the age of 15 (fifteen) years old. Article 240: Aggravating Circumstances which Based on Means Used or Connection with the Offender The rape is punishable by an imprisonment of between 7 (seven) to 15 (fifteen) years when it is committed: 1. with a utilization of...more
July 21, 2026, 3:07 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Burundi's Military Penal Code does not include a dedicated article specifically addressing rape between soldiers or sexual violence within the ranks. However, Article 3 of the Military Penal Code says that ordinary crimes committed by soldiers on duty are punished the same way as under ordinary criminal law, so rape by a soldier falls under the general Penal Code rather than a military-specific law. Under the general Penal Code, Article 385 defines rape as an act committed through violence, serious threats, deception, or by taking advantage of someone who has lost the ability to resist due to illness or another cause, and sets the penalty at 5 to 20 years...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Burundi's Military Penal Code does not include a dedicated article specifically addressing rape between soldiers or sexual violence within the ranks. However, Article 3 of the Military Penal Code says that ordinary crimes committed by soldiers on duty are punished the same way as under ordinary criminal law, so rape by a soldier falls under the general Penal Code rather than a military-specific law. Under the general Penal Code, Article 385 defines rape as an act committed through violence, serious threats, deception, or by taking advantage of someone who has lost the ability to resist due to illness or another cause, and sets the penalty at 5 to 20 years...more
July 14, 2026, 7:35 p.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
Myanmar’s Defence Services Act of 1959 does not have a separate law that specifically addresses rape, sexual assault, or sexual harassment between military service members. However, Section 71 allows a service member who commits a crime under Myanmar’s regular criminal law to be tried by a military court. This means that a service member who rapes another service member could be prosecuted under Sections 375–376 of the Penal Code. Sections 24 and 25 provide general procedures for military personnel to make complaints, but the law does not clearly provide confidential reporting, independent investigations, protection from retaliation, victim advocates, or special support for sexual-assault victims. Section 55 also allows up to...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
Myanmar’s Defence Services Act of 1959 does not have a separate law that specifically addresses rape, sexual assault, or sexual harassment between military service members. However, Section 71 allows a service member who commits a crime under Myanmar’s regular criminal law to be tried by a military court. This means that a service member who rapes another service member could be prosecuted under Sections 375–376 of the Penal Code. Sections 24 and 25 provide general procedures for military personnel to make complaints, but the law does not clearly provide confidential reporting, independent investigations, protection from retaliation, victim advocates, or special support for sexual-assault victims. Section 55 also allows up to...more
July 6, 2026, 4:19 p.m.
Countries: Burkina Faso
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
Burkina Faso's Penal Code, Law No. 025-2018/AN of 31 May 2018, under Articles 533-10 and 533-11, criminalizes rape, defining it as any act of sexual penetration committed against another person by force, coercion, threat, or surprise. The base offense carries a penalty of seven to ten years' imprisonment and a fine of 600,000 to 2,000,000 CFA francs. The law prescribes significantly harsher penalties — eleven to twenty-one years' imprisonment and fines of 1,000,000 to 3,000,000 CFA francs — where aggravating circumstances are present, including where the victim is a minor aged thirteen to fifteen, where the perpetrator holds authority over the victim (such as a parent or someone abusing their...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
Burkina Faso's Penal Code, Law No. 025-2018/AN of 31 May 2018, under Articles 533-10 and 533-11, criminalizes rape, defining it as any act of sexual penetration committed against another person by force, coercion, threat, or surprise. The base offense carries a penalty of seven to ten years' imprisonment and a fine of 600,000 to 2,000,000 CFA francs. The law prescribes significantly harsher penalties — eleven to twenty-one years' imprisonment and fines of 1,000,000 to 3,000,000 CFA francs — where aggravating circumstances are present, including where the victim is a minor aged thirteen to fifteen, where the perpetrator holds authority over the victim (such as a parent or someone abusing their...more
June 30, 2026, 6:13 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 152 (1) A person who has sexual intercourse with a person of the female sex: 1. who is deprived of the possibility of self-defence, and without her consent; 2. by compeling her thereto by force or threat; 3. by reducing her to a state of helplessness sha l be punished for rape by imprisonment for two to eight years. sha l be punished for rape by imprisonment for two to eight years. (2) For rape the punishment shal be imprisonment for three to ten years: 1. (amended, SG No. 92/2002) if the raped woman has not completed eighteen years of age; 2. if she is a relative of descending...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 152 (1) A person who has sexual intercourse with a person of the female sex: 1. who is deprived of the possibility of self-defence, and without her consent; 2. by compeling her thereto by force or threat; 3. by reducing her to a state of helplessness sha l be punished for rape by imprisonment for two to eight years. sha l be punished for rape by imprisonment for two to eight years. (2) For rape the punishment shal be imprisonment for three to ten years: 1. (amended, SG No. 92/2002) if the raped woman has not completed eighteen years of age; 2. if she is a relative of descending...more
June 29, 2026, 5:04 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
" 136. (1) Sexual harassment of any person in the Defence Force, shall constitute an offence. (2) For the purposes of this section, “sexual harassment” means any unwanted, unsolicited or repeated verbal, non-verbal, or sexual advance, sexually derogatory statement or sexually discriminatory remark made by a person to another, or by a person in authority over another in the Defence Force, whether made in or outside the workplace, which is offensive, or objectionable to the recipient, which causes the recipient discomfort or humiliation, or which the recipient believes interferes with the performance of his or her job security or prospects, or creates a threatening or intimidating work environment. (3) A...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
" 136. (1) Sexual harassment of any person in the Defence Force, shall constitute an offence. (2) For the purposes of this section, “sexual harassment” means any unwanted, unsolicited or repeated verbal, non-verbal, or sexual advance, sexually derogatory statement or sexually discriminatory remark made by a person to another, or by a person in authority over another in the Defence Force, whether made in or outside the workplace, which is offensive, or objectionable to the recipient, which causes the recipient discomfort or humiliation, or which the recipient believes interferes with the performance of his or her job security or prospects, or creates a threatening or intimidating work environment. (3) A...more
June 25, 2026, 4:06 p.m.
Countries: Brunei
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Rape 375. A man is said to commit 'rape', who, except in the case hereinafter excepted, has sexual intercourse with a woman under circumstances falling under any of the five following descriptions — (a) against her will; (b) without her consent; (c) with her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her in fear of death or of hurt; (d) with her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband, and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is, or believes herself to be, lawfully married; (e) with or without her consent when she is under...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Rape 375. A man is said to commit 'rape', who, except in the case hereinafter excepted, has sexual intercourse with a woman under circumstances falling under any of the five following descriptions — (a) against her will; (b) without her consent; (c) with her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her in fear of death or of hurt; (d) with her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband, and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is, or believes herself to be, lawfully married; (e) with or without her consent when she is under...more
June 24, 2026, 1:25 p.m.
Countries: Brazil
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"CHAPTER VII – SEXUAL CRIMES, Rape: Article 232. To coerce a woman into sexual intercourse through violence or serious threat: Penalty - imprisonment for three to eight years, without prejudice to the penalty corresponding to the violence. Violent assault on modesty: Article 233. To coerce someone, through violence or serious threat, to witness, perform, or allow the performance of a lewd act other than sexual intercourse: Penalty - imprisonment for two to six years, without prejudice to the penalty corresponding to the violence" (Brazil Military Penal Code, Articles 232-233).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"CHAPTER VII – SEXUAL CRIMES, Rape: Article 232. To coerce a woman into sexual intercourse through violence or serious threat: Penalty - imprisonment for three to eight years, without prejudice to the penalty corresponding to the violence. Violent assault on modesty: Article 233. To coerce someone, through violence or serious threat, to witness, perform, or allow the performance of a lewd act other than sexual intercourse: Penalty - imprisonment for two to six years, without prejudice to the penalty corresponding to the violence" (Brazil Military Penal Code, Articles 232-233).
June 17, 2026, 6:22 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 203 Rape (1) Whoever coerces another by force or by threat of immediate attack upon his life or limb, or the life or limb of som eone close to that person, to sexual intercourse or an equivalent sexual act, shall be punished by imprisonment for a t erm between one and ten years. (2) Whoever perpetrates the criminal offence referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article in a particularly cruel or humili ating manner or if on the same occasion a number of perpetrators perform a number of acts of sexual intercourse or equivalent sexual acts against the same victim, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 203 Rape (1) Whoever coerces another by force or by threat of immediate attack upon his life or limb, or the life or limb of som eone close to that person, to sexual intercourse or an equivalent sexual act, shall be punished by imprisonment for a t erm between one and ten years. (2) Whoever perpetrates the criminal offence referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article in a particularly cruel or humili ating manner or if on the same occasion a number of perpetrators perform a number of acts of sexual intercourse or equivalent sexual acts against the same victim, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term...more
June 16, 2026, 7:02 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
" Article 308. (RAPE). Anyone who, using physical violence or intimidation, has carnal access with a person of either sex; anal or vaginal penetration, or who introduces objects for lewd purposes, shall incur deprivation of liberty of five (5) to fifteen (15) years. Anyone who, under the same circumstances as the previous paragraph, even without physical violence or intimidation, takes advantage of the victim's mental illness, severe disturbance of consciousness, or severe intellectual deficiency, or who is incapacitated by any other cause from resisting, shall incur deprivation of liberty of fifteen (15) to twenty (20) years. (Amended by Article 2 of Law No. 2033 of October 29, 1999, Law for...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
" Article 308. (RAPE). Anyone who, using physical violence or intimidation, has carnal access with a person of either sex; anal or vaginal penetration, or who introduces objects for lewd purposes, shall incur deprivation of liberty of five (5) to fifteen (15) years. Anyone who, under the same circumstances as the previous paragraph, even without physical violence or intimidation, takes advantage of the victim's mental illness, severe disturbance of consciousness, or severe intellectual deficiency, or who is incapacitated by any other cause from resisting, shall incur deprivation of liberty of fifteen (15) to twenty (20) years. (Amended by Article 2 of Law No. 2033 of October 29, 1999, Law for...more
June 15, 2026, 5:16 p.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
Although Bhutan does appear to have a separate military-law framework, mainly the Army Act 1971, the full Act itself is not easily available online in a clean official public copy. The closest data to this variable as well as the best accessible source is theUN peacekeeping Member State fact sheet for Bhutan, which summarizes how Bhutan’s Army Act applies to sexual exploitation/abuse and other criminal conduct by military personnel. The UN's fact sheet on Bhutan (last updated 12 November 2018), says Section 110 of the Army Act 1971 provides jurisdiction to deal any offence which is not covered by the Army Act but is an offence as per the law...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
Although Bhutan does appear to have a separate military-law framework, mainly the Army Act 1971, the full Act itself is not easily available online in a clean official public copy. The closest data to this variable as well as the best accessible source is theUN peacekeeping Member State fact sheet for Bhutan, which summarizes how Bhutan’s Army Act applies to sexual exploitation/abuse and other criminal conduct by military personnel. The UN's fact sheet on Bhutan (last updated 12 November 2018), says Section 110 of the Army Act 1971 provides jurisdiction to deal any offence which is not covered by the Army Act but is an offence as per the law...more
June 10, 2026, 4:27 p.m.
Countries: Benin
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 1 — Sex-based offences An offence committed on the basis of a person’s sex is any offence for which the victim’s sex is the prior consideration. Sex-based offences include sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, early marriage, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, and aggravated violence against women or girls, as provided in Article 30 of Law No. 2011-26 of January 9, 2011, on the prevention and punishment of violence against women. Article 553 — Rape Any act of sexual penetration, of whatever nature, committed against another person against that person’s will, especially by violence, coercion, threat, or surprise, is rape. Rape is punished by criminal imprisonment of 5 to 10...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 1 — Sex-based offences An offence committed on the basis of a person’s sex is any offence for which the victim’s sex is the prior consideration. Sex-based offences include sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, early marriage, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, and aggravated violence against women or girls, as provided in Article 30 of Law No. 2011-26 of January 9, 2011, on the prevention and punishment of violence against women. Article 553 — Rape Any act of sexual penetration, of whatever nature, committed against another person against that person’s will, especially by violence, coercion, threat, or surprise, is rape. Rape is punished by criminal imprisonment of 5 to 10...more
June 8, 2026, 6:45 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Any person subject to military law who engages in disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent or unnatural kind, including offences of a sexual nature commits an offence and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or any less punishment provided by this Act" (Belize Defence Act, Chapter 135, Section 62). "Rape is the penetration of a person's mouth, vagina or anus, with a penis, without that person's consent. It is hereby declared that if at a trial for rape the jury has to consider whether a man believed that a person was consenting to the penetration by his penis, the presence or absence of...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Any person subject to military law who engages in disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent or unnatural kind, including offences of a sexual nature commits an offence and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or any less punishment provided by this Act" (Belize Defence Act, Chapter 135, Section 62). "Rape is the penetration of a person's mouth, vagina or anus, with a penis, without that person's consent. It is hereby declared that if at a trial for rape the jury has to consider whether a man believed that a person was consenting to the penetration by his penis, the presence or absence of...more
June 5, 2026, 9:34 p.m.
Countries: Belgium
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Sexual violence is therefore punishable, among other things, on the basis of the following penal articles ( the Penal Code with regard to sexual criminal law).) : Sexual assault (Article 417/7 of the Penal Code) Voyeurism (Article 417/8 of the Penal Code) Non-consensual distribution of sexually explicit content (Article 417/9 of the Penal Code) Rape (Article 417/11 of the Penal Code) Incest (Article 417/8 of the Penal Code) Different sentences are also provided depending on certain elements related to the context in which the violence took place, the characteristics associated with the victim, or the identity of the perpetrator and their relationship with the victim: Non-consensual sexual acts resulting in...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Sexual violence is therefore punishable, among other things, on the basis of the following penal articles ( the Penal Code with regard to sexual criminal law).) : Sexual assault (Article 417/7 of the Penal Code) Voyeurism (Article 417/8 of the Penal Code) Non-consensual distribution of sexually explicit content (Article 417/9 of the Penal Code) Rape (Article 417/11 of the Penal Code) Incest (Article 417/8 of the Penal Code) Different sentences are also provided depending on certain elements related to the context in which the violence took place, the characteristics associated with the victim, or the identity of the perpetrator and their relationship with the victim: Non-consensual sexual acts resulting in...more
June 5, 2026, 9:27 p.m.
Countries: Belgium
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Any act of sexual penetration, regardless of its nature and by whatever means, committed against a non-consenting person, represents a crime of rape. Consent is not considered to have been given, if the crime is committed by violence, coercion or deceit, or is made possible by the infirmity or physical or mental impairment of the victim" (para 2). This information shows that Belgium has laws preventing rape/assault, which apply to military personnel. Belgium also has no separate military justice system in peacetime, since military courts were suppressed in 2003, meaning such crimes fall under ordinary criminal jurisdiction. Victims/accusers are protected through reporting procedures and protections against reprisals, and no law...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Any act of sexual penetration, regardless of its nature and by whatever means, committed against a non-consenting person, represents a crime of rape. Consent is not considered to have been given, if the crime is committed by violence, coercion or deceit, or is made possible by the infirmity or physical or mental impairment of the victim" (para 2). This information shows that Belgium has laws preventing rape/assault, which apply to military personnel. Belgium also has no separate military justice system in peacetime, since military courts were suppressed in 2003, meaning such crimes fall under ordinary criminal jurisdiction. Victims/accusers are protected through reporting procedures and protections against reprisals, and no law...more
June 4, 2026, 7:51 p.m.
Countries: Belarus
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
According to Belarus Criminal Code, 'Rape' is defined as sexual intercourse against the will of the victim using violence or the threat of violence against the woman or her loved ones. It also says this act means taking advantage of the victim’s defencelessness, including rape committed repeatedly, rape by a group of persons, rape of a female known to be a child and rape resulting through negligence in the death of the victim or causing grievous bodily harm, infection with HIV or other serious consequences. However, Belarus does not have a military-specific sexual violence law. What exists are general criminal laws that theoretically apply to everyone, including soldiers and military...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
According to Belarus Criminal Code, 'Rape' is defined as sexual intercourse against the will of the victim using violence or the threat of violence against the woman or her loved ones. It also says this act means taking advantage of the victim’s defencelessness, including rape committed repeatedly, rape by a group of persons, rape of a female known to be a child and rape resulting through negligence in the death of the victim or causing grievous bodily harm, infection with HIV or other serious consequences. However, Belarus does not have a military-specific sexual violence law. What exists are general criminal laws that theoretically apply to everyone, including soldiers and military...more
June 1, 2026, 4:51 p.m.
Countries: Barbados
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Any person who is subject to military law under this Act and is guilty of disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent or unnatural kind is, on conviction by court-martial, liable to imprisonment for 2 years or any less punishment provided by this Act" (Section 72, Barbados Defence Force Act, Cap. 159). This information, though broad in its wording, functionally includes rape and sexual assault within its scope, as the phrase "disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent or unnatural kind" under Section 72 of the Barbados Defence Act Cap. 159 is widely understood across Commonwealth military jurisdictions to cover sexual offenses committed by one service member against another (MR-CODER COMMENT). "Where...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Any person who is subject to military law under this Act and is guilty of disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent or unnatural kind is, on conviction by court-martial, liable to imprisonment for 2 years or any less punishment provided by this Act" (Section 72, Barbados Defence Force Act, Cap. 159). This information, though broad in its wording, functionally includes rape and sexual assault within its scope, as the phrase "disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent or unnatural kind" under Section 72 of the Barbados Defence Act Cap. 159 is widely understood across Commonwealth military jurisdictions to cover sexual offenses committed by one service member against another (MR-CODER COMMENT). "Where...more
May 25, 2026, 7:25 p.m.
Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Sexual exploitations and abuses are also considered offences under the laws of the land, and when committed by military personnel, they are triable by Court Martial. Besides these, there are other offences (Indecent, disgraceful and unnatural acts and acts or conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline) if committed by military personnel may be tried under the Army Act, Navy Ordnance and Air Force Act" (para 2).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Sexual exploitations and abuses are also considered offences under the laws of the land, and when committed by military personnel, they are triable by Court Martial. Besides these, there are other offences (Indecent, disgraceful and unnatural acts and acts or conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline) if committed by military personnel may be tried under the Army Act, Navy Ordnance and Air Force Act" (para 2).
May 21, 2026, 3:42 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article (13) Anyone who commits a military offence is considered to have committed a crime falling within the jurisdiction of the military courts. Any person subject to the provisions of this law who commits one of the offences specified in this law or in the Penal Code or any other law, whether as a principal or accomplice inside or outside the Kingdom, shall be punished by the penalty prescribed under those laws. Article (14) Any person subject to this law who commits, outside the Kingdom, an act that makes him a principal, accomplice, or accessory in a felony or misdemeanour falling within the jurisdiction of the military judiciary shall be...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article (13) Anyone who commits a military offence is considered to have committed a crime falling within the jurisdiction of the military courts. Any person subject to the provisions of this law who commits one of the offences specified in this law or in the Penal Code or any other law, whether as a principal or accomplice inside or outside the Kingdom, shall be punished by the penalty prescribed under those laws. Article (14) Any person subject to this law who commits, outside the Kingdom, an act that makes him a principal, accomplice, or accessory in a felony or misdemeanour falling within the jurisdiction of the military judiciary shall be...more
Feb. 4, 2026, 9:51 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Under Law No. 27,580 published in the Official Gazette on December 15, 2020, the Argentine Congress ratified ILO Convention 190 on the Elimination of Violence and Harassment in the World of Work (“Convention 190”), which had been signed in 2019. Convention 190 recognizes the right of everyone to a work environment free from violence and harassment, including gender-based violence and harassment. It also determines that such behavior can constitute a human rights violation or abuse. In addition, the convention contains broad definitions of “violence and harassment” and also of “gender-based violence and harassment,” and protects people who work in both the public and private sectors, regardless of their contractual situation"...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Under Law No. 27,580 published in the Official Gazette on December 15, 2020, the Argentine Congress ratified ILO Convention 190 on the Elimination of Violence and Harassment in the World of Work (“Convention 190”), which had been signed in 2019. Convention 190 recognizes the right of everyone to a work environment free from violence and harassment, including gender-based violence and harassment. It also determines that such behavior can constitute a human rights violation or abuse. In addition, the convention contains broad definitions of “violence and harassment” and also of “gender-based violence and harassment,” and protects people who work in both the public and private sectors, regardless of their contractual situation"...more
Feb. 4, 2026, 9:46 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"The Senate and Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, meeting in Congress, etc., enact the following law: MICAELA LAW ON MANDATORY GENDER TRAINING FOR ALL PERSONS WHO ARE PART OF THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT Article 1° - Mandatory training on gender issues and violence against women is established for all persons who perform public functions at all levels and hierarchies in the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches of the Nation" (1). The training mandated in the Micaela Law applies to the Argentine Armed Forces, indicating an effort to encourage reporting and knowledge of violence against women through legislative efforts (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"The Senate and Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, meeting in Congress, etc., enact the following law: MICAELA LAW ON MANDATORY GENDER TRAINING FOR ALL PERSONS WHO ARE PART OF THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT Article 1° - Mandatory training on gender issues and violence against women is established for all persons who perform public functions at all levels and hierarchies in the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches of the Nation" (1). The training mandated in the Micaela Law applies to the Argentine Armed Forces, indicating an effort to encourage reporting and knowledge of violence against women through legislative efforts (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 4, 2026, 9:33 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 119: Anyone who sexually abuses a person when they are under thirteen (13) years of age or when there is violence, threat, coercive or intimidating abuse of a relationship of dependence, authority, or power, or taking advantage of the fact that the victim for any cause has not been able to freely consent to the action, will be punished with imprisonment or imprisonment of six (6) months to four (4) years. The penalty shall be four (4) to ten (10) years of imprisonment when the abuse, due to its duration or the circumstances of its commission, constitutes a gravely offensive sexual subjugation of the victim. The penalty shall be...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 119: Anyone who sexually abuses a person when they are under thirteen (13) years of age or when there is violence, threat, coercive or intimidating abuse of a relationship of dependence, authority, or power, or taking advantage of the fact that the victim for any cause has not been able to freely consent to the action, will be punished with imprisonment or imprisonment of six (6) months to four (4) years. The penalty shall be four (4) to ten (10) years of imprisonment when the abuse, due to its duration or the circumstances of its commission, constitutes a gravely offensive sexual subjugation of the victim. The penalty shall be...more
Feb. 3, 2026, 3:38 p.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"SECTION II Crimes Against Sexual Freedom ARTICLE 182 (Sexual Assault) 1. Anyone who commits sexual assault against another person, even if the perpetrator is their spouse, is punishable by imprisonment for 6 months to 4 years. 2. The same penalty applies to anyone who, in the same way, causes another person to suffer or perform a sexual act with a third party. ARTICLE 183 (Sexual Assault with Penetration) Anyone who, by the means referred to in subparagraph b of Article 181, performs sexual penetration on another person, even if that person is the perpetrator's spouse, or who, by the same means, coerces them to suffer sexual penetration by a third...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"SECTION II Crimes Against Sexual Freedom ARTICLE 182 (Sexual Assault) 1. Anyone who commits sexual assault against another person, even if the perpetrator is their spouse, is punishable by imprisonment for 6 months to 4 years. 2. The same penalty applies to anyone who, in the same way, causes another person to suffer or perform a sexual act with a third party. ARTICLE 183 (Sexual Assault with Penetration) Anyone who, by the means referred to in subparagraph b of Article 181, performs sexual penetration on another person, even if that person is the perpetrator's spouse, or who, by the same means, coerces them to suffer sexual penetration by a third...more
Feb. 3, 2026, 3:31 p.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 3 (Supplementary Penal Resolution): 1. Crimes committed by the persons referred to in Article 2 that are not covered by this law shall be punished in accordance with current criminal legislation. 2. If the offender is armed or in uniform or uses military facilities or services to which they belong, the penalty prescribed by law shall be increased by one third" (2). Given that rape is not a law mentioned specifically in Angola's Law of Military Crimes, Angolan soldiers who commit rape/assault, either against other soldiers or against civilians, is subject to punishment under Angolan penal code. Important to note is that, if a soldier is armed, wearing a...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Article 3 (Supplementary Penal Resolution): 1. Crimes committed by the persons referred to in Article 2 that are not covered by this law shall be punished in accordance with current criminal legislation. 2. If the offender is armed or in uniform or uses military facilities or services to which they belong, the penalty prescribed by law shall be increased by one third" (2). Given that rape is not a law mentioned specifically in Angola's Law of Military Crimes, Angolan soldiers who commit rape/assault, either against other soldiers or against civilians, is subject to punishment under Angolan penal code. Important to note is that, if a soldier is armed, wearing a...more
Feb. 3, 2026, 8:08 a.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
The exact status of laws applicable to military sexual assault/rape in the Algerian Ministry of National Defense (MND) is vague. The Algerian Military Penal Code (Code de Justice Militaire, CJM) does not appear to be published online, making it difficult to determine whether the CJM contains clauses punishing military sexual assault. If the CJM does not contain such clauses, Algeria may follow other countries (such as Albania) in holding military members accountable to their civilian penal code in cases when a crime is defined in the civilian code but is not specifically outlined in the military code. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
The exact status of laws applicable to military sexual assault/rape in the Algerian Ministry of National Defense (MND) is vague. The Algerian Military Penal Code (Code de Justice Militaire, CJM) does not appear to be published online, making it difficult to determine whether the CJM contains clauses punishing military sexual assault. If the CJM does not contain such clauses, Algeria may follow other countries (such as Albania) in holding military members accountable to their civilian penal code in cases when a crime is defined in the civilian code but is not specifically outlined in the military code. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 2, 2026, 9:26 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape, including spousal rape and the rape of a person, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, was a crime; the law also included provisions on sexual assault. Penalties for rape and sexual assault depended on the age of the survivor. For rape of an adult, the penalty was three to 10 years in prison. The government did not enforce the law effectively" (11). Specific charges against rape and sexual assault between military members is not defined within Albanian Military Penal Code. Albanian military members are thus accountable to Albania's broader criminal code, which applies equally to military members and Albanian civilians. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape, including spousal rape and the rape of a person, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, was a crime; the law also included provisions on sexual assault. Penalties for rape and sexual assault depended on the age of the survivor. For rape of an adult, the penalty was three to 10 years in prison. The government did not enforce the law effectively" (11). Specific charges against rape and sexual assault between military members is not defined within Albanian Military Penal Code. Albanian military members are thus accountable to Albania's broader criminal code, which applies equally to military members and Albanian civilians. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).more
Feb. 2, 2026, 9:16 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Performing violent sexual relations with adults, or between spouses or cohabitants, without the consent of one of them, shall be sentenced by imprisonment from three to ten years. When the violent sexual relation is committed in complicity, or more than once, or when serious health consequences are caused to the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from five to fifteen years. When the offence has resulted in the death or suicide of the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from ten to twenty years" (35-36). According to Article 14 of the 1995 Military Penal Code of the Republic of Albania (https://www.mod.gov.al/images/akteligjore/kodipenal/1.pdf), service members are liable to...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Performing violent sexual relations with adults, or between spouses or cohabitants, without the consent of one of them, shall be sentenced by imprisonment from three to ten years. When the violent sexual relation is committed in complicity, or more than once, or when serious health consequences are caused to the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from five to fifteen years. When the offence has resulted in the death or suicide of the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from ten to twenty years" (35-36). According to Article 14 of the 1995 Military Penal Code of the Republic of Albania (https://www.mod.gov.al/images/akteligjore/kodipenal/1.pdf), service members are liable to...more