Latest items for ERBG-PRACTICE-4
Jan. 18, 2025, 12:52 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Being barred from school now means they [women and girls] have to try to find a job or get married, like the young women in one province who spend their days sewing school uniforms for the young girls still allowed into the primary classroom" (para 13).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Being barred from school now means they [women and girls] have to try to find a job or get married, like the young women in one province who spend their days sewing school uniforms for the young girls still allowed into the primary classroom" (para 13).
Jan. 16, 2025, 10:50 a.m.
Countries: Honduras
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Honduran Bank of Production and Housing has allocated 36 per cent of its loans to women, benefited 60,290 families, generated 55,080 jobs and indirectly benefited 1.5 million people; (c) Under the Presidential Solidarity Credit Programme, 176,652 loans have been granted and 152,535 jobs have been created. Eighty per cent of those loans have been given to women, 50 per cent of whom are heads of household, 8 per cent are indigenous or Afro-Honduran and 2 percent are women with disabilities" (35). "Initiatives related to the empowerment of rural, indigenous and Afro-Honduran women include the adoption of the Act and regulations on credit for rural women; the creation by the...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Honduran Bank of Production and Housing has allocated 36 per cent of its loans to women, benefited 60,290 families, generated 55,080 jobs and indirectly benefited 1.5 million people; (c) Under the Presidential Solidarity Credit Programme, 176,652 loans have been granted and 152,535 jobs have been created. Eighty per cent of those loans have been given to women, 50 per cent of whom are heads of household, 8 per cent are indigenous or Afro-Honduran and 2 percent are women with disabilities" (35). "Initiatives related to the empowerment of rural, indigenous and Afro-Honduran women include the adoption of the Act and regulations on credit for rural women; the creation by the...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 2:45 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Home-based workers in Pakistan work in different industries, making garments, carpets, sacks, incense sticks, footballs, embroidery, bangles, jewelry, shoes and food. Work is done for domestic and global supply chains. These home-based workers are employed by factories or workshops through contractors or intermediaries and paid by the piece. They operate out of their homes or places near their homes. Home-based workers are treated as independent contractors or micro-businesses even though, in reality, they are disguised employees. They do not have employment contracts, enforceability of minimum wages, access to social security entitlements such as pensions, health coverage or maternity benefits, or access to dispute resolution mechanisms. They bear additional production costs...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Home-based workers in Pakistan work in different industries, making garments, carpets, sacks, incense sticks, footballs, embroidery, bangles, jewelry, shoes and food. Work is done for domestic and global supply chains. These home-based workers are employed by factories or workshops through contractors or intermediaries and paid by the piece. They operate out of their homes or places near their homes. Home-based workers are treated as independent contractors or micro-businesses even though, in reality, they are disguised employees. They do not have employment contracts, enforceability of minimum wages, access to social security entitlements such as pensions, health coverage or maternity benefits, or access to dispute resolution mechanisms. They bear additional production costs...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 2:32 p.m.
Countries: Malawi
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"However, Friday Njaya, a director at Malawi’s Department of Fisheries, admits that the policy does not adequately consider gender as the authorities responsible for fisheries at the community level, the Beach Village Committees, are still mostly led by men. 'Women in fishing still have inferior roles, further leaving them prone to gender-based violence including sex for fish,' he said" (par. 31-32).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"However, Friday Njaya, a director at Malawi’s Department of Fisheries, admits that the policy does not adequately consider gender as the authorities responsible for fisheries at the community level, the Beach Village Committees, are still mostly led by men. 'Women in fishing still have inferior roles, further leaving them prone to gender-based violence including sex for fish,' he said" (par. 31-32).
Jan. 10, 2025, 2:03 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4, MULV-PRACTICE-1
"Many Somalis do not consider journalism an acceptable job for a woman, who they believe should stay at home to cook, clean and raise children" (par. 10).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4, MULV-PRACTICE-1
"Many Somalis do not consider journalism an acceptable job for a woman, who they believe should stay at home to cook, clean and raise children" (par. 10).
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The website of the Statistics Agency under the Office of the President contains a database on gender statistics (compendium on men and women, 2021, and analysis of statistical data on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women), which is updated annually. Monthly data are also posted on the number of women entrepreneurs entered in the gender database of the Statistics Agency (https://www.stat.tj/en/gender-database). Statistics Agency specialists participate regularly in international and regional workshops and training sessions on gender statistics (p. 5). This suggests that women are permitted to be entreprenuers (IME - CODER COMMENT). "In 2021, the Committee on Women and...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The website of the Statistics Agency under the Office of the President contains a database on gender statistics (compendium on men and women, 2021, and analysis of statistical data on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women), which is updated annually. Monthly data are also posted on the number of women entrepreneurs entered in the gender database of the Statistics Agency (https://www.stat.tj/en/gender-database). Statistics Agency specialists participate regularly in international and regional workshops and training sessions on gender statistics (p. 5). This suggests that women are permitted to be entreprenuers (IME - CODER COMMENT). "In 2021, the Committee on Women and...more
Jan. 3, 2025, 2:39 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"While engineering is one college discipline in which men continue to outnumber women, Northeastern has since 2022 been admitting slightly more female than male first-year engineering students" (par. 11). "For one thing, many of the rest of the degrees that women earn are disproportionately in lower-paying fields, such as social work (89% women) and teaching (83% women)" (par. 12).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"While engineering is one college discipline in which men continue to outnumber women, Northeastern has since 2022 been admitting slightly more female than male first-year engineering students" (par. 11). "For one thing, many of the rest of the degrees that women earn are disproportionately in lower-paying fields, such as social work (89% women) and teaching (83% women)" (par. 12).
Dec. 30, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Garment factories were once a lifeline for women from Myanmar’s villages and were projected to employ 1.6 million workers by 2026. Many of these are now shut and their companies have pulled out of Myanmar after the coup" (par. 25).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Garment factories were once a lifeline for women from Myanmar’s villages and were projected to employ 1.6 million workers by 2026. Many of these are now shut and their companies have pulled out of Myanmar after the coup" (par. 25).
Dec. 6, 2024, 8:40 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"'My friends were amazed when I decided to become a tricycle rider last year. They questioned why I would even consider taking up a job typically seen as meant for men. Some even laughed at me, thinking it was a joke,' she says. A growing number of Nigerian women, such as Adewale, are moving into traditionally male-dominated roles as the country battles with increasing unemployment, a high cost of living and soaring inflation that has plunged more than 133 million people below the poverty line" (para 4-5). "'The first day I picked up a customer, I felt nervous. In fact a couple I picked up that day was shocked to...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"'My friends were amazed when I decided to become a tricycle rider last year. They questioned why I would even consider taking up a job typically seen as meant for men. Some even laughed at me, thinking it was a joke,' she says. A growing number of Nigerian women, such as Adewale, are moving into traditionally male-dominated roles as the country battles with increasing unemployment, a high cost of living and soaring inflation that has plunged more than 133 million people below the poverty line" (para 4-5). "'The first day I picked up a customer, I felt nervous. In fact a couple I picked up that day was shocked to...more
Dec. 5, 2024, 6:08 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Unwilling to live alone and in poverty, Amina agreed to become the third wife of a 46-year-old man who would "lovingly take care" of her and help her get back on her feet. He bought her an apartment and a car, and also helped her to start her own business. Now Amina owns a beauty salon and a clothing store. The support of her second husband makes her very happy, she said" (para 14-15).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Unwilling to live alone and in poverty, Amina agreed to become the third wife of a 46-year-old man who would "lovingly take care" of her and help her get back on her feet. He bought her an apartment and a car, and also helped her to start her own business. Now Amina owns a beauty salon and a clothing store. The support of her second husband makes her very happy, she said" (para 14-15).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:20 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"With three friends, she decided to set up a taxi service staffed by women for other women, children and older people. She worked as an Uber driver for a couple of months for research and refined her business plan. She then posted about her new business on Facebook. 'It boomed,' she says. 'People started to repost, repost, repost. It was crazy. I couldn’t believe it'" (par. 8). "Seven years on from its inception, 38 women and seven men work as drivers for Mujeres al Volante. The male drivers are used for jobs that require heavy lifting, for example, if a client uses a wheelchair. The company has won awards, and...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"With three friends, she decided to set up a taxi service staffed by women for other women, children and older people. She worked as an Uber driver for a couple of months for research and refined her business plan. She then posted about her new business on Facebook. 'It boomed,' she says. 'People started to repost, repost, repost. It was crazy. I couldn’t believe it'" (par. 8). "Seven years on from its inception, 38 women and seven men work as drivers for Mujeres al Volante. The male drivers are used for jobs that require heavy lifting, for example, if a client uses a wheelchair. The company has won awards, and...more
Nov. 16, 2024, 3:40 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-2, ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Previously [before the Taliban takeover] about 10% of educated women in Afghanistan worked in national or international organisations to support their children. If less educated, they had a range of formal and informal jobs including working as housemaids, baking bread, washing clothes, cleaning bathrooms and babysitting, and in rural communities rearing small livestock and growing wheat, maize and vegetables" (para 6). 10% of educated women means that there are far more educated women who do not work, implying a societal norm of men working rather than women (CEC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-2, ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Previously [before the Taliban takeover] about 10% of educated women in Afghanistan worked in national or international organisations to support their children. If less educated, they had a range of formal and informal jobs including working as housemaids, baking bread, washing clothes, cleaning bathrooms and babysitting, and in rural communities rearing small livestock and growing wheat, maize and vegetables" (para 6). 10% of educated women means that there are far more educated women who do not work, implying a societal norm of men working rather than women (CEC - CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee [is] concerned about the following: the persistent gender pay gap, which also results in lower pension benefits, in traditionally female-dominated occupations [and] the ongoing vertical and horizontal gender occupational segregation" (11).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee [is] concerned about the following: the persistent gender pay gap, which also results in lower pension benefits, in traditionally female-dominated occupations [and] the ongoing vertical and horizontal gender occupational segregation" (11).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In 2004, a study published by the Iraqi education ministry and Unicef found the education system lacked the basics necessary to provide children with adequate education, especially girls, whose enrolment was lower than boys across all grades. It has not improved over the past two decades. Only 6% of the state budget has been allocated to education despite its importance for economic growth. For girls, education opens up new possibilities through career development or entrepreneurship, as well as the potential for them to create more economic opportunities for others" (para 8-9).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In 2004, a study published by the Iraqi education ministry and Unicef found the education system lacked the basics necessary to provide children with adequate education, especially girls, whose enrolment was lower than boys across all grades. It has not improved over the past two decades. Only 6% of the state budget has been allocated to education despite its importance for economic growth. For girls, education opens up new possibilities through career development or entrepreneurship, as well as the potential for them to create more economic opportunities for others" (para 8-9).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"COVID-19 measures were feared to have 'a disproportionate impact on women and girls” there. Women must also be under further pressures during the pandemic as market activities, which the women relied on for their living, were greatly reduced due to border closures'" (para 13-14). This implies women are primarily only able to attain employment through market activities (CEC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"COVID-19 measures were feared to have 'a disproportionate impact on women and girls” there. Women must also be under further pressures during the pandemic as market activities, which the women relied on for their living, were greatly reduced due to border closures'" (para 13-14). This implies women are primarily only able to attain employment through market activities (CEC - CODER COMMENT).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Ministry of Social Development, through the Artisan Social Grant Programme, provides training, through conditional cash transfers, in order to help adults, particularly women in rural and marginal urban areas who live in poverty or extreme poverty, who have a disability or who are unemployed, to develop knowledge, skills and abilities. During the period 2017–2021, the Programme benefited 29,776 women, with an investment of 34.7 million quetzales" (23).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Ministry of Social Development, through the Artisan Social Grant Programme, provides training, through conditional cash transfers, in order to help adults, particularly women in rural and marginal urban areas who live in poverty or extreme poverty, who have a disability or who are unemployed, to develop knowledge, skills and abilities. During the period 2017–2021, the Programme benefited 29,776 women, with an investment of 34.7 million quetzales" (23).
April 30, 2024, 5:55 p.m.
Countries: South Africa
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In her research, she found that women entrepreneurs sometimes had to partner with a man before being heard by financial stakeholders. And government policies were not designed to address the particular situations faced by women running a business" (para 9).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In her research, she found that women entrepreneurs sometimes had to partner with a man before being heard by financial stakeholders. And government policies were not designed to address the particular situations faced by women running a business" (para 9).
April 19, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"[W]omen entrepreneurs [are not supported]" (13).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"[W]omen entrepreneurs [are not supported]" (13).
Jan. 29, 2024, 6:01 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4, IAW-LAW-1
"In terms of government-recognized documentation, many widowed women need to carry their husbands’ names to avail of social security benefits, including those from welfare schemes or from their husbands’ pensions. In 2016, the Ministry of Women and Child Development, a branch under the Indian government, released a 'comprehensive social protection mechanism plan' to address these issues. However, little has transpired since, and many women, especially those from economically weaker backgrounds, have to rely on parents to secure address proof so that they can open bank accounts or take out loans" (para 6).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4, IAW-LAW-1
"In terms of government-recognized documentation, many widowed women need to carry their husbands’ names to avail of social security benefits, including those from welfare schemes or from their husbands’ pensions. In 2016, the Ministry of Women and Child Development, a branch under the Indian government, released a 'comprehensive social protection mechanism plan' to address these issues. However, little has transpired since, and many women, especially those from economically weaker backgrounds, have to rely on parents to secure address proof so that they can open bank accounts or take out loans" (para 6).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The implementing decree of the [ Commercial Code], which was adopted on 14 December 2016, is currently being drafted" (17). This code requires all traders, men and women, to be treated equally (MV-coder comment).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The implementing decree of the [ Commercial Code], which was adopted on 14 December 2016, is currently being drafted" (17). This code requires all traders, men and women, to be treated equally (MV-coder comment).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Ministry of Lands and Housing has aligned their administration arrangements and practice with the law to afford married women equal chance with men to own land. There is need to continue public education to promote knowledge on the right to land ownership and strengthen capacity to challenge malpractice in land allocation. Deliberate effort and progressive exposure by Dikgosi [chiefs] to systematically address gender discrimination through the customary justice system have led to narrowing the gap between application of customary and common law. This has resulted in increased awarding of inheritance to women, which would have traditionally been given to men" (20-21). This suggests that there are still some barriers...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Ministry of Lands and Housing has aligned their administration arrangements and practice with the law to afford married women equal chance with men to own land. There is need to continue public education to promote knowledge on the right to land ownership and strengthen capacity to challenge malpractice in land allocation. Deliberate effort and progressive exposure by Dikgosi [chiefs] to systematically address gender discrimination through the customary justice system have led to narrowing the gap between application of customary and common law. This has resulted in increased awarding of inheritance to women, which would have traditionally been given to men" (20-21). This suggests that there are still some barriers...more
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
“According to the latest government data, 46% of female workers are in non-permanent contract work, compared to just 30% of men" (para 31).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
“According to the latest government data, 46% of female workers are in non-permanent contract work, compared to just 30% of men" (para 31).
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to improve its institutional and policy framework aimed at accelerating the elimination of discrimination against women and promoting gender equality, such as the following: Forum for rural women to increase the social activities of rural women and promote entrepreneurship by women, held in 2018" (p.2). "The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State party in promoting access for women to employment. It also notes that discrimination in the workplace is prohibited under article 6 (2) of the Labour Code. However, the Committee is concerned that the following factors impede the full achievement of equality at work: (a) The reports of discrimination in...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee welcomes the State party’s efforts to improve its institutional and policy framework aimed at accelerating the elimination of discrimination against women and promoting gender equality, such as the following: Forum for rural women to increase the social activities of rural women and promote entrepreneurship by women, held in 2018" (p.2). "The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State party in promoting access for women to employment. It also notes that discrimination in the workplace is prohibited under article 6 (2) of the Labour Code. However, the Committee is concerned that the following factors impede the full achievement of equality at work: (a) The reports of discrimination in...more
Sept. 7, 2023, 9:28 a.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Another limiting factor for women could be the often bureaucratic registration processes. Given that other societal and family obligations are borne by women, more men are able to attend to these procedures, often located at government premises. Lastly, the other constraint might be the lack of access to other property that could be converted or help facilitate access to cash for business registration. Historical gender inequalities in terms of property ownership exacerbate the inequality problem by hindering access to funding which is necessary for business establishment and formalisation" (para 10).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Another limiting factor for women could be the often bureaucratic registration processes. Given that other societal and family obligations are borne by women, more men are able to attend to these procedures, often located at government premises. Lastly, the other constraint might be the lack of access to other property that could be converted or help facilitate access to cash for business registration. Historical gender inequalities in terms of property ownership exacerbate the inequality problem by hindering access to funding which is necessary for business establishment and formalisation" (para 10).
Sept. 7, 2023, 9:20 a.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Raising start-up capital is one of the biggest challenges for women entrepreneurs in Kenya’s key manufacturing sector, with banks requiring collateral that most of them do not have" (para 1). "Most women work or run businesses in the informal economy, and face numerous difficulties including pay and promotion disparities as well as obstacles in accessing information, technology and finance to expand their enterprises" (para 3). "As a result, most women-owned manufacturing businesses are still micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the informal sector - unable to grow and enter the formal economy" (para 5).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Raising start-up capital is one of the biggest challenges for women entrepreneurs in Kenya’s key manufacturing sector, with banks requiring collateral that most of them do not have" (para 1). "Most women work or run businesses in the informal economy, and face numerous difficulties including pay and promotion disparities as well as obstacles in accessing information, technology and finance to expand their enterprises" (para 3). "As a result, most women-owned manufacturing businesses are still micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the informal sector - unable to grow and enter the formal economy" (para 5).
Aug. 31, 2023, 9:21 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"A lack of identity documentation can also limit women’s mobility, land ownership, access to finance, and employment opportunities, as illustrated by the cases of Afghanistan" (41).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"A lack of identity documentation can also limit women’s mobility, land ownership, access to finance, and employment opportunities, as illustrated by the cases of Afghanistan" (41).
Aug. 25, 2023, 2:25 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In October, the Chinese government released the 2019 National Civil Service Positions List (para 4)... Among the nearly 10,000 job postings – some of which were for multiple vacancies – in the 2019 list, Human Rights Watch found that 14 percent of postings specify a preference for male applicants and five percent specify a requirement for male applicants. Conversely, there are no postings stating a requirement or preference for female applicants" (para 5).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In October, the Chinese government released the 2019 National Civil Service Positions List (para 4)... Among the nearly 10,000 job postings – some of which were for multiple vacancies – in the 2019 list, Human Rights Watch found that 14 percent of postings specify a preference for male applicants and five percent specify a requirement for male applicants. Conversely, there are no postings stating a requirement or preference for female applicants" (para 5).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Women were generally free from economic discrimination, and the law provides for equal pay for equal work. The law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men; however, women reported it was more difficult for them to qualify for credit and to own a business" (12).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Women were generally free from economic discrimination, and the law provides for equal pay for equal work. The law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men; however, women reported it was more difficult for them to qualify for credit and to own a business" (12).
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Ensure the necessary human, technical and financial resources to implement existing plans aimed at promoting entrepreneurial activities among women, particularly women living in rural areas, and regularly monitor the impact of these plans on the economic empowerment of women" (13).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Ensure the necessary human, technical and financial resources to implement existing plans aimed at promoting entrepreneurial activities among women, particularly women living in rural areas, and regularly monitor the impact of these plans on the economic empowerment of women" (13).
Aug. 8, 2023, 8:30 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The absence of measures, including temporary special measures and targeted programmes, to support women’s entrepreneurship and promote their economic empowerment [is a concern]… The lack of information on loan schemes and other forms of financial credit for women and the lack of specific training on entrepreneurial skills [is also a concern]" (11). "[T]argeted measures, including skills training and technical education, and facilitate women’s access to loans and other forms of financial credit, in order to support and stimulate women’s entrepreneurship and promote their economic empowerment, in particular in rural areas [are not adopted]" (12). These aims are not developed (MV- coder comment).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"The absence of measures, including temporary special measures and targeted programmes, to support women’s entrepreneurship and promote their economic empowerment [is a concern]… The lack of information on loan schemes and other forms of financial credit for women and the lack of specific training on entrepreneurial skills [is also a concern]" (11). "[T]argeted measures, including skills training and technical education, and facilitate women’s access to loans and other forms of financial credit, in order to support and stimulate women’s entrepreneurship and promote their economic empowerment, in particular in rural areas [are not adopted]" (12). These aims are not developed (MV- coder comment).