Countries: Iraq
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"Despite the information provided by the GoI [Government of Iraq] about loans granted to widows, the figures are extremely low compared to the number of widows and female-headed households impacted by the conflict" (6).

Countries: Venezuela
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"Between 2014 and 2020, women’s access to credit was expanded both by private and by public banks. Since 2017, at least 45 per cent of loans extended by public banks were reserved for female entrepreneurs. As a result of the policies adopted, women now form the majority of recipients of loans for small and medium-sized industries from public banks. The unilateral coercive measures have impacted credit, causing a decline in the absolute volume of loans that started in 1918 and mainly affected private banks" (27). Table 3, titled “Loans for men and women, by year: Private banks” shows that the number of women receiving loans from private banks increased from...more

Countries: Ecuador
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"In 2019, the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion granted 31,310 human development loans to women, amounting to a value of $32,252,710. Of the women receiving these loans, 49 per cent were mestizo women, 19 per cent were indigenous women and 11 per cent were Montubio women. In addition, 68.8 per cent were engaged in agricultural work and 55.6 per cent were aged between 30 and 45 years. Furthermore, 36,978 women gained access to training through the Economic Inclusion Schools in order to initiate or strengthen their productive entrepreneurship. In 2019, the Bank of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute ran two campaigns to boost lending to women: 'Para ti Mujer'...more

Countries: Dominican Republic
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"Strengthening of economic empowerment and overcoming of poverty among women: Establishment of a specialized solidarity-based banking programme, through which 67 per cent of credit is granted to women who own micro- and small enterprises, and financial advice and training are provided; Provision of training to more than 3,500 women entrepreneurs and owners of micro- and small enterprises through Banco ADOPEM, the savings and loans bank of the women’s development association Asociación Dominicana para el Desarrollo de la Mujer; Provision of training to 1,755 people in the provinces of Azua, Monte Cristi and Valverde through a project for strengthening the banana value chain; Establishment of a registry of women suppliers to...more

Countries: Morocco
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"A series of awareness measures have been taken in the textile and clothing companies, which hire the most women, under the “Fibre Citoyenne” code adopted by the Moroccan textile and clothing industry association" (27). Since these industries employ the most women, they could be considered as industries that are "for women" (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT). "In August 2016, the Ministry of Family, Solidarity, Equality and Social Development signed a partnership agreement with the Association of Women Entrepreneurs in Morocco (AFEM) on the project to develop women’s entrepreneurship in urban, semi-urban and rural settings through accelerators and incubators for businesses in three regions of Morocco" (38).

Countries: Honduras
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2016 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the adoption of the following: (a) Regulations for the National Solidarity Credit Programme for Rural Women Act, in 2018" (1).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"Being barred from school now means they [women and girls] have to try to find a job or get married, like the young women in one province who spend their days sewing school uniforms for the young girls still allowed into the primary classroom" (para 13).

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"Home-based workers in Pakistan work in different industries, making garments, carpets, sacks, incense sticks, footballs, embroidery, bangles, jewelry, shoes and food. Work is done for domestic and global supply chains. These home-based workers are employed by factories or workshops through contractors or intermediaries and paid by the piece. They operate out of their homes or places near their homes. Home-based workers are treated as independent contractors or micro-businesses even though, in reality, they are disguised employees. They do not have employment contracts, enforceability of minimum wages, access to social security entitlements such as pensions, health coverage or maternity benefits, or access to dispute resolution mechanisms. They bear additional production costs...more

Countries: Somalia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4, MULV-PRACTICE-1

"Many Somalis do not consider journalism an acceptable job for a woman, who they believe should stay at home to cook, clean and raise children" (par. 10).

Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"While engineering is one college discipline in which men continue to outnumber women, Northeastern has since 2022 been admitting slightly more female than male first-year engineering students" (par. 11). "For one thing, many of the rest of the degrees that women earn are disproportionately in lower-paying fields, such as social work (89% women) and teaching (83% women)" (par. 12).

Countries: Nigeria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"'My friends were amazed when I decided to become a tricycle rider last year. They questioned why I would even consider taking up a job typically seen as meant for men. Some even laughed at me, thinking it was a joke,' she says. A growing number of Nigerian women, such as Adewale, are moving into traditionally male-dominated roles as the country battles with increasing unemployment, a high cost of living and soaring inflation that has plunged more than 133 million people below the poverty line" (para 4-5). "'The first day I picked up a customer, I felt nervous. In fact a couple I picked up that day was shocked to...more

Countries: Bolivia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"With three friends, she decided to set up a taxi service staffed by women for other women, children and older people. She worked as an Uber driver for a couple of months for research and refined her business plan. She then posted about her new business on Facebook. 'It boomed,' she says. 'People started to repost, repost, repost. It was crazy. I couldn’t believe it'" (par. 8). "Seven years on from its inception, 38 women and seven men work as drivers for Mujeres al Volante. The male drivers are used for jobs that require heavy lifting, for example, if a client uses a wheelchair. The company has won awards, and...more

Countries: Latvia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"The Committee [is] concerned about the following: the persistent gender pay gap, which also results in lower pension benefits, in traditionally female-dominated occupations [and] the ongoing vertical and horizontal gender occupational segregation" (11).

Countries: North Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"COVID-19 measures were feared to have 'a disproportionate impact on women and girls” there. Women must also be under further pressures during the pandemic as market activities, which the women relied on for their living, were greatly reduced due to border closures'" (para 13-14). This implies women are primarily only able to attain employment through market activities (CEC - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: South Africa
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"In her research, she found that women entrepreneurs sometimes had to partner with a man before being heard by financial stakeholders. And government policies were not designed to address the particular situations faced by women running a business" (para 9).