Latest items for ERBG-PRACTICE-3
Dec. 12, 2024, 1:26 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Nearly half of South Korean companies disadvantaged workers using parental leave when it came to deciding promotions, according to labor ministry statistics released last month" (para 24).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Nearly half of South Korean companies disadvantaged workers using parental leave when it came to deciding promotions, according to labor ministry statistics released last month" (para 24).
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:44 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"That's not the case for Devde though. She's separated from her husband and trying to support their son on her own. To do so, she works a patchwork of jobs, cleaning and cooking for several employers. But one of them recently replaced her with a younger man, who doesn't have to juggle unpaid work at home as she does" (para 50).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"That's not the case for Devde though. She's separated from her husband and trying to support their son on her own. To do so, she works a patchwork of jobs, cleaning and cooking for several employers. But one of them recently replaced her with a younger man, who doesn't have to juggle unpaid work at home as she does" (para 50).
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The Committee...notes with appreciation that according to 2019 data, in companies where the State party had an ownership share, the average number of women Chief Executive Officers at the executive level and on boards was at 41 per cent and above 46 per cent, respectively...[W]omen are underrepresented in the private sector and in managerial posts. According to the 2022 Norwegian Gender Balance Scorecard from the Centre for Research on Gender Equality, women only make up 27 per cent of executives and 32 per cent of board members of the 200 largest companies in the State party" (11).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The Committee...notes with appreciation that according to 2019 data, in companies where the State party had an ownership share, the average number of women Chief Executive Officers at the executive level and on boards was at 41 per cent and above 46 per cent, respectively...[W]omen are underrepresented in the private sector and in managerial posts. According to the 2022 Norwegian Gender Balance Scorecard from the Centre for Research on Gender Equality, women only make up 27 per cent of executives and 32 per cent of board members of the 200 largest companies in the State party" (11).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:33 p.m.
Countries: Belgium
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Belgian sex workers have gained the right to sick days, maternity pay and pension rights under the first law of its kind in the world. Lawmakers voted in May to give sex workers the same employment protections as any other employee, in an attempt to clamp down on abuse and exploitation. The law, which went into force on Sunday, ensures that sex workers have employment contracts and legal protection. It is intended to end a grey zone created in 2022 when sex work was decriminalised in Belgium but without conferring any protections on sex workers, or labour rights such as unemployment benefit or health insurance" (par. 1-4).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Belgian sex workers have gained the right to sick days, maternity pay and pension rights under the first law of its kind in the world. Lawmakers voted in May to give sex workers the same employment protections as any other employee, in an attempt to clamp down on abuse and exploitation. The law, which went into force on Sunday, ensures that sex workers have employment contracts and legal protection. It is intended to end a grey zone created in 2022 when sex work was decriminalised in Belgium but without conferring any protections on sex workers, or labour rights such as unemployment benefit or health insurance" (par. 1-4).
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:11 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women lead just 0.8% of the 1,643 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s top-tier prime market, according to a survey by the Kyodo news agency, which based its findings on fiscal 2023 financial statements” (para 2). "The low numbers underline the uphill struggle Japan’s government faces in reaching its target of having women in at least 30% of executive roles by the end of the decade” (para 3). “The proportion of senior women in business remains low even under the government’s wider definition of ‘executive’, which includes corporate officers, as well as directors, auditors and executive officers” (para 5). “A decade after the then prime minister, Shinzo Abe, told...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women lead just 0.8% of the 1,643 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s top-tier prime market, according to a survey by the Kyodo news agency, which based its findings on fiscal 2023 financial statements” (para 2). "The low numbers underline the uphill struggle Japan’s government faces in reaching its target of having women in at least 30% of executive roles by the end of the decade” (para 3). “The proportion of senior women in business remains low even under the government’s wider definition of ‘executive’, which includes corporate officers, as well as directors, auditors and executive officers” (para 5). “A decade after the then prime minister, Shinzo Abe, told...more
Nov. 12, 2024, 6:08 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women lead just 0.8% of the 1,643 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s top-tier prime market, according to a survey by the Kyodo news agency, which based its findings on fiscal 2023 financial statements” (para 2). "The low numbers underline the uphill struggle Japan’s government faces in reaching its target of having women in at least 30% of executive roles by the end of the decade” (para 3). “The proportion of senior women in business remains low even under the government’s wider definition of ‘executive’, which includes corporate officers, as well as directors, auditors and executive officers” (para 5). “A decade after the then prime minister, Shinzo Abe, told...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women lead just 0.8% of the 1,643 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s top-tier prime market, according to a survey by the Kyodo news agency, which based its findings on fiscal 2023 financial statements” (para 2). "The low numbers underline the uphill struggle Japan’s government faces in reaching its target of having women in at least 30% of executive roles by the end of the decade” (para 3). “The proportion of senior women in business remains low even under the government’s wider definition of ‘executive’, which includes corporate officers, as well as directors, auditors and executive officers” (para 5). “A decade after the then prime minister, Shinzo Abe, told...more
Nov. 7, 2024, 2:19 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women made up fewer than one in 20 CEOs in 2021, a Deloitte report found" (para 9). "The party [Bharatiya Janata Party] also plans to recruit more than 900 women into positions within its internal staff, seeking to have at least one-third female representation at every level of management" (para 12).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women made up fewer than one in 20 CEOs in 2021, a Deloitte report found" (para 9). "The party [Bharatiya Janata Party] also plans to recruit more than 900 women into positions within its internal staff, seeking to have at least one-third female representation at every level of management" (para 12).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"According to the 2017–2019 national employment and income survey, the proportion of women in management positions (directors and managers) has been rising steadily, increasing from 30 per cent in 2017 to 40 per cent in 2019" (17).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"According to the 2017–2019 national employment and income survey, the proportion of women in management positions (directors and managers) has been rising steadily, increasing from 30 per cent in 2017 to 40 per cent in 2019" (17).
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, NGOFW-PRACTICE-1
"Consolidation support was provided for 2,280 cooperatives, 1,408 of which are headed by women" (21).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, NGOFW-PRACTICE-1
"Consolidation support was provided for 2,280 cooperatives, 1,408 of which are headed by women" (21).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Act No. 004 of 24 November 2016 introduc[es] gender parity in public, semi-public and private-sector employment in both the informal and formal sectors" (11). "[N]o distinction is made between men and women in terms of conditions of access to work and salaries, because they are treated equally on the basis of their schooling or professional training" (36).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Act No. 004 of 24 November 2016 introduc[es] gender parity in public, semi-public and private-sector employment in both the informal and formal sectors" (11). "[N]o distinction is made between men and women in terms of conditions of access to work and salaries, because they are treated equally on the basis of their schooling or professional training" (36).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
Table 3 on page 27 shows that women comprise 31% of political parties' central committees, 45% of heads of NGOs, and 20% of heads of unions in 2014. (27). "The Executive or Central Committees of Political Parties are also male dominated with the majority of them having only one female representative at this level of their structure. Trade Unions show a similar trend of male predominance with females accounting for only 20%. Women in the management of NGOs are at 45%. However, this is not surprising given the voluntary nature of such organizations and their social development mandates. Governing bodies of Parastatal Organizations also show huge gender gaps and a...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
Table 3 on page 27 shows that women comprise 31% of political parties' central committees, 45% of heads of NGOs, and 20% of heads of unions in 2014. (27). "The Executive or Central Committees of Political Parties are also male dominated with the majority of them having only one female representative at this level of their structure. Trade Unions show a similar trend of male predominance with females accounting for only 20%. Women in the management of NGOs are at 45%. However, this is not surprising given the voluntary nature of such organizations and their social development mandates. Governing bodies of Parastatal Organizations also show huge gender gaps and a...more
Jan. 4, 2024, 10:41 a.m.
Countries: Singapore
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"As of June 2021, statutory boards have achieved 28.8 per cent women’s representation, an increase from 23.3 per cent in 2018, and the non-profit organisations achieved 28.1 per cent women’s representation, an increase from 27.4 per cent in 2018" (14). "In the Singapore Public Service, women are appointed to leadership positions based on the principles of equal opportunity and meritocracy... [B]oth men and women, are nominated and selected for such programmes based on their performance and leadership potential" (18). "Singapore is committed to the principle of meritocracy. Employers are encouraged to recruit, select and promote employees based on merit (such as skills, experience or ability to perform the job)" (24).more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"As of June 2021, statutory boards have achieved 28.8 per cent women’s representation, an increase from 23.3 per cent in 2018, and the non-profit organisations achieved 28.1 per cent women’s representation, an increase from 27.4 per cent in 2018" (14). "In the Singapore Public Service, women are appointed to leadership positions based on the principles of equal opportunity and meritocracy... [B]oth men and women, are nominated and selected for such programmes based on their performance and leadership potential" (18). "Singapore is committed to the principle of meritocracy. Employers are encouraged to recruit, select and promote employees based on merit (such as skills, experience or ability to perform the job)" (24).more
Jan. 3, 2024, 4:24 p.m.
Countries: Singapore
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Under the Tripartite Guidelines on Fair Employment Practices (TGFEP), all employers are expected to abide by merit-based principles of employment" (24).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Under the Tripartite Guidelines on Fair Employment Practices (TGFEP), all employers are expected to abide by merit-based principles of employment" (24).
Nov. 22, 2023, 5:13 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Officials and managers regularly check whether women are wearing a jilbab. Women cannot even interview for a job in many places unless they wear a jilbab" (60).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Officials and managers regularly check whether women are wearing a jilbab. Women cannot even interview for a job in many places unless they wear a jilbab" (60).
Nov. 22, 2023, 12:25 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The Saudi Labor Ministry fines employers and workers who breach guidelines on sex segregation and women’s dress code, including mandatory jilbabs. These rules mean, said a Saudi woman, 'Companies don’t want to hire women. It is too much of a hassle.'" (109).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The Saudi Labor Ministry fines employers and workers who breach guidelines on sex segregation and women’s dress code, including mandatory jilbabs. These rules mean, said a Saudi woman, 'Companies don’t want to hire women. It is too much of a hassle.'" (109).
Nov. 21, 2023, 5:58 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"'China’s patriarchal political structure limits women’s upward mobility,' said Pan Wang, senior lecturer in Chinese and Asian studies at the University of New South Wales" (para. 13). "Chinese women are held back by a variety of factors, Pan said. They include cultural expectations that women do more in the home, a career structure that forces them to retire earlier than men, just as they might be reaching their professional peak, and education and socialisation that discourages them from political ambitions" (para. 15). "Requiring a minimal role for female cadres has opened the door a crack, but as the new Politburo line-up showed, has not changed a misogynist political culture" (para....more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"'China’s patriarchal political structure limits women’s upward mobility,' said Pan Wang, senior lecturer in Chinese and Asian studies at the University of New South Wales" (para. 13). "Chinese women are held back by a variety of factors, Pan said. They include cultural expectations that women do more in the home, a career structure that forces them to retire earlier than men, just as they might be reaching their professional peak, and education and socialisation that discourages them from political ambitions" (para. 15). "Requiring a minimal role for female cadres has opened the door a crack, but as the new Politburo line-up showed, has not changed a misogynist political culture" (para....more
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
“As [Yuna] wanders through the dark alleys of her local food market, dressed in a black baseball cap, oversized jeans, and a T-shirt, she tries to disguise herself as she recounts her experience. This is a small town, and she has done something she could have been fired for. She filmed everything and reported the bank to the government, to be investigated” (para 4). Yuna could have been fired for recording and reporting the bank’s treatment of female employees (ET - CODER COMMENT). "South Korea may have blossomed into a cultural and technological powerhouse, but in its rapid transformation into one of the richest countries in the world, women have...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
“As [Yuna] wanders through the dark alleys of her local food market, dressed in a black baseball cap, oversized jeans, and a T-shirt, she tries to disguise herself as she recounts her experience. This is a small town, and she has done something she could have been fired for. She filmed everything and reported the bank to the government, to be investigated” (para 4). Yuna could have been fired for recording and reporting the bank’s treatment of female employees (ET - CODER COMMENT). "South Korea may have blossomed into a cultural and technological powerhouse, but in its rapid transformation into one of the richest countries in the world, women have...more
Oct. 10, 2023, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
“'Before this legislation, too often, when a pregnant worker needed a minor change in workplace duties or policies because of pregnancy, she was forced to take unpaid leave or be pushed out of work entirely—at a moment when she and her family could least afford it'" (para 6). Job termination is associated with pregnancy. Hiring and promotion may be stymied for women by the potential to become pregnant (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
“'Before this legislation, too often, when a pregnant worker needed a minor change in workplace duties or policies because of pregnancy, she was forced to take unpaid leave or be pushed out of work entirely—at a moment when she and her family could least afford it'" (para 6). Job termination is associated with pregnancy. Hiring and promotion may be stymied for women by the potential to become pregnant (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State party in promoting access for women to employment. It also notes that discrimination in the workplace is prohibited under article 6 (2) of the Labour Code. However, the Committee is concerned that the following factors impede the full achievement of equality at work:(a) The reports of discrimination in employment and sexual harassment in the workplace, exacerbated by persistent gender stereotypes; (b) The significant gender pay gap (34 per cent) and the horizontal and vertical segregation in the labour market, including the list of 191 prohibited occupations for women, the concentration of women in traditional and low-paid sectors of the economy and...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State party in promoting access for women to employment. It also notes that discrimination in the workplace is prohibited under article 6 (2) of the Labour Code. However, the Committee is concerned that the following factors impede the full achievement of equality at work:(a) The reports of discrimination in employment and sexual harassment in the workplace, exacerbated by persistent gender stereotypes; (b) The significant gender pay gap (34 per cent) and the horizontal and vertical segregation in the labour market, including the list of 191 prohibited occupations for women, the concentration of women in traditional and low-paid sectors of the economy and...more
Sept. 26, 2023, 10:48 a.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"However, there are reservations in certain quarters, particularly within the UGT trade union, one of the country's two major unions, over concerns about the possibility that employers who want to avoid these absences will put a brake on the hiring of women" (para 7).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"However, there are reservations in certain quarters, particularly within the UGT trade union, one of the country's two major unions, over concerns about the possibility that employers who want to avoid these absences will put a brake on the hiring of women" (para 7).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The involvement of women in decision-making bodies has resulted in major progress, including, most notably:More generally, the representation of women in the public sector has improved, rising from 15,584 women (18.40 per cent) to 16,346 women (19.09 per cent) between 2009 and 2010. In 2010...1.58 percent of the territorial administration." (6). "A variety of posts are held by women:...one civil administrator...one Financial Analyst; and one academic, among others." (19). "A bonus of 5 points is granted to all women who aspire to leadership positions. The number of women in leadership positions between 2014 and 2018 has increased." (20). "It is important to note that strengthening normative, legal and policy frameworks...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The involvement of women in decision-making bodies has resulted in major progress, including, most notably:More generally, the representation of women in the public sector has improved, rising from 15,584 women (18.40 per cent) to 16,346 women (19.09 per cent) between 2009 and 2010. In 2010...1.58 percent of the territorial administration." (6). "A variety of posts are held by women:...one civil administrator...one Financial Analyst; and one academic, among others." (19). "A bonus of 5 points is granted to all women who aspire to leadership positions. The number of women in leadership positions between 2014 and 2018 has increased." (20). "It is important to note that strengthening normative, legal and policy frameworks...more
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"[W]omen continue to be underrepresented in legislative bodies, ministerial posts and local governments, as well as in the judiciary, the police force, the foreign service and academic institutions, particularly at the decision-making level. [There is also] the lack of representation of women belonging to ethnic minority groups and indigenous women in political and public life" (9).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"[W]omen continue to be underrepresented in legislative bodies, ministerial posts and local governments, as well as in the judiciary, the police force, the foreign service and academic institutions, particularly at the decision-making level. [There is also] the lack of representation of women belonging to ethnic minority groups and indigenous women in political and public life" (9).
July 21, 2023, 11:58 a.m.
Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The National Council of Youth Organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan that unites 128 youth organizations has a chairwoman. The vice president of the State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan is woman" (18). "The Law on Public Participation was adopted in 2014. It has made compulsory to establish public councils attached to relevant institutions. In this regard, the elections to the Public Council under [the Society of Women for Rational Development] have taken place in May 2017 (a woman was elected the chair of the said Council). 9 NGOs (6 of them are headed by women) were also elected to the Council as members" (18).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"The National Council of Youth Organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan that unites 128 youth organizations has a chairwoman. The vice president of the State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan is woman" (18). "The Law on Public Participation was adopted in 2014. It has made compulsory to establish public councils attached to relevant institutions. In this regard, the elections to the Public Council under [the Society of Women for Rational Development] have taken place in May 2017 (a woman was elected the chair of the said Council). 9 NGOs (6 of them are headed by women) were also elected to the Council as members" (18).
July 14, 2023, 10:40 p.m.
Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"On November 28, 2018, the State Customs Committee has launched a contest for vacant places to be filled by women only… The aim of this action was to contribute to the State policies aimed at ensuring the gender equality" (10).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"On November 28, 2018, the State Customs Committee has launched a contest for vacant places to be filled by women only… The aim of this action was to contribute to the State policies aimed at ensuring the gender equality" (10).
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"In 2017,...and 26% among corporate representation." (17). "In the public sector, 19.5 % of women are in managerial positions as of 2016, and women make up 55.6% of the civil service overall." (17-18). "The Maldives Association of Tourism Industry has made efforts to ensure greater inclusion of women in decision-making positions. Currently, its Executive Board has three women leaders in the tourism sector on the Board." (18). "On the COs regarding the assurance of rural women participation in decisionmaking processes affecting the management of natural resources at the community level, the National Disaster Management Centre has been supporting women to participate in the broader Community Emergency Responses Teams (CERT) established...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"In 2017,...and 26% among corporate representation." (17). "In the public sector, 19.5 % of women are in managerial positions as of 2016, and women make up 55.6% of the civil service overall." (17-18). "The Maldives Association of Tourism Industry has made efforts to ensure greater inclusion of women in decision-making positions. Currently, its Executive Board has three women leaders in the tourism sector on the Board." (18). "On the COs regarding the assurance of rural women participation in decisionmaking processes affecting the management of natural resources at the community level, the National Disaster Management Centre has been supporting women to participate in the broader Community Emergency Responses Teams (CERT) established...more
June 27, 2023, 11:15 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women reported facing employment discrimination with job offers being extended to less qualified male applicants. Leaders of women’s organizations reported that discrimination was common, and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions" (37-38). "Men held a large percentage of positions of authority in government and the private sector" (38).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women reported facing employment discrimination with job offers being extended to less qualified male applicants. Leaders of women’s organizations reported that discrimination was common, and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions" (37-38). "Men held a large percentage of positions of authority in government and the private sector" (38).
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women make up more than 50 percent of those mobilized to support families in social crisis and to participate in recreational, sports, cultural, environmental and communication activities." (10). "...In the boards of directors and general secretariats of social, trade union and labour movements, 50 percent of leaders are women..."(16). "At the university level, women are taking the lead: they account for 89 percent of teachers and 56 percent of educational directors and leaders, and they enjoy the right to equal pay for equal work." (20). "At present, 72 percent of the members of the community health network are women, with midwives and brigade members totalling 32,854. Women make up 65...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Women make up more than 50 percent of those mobilized to support families in social crisis and to participate in recreational, sports, cultural, environmental and communication activities." (10). "...In the boards of directors and general secretariats of social, trade union and labour movements, 50 percent of leaders are women..."(16). "At the university level, women are taking the lead: they account for 89 percent of teachers and 56 percent of educational directors and leaders, and they enjoy the right to equal pay for equal work." (20). "At present, 72 percent of the members of the community health network are women, with midwives and brigade members totalling 32,854. Women make up 65...more
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"There are 228 women in working at the University of World Economy and Diplomacy, including 6 in leadership positions. The mechanism for promoting and training women and upgrading their skills for leadership positions is the same as for men, in accordance with their qualifications." (21).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"There are 228 women in working at the University of World Economy and Diplomacy, including 6 in leadership positions. The mechanism for promoting and training women and upgrading their skills for leadership positions is the same as for men, in accordance with their qualifications." (21).
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"[T]he Federal Civil Service Proclamation incorporate affirmative action favouring female candidates who have equal or close scores to that of male candidates" (8). "[To increase recruitment and promotion] the government provided leadership training to women and avails scholarship opportunities for female employees to obtain the required educational qualifications (1st and 2nd degree)" (13). It is easier for men to obtain qualifications (MV-coder comment). "[A]ffirmative measures that accord 3 additional points for women are implemented during recruitment and promotion. This has resulted in the promotion of 38 women to higher positions in 2013/14" (13). "Women are concentrated in jobs of lower positions. Women hold only 27 per cent of managerial positions...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"[T]he Federal Civil Service Proclamation incorporate affirmative action favouring female candidates who have equal or close scores to that of male candidates" (8). "[To increase recruitment and promotion] the government provided leadership training to women and avails scholarship opportunities for female employees to obtain the required educational qualifications (1st and 2nd degree)" (13). It is easier for men to obtain qualifications (MV-coder comment). "[A]ffirmative measures that accord 3 additional points for women are implemented during recruitment and promotion. This has resulted in the promotion of 38 women to higher positions in 2013/14" (13). "Women are concentrated in jobs of lower positions. Women hold only 27 per cent of managerial positions...more
March 16, 2023, 3:32 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
“The survey findings also show that there are some small differences in the profile and performance of women-owned companies in relation to Bulgarian SMEs in general. All entrepreneurs face barriers: socio-cultural, legal, economic, financial, regulatory and fiscal, and educational, although, these barriers are greater for Bulgarian women than for men. It is also possible that this survey presents skewed results because the researchers only interviewed successful and surviving women entrepreneurs. It is possible, given the various forms of gender discrimination in the formal sector that women face even greater limitations to becoming a successful entrepreneur than those barriers alluded to above” (46). “The interviewers found that in general Bulgarian women...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
“The survey findings also show that there are some small differences in the profile and performance of women-owned companies in relation to Bulgarian SMEs in general. All entrepreneurs face barriers: socio-cultural, legal, economic, financial, regulatory and fiscal, and educational, although, these barriers are greater for Bulgarian women than for men. It is also possible that this survey presents skewed results because the researchers only interviewed successful and surviving women entrepreneurs. It is possible, given the various forms of gender discrimination in the formal sector that women face even greater limitations to becoming a successful entrepreneur than those barriers alluded to above” (46). “The interviewers found that in general Bulgarian women...more