The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
women in the world.

Latest items for ERBG-LAW-1

Nov. 16, 2024, 4:25 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Afghanistan is one of the few countries where there are no female judges, attorneys, or prosecutors" (para 1). "Despite the fact that women are trained in law, the present bar directorate at the Ministry of Justice canceled all the bar licenses of female attorneys and continues to not accept any applications from women. The Taliban have declared that in accordance with sharia law and principles, women should not serve as judges ... Afghanistan is one of the few countries where women are no longer permitted to serve as judges as a result of Taliban policy. They are also ineligible to practice law and prosecute crimes" (para 3, 4). "In addition,...more
Nov. 16, 2024, 3:40 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The recent Taliban ban on women working in international and national organisations and women moving about public spaces has also affected women being able to find employment" (para 4). "The Taliban also ordered the closure of all beauty salons, public bathrooms, and sports centres for women, important sectors of employment for women" (para 17).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The Committee welcomes the amendments to the Labour Law to strengthen the equal treatment of women and men in employment and consider harassment as a form of discrimination. It also takes note of the inclusive employment guidelines for the period 2015–2020, which are aimed at promoting equal opportunities in the labour market for all persons, regardless of age, gender or disability, and have overcoming the gender pay gap as one of the key priorities" (11).
Nov. 1, 2024, 10:37 a.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The Public Order Act of 1996 imposed conservative Islamic social codes which restricted women’s movement, work and study" (para 10).
Oct. 16, 2024, 3:08 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Afghanistan is one of the few countries where there are no female judges, attorneys, or prosecutors" (para 1). "Despite the fact that women are trained in law, the present bar directorate at the Ministry of Justice canceled all the bar licenses of female attorneys and continues to not accept any applications from women. The Taliban have declared that in accordance with sharia law and principles, women should not serve as judges ... Afghanistan is one of the few countries where women are no longer permitted to serve as judges as a result of Taliban policy. They are also ineligible to practice law and prosecute crimes" (para 3, 4). "In addition,...more
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-LAW-1

"Afghanistan's Taliban-run administration on Saturday ordered all local and foreign non-governmental organisations (NGO) to stop female employees from coming to work, according to an economy ministry letter" (para 1). "The Taliban have banned girls from middle school and high school, barred women from most fields of employment and ordered them to wear head-to-toe clothing in public. Women are also banned from parks and gyms" (para 37).
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"In 2011, The Labour Act Revised Edition 2011, CAP 297 of the Laws of Belize 2 was amended to protect workers from unfair dismissal and unequal treatment in the workplace due to pregnancy, HIV status, and filing a sexual harassment case against an employer or co-worker. Prior to the revision of this law women and other workers did not have law protection to address these abuses in the workplace" (3).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The Ministry of Labour and Social Security is implementing the 2017–2032 national policy for decent employment, whose priority areas and guiding principles include gender equity, with the aim of ensuring that women have access to fairly paid and productive work under conditions that ensure respect for their freedom, security and human dignity" (22). "In 2021, in order promote access to employment for women and other vulnerable groups, the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, through the National Employment Service, held the first job fair for persons with disabilities, where 2,227 jobs were offered by 57 companies. The Ministry also held a job fair for young people with the participation of...more
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The [Social Protection] Fund also provides vocational and technical training to young women and unqualified women, to give them access to the formal sector" (17).
Feb. 20, 2024, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Law No. 16/010 of 15 July 2016, amending and supplementing Law No. 015-2002 of 16 October 2002, on the Labour Code, allows women to work at night" (2).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Act No. 004 of 24 November 2016 establishes parity between men and women in all forms of employment" (21). "[Act No.004] article 7 (derived from article 80 of the Constitution of 30 March 2016), [establishes] a quota of 35 per cent for female candidates for decision-making positions in all areas of employment" (31).
Jan. 4, 2024, 10:41 a.m.
Countries: Singapore
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"[T]he statutory minimum Retirement Age (RA) and Re-employment Age (REA) [is currently] 62 and 67 years" (27).
Nov. 6, 2023, 11:49 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Rural women are entitled to equal access to various kinds of training, which helps to improve their technical skills so that they will be better positioned to enter the labour market and enjoy greater employment opportunities" (19-20). "Enhanced efforts have been made to build wellness and lactation rooms for women at work. In 2016, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, together with nine other agencies, issued the Guidance on Further Promoting the Construction of Maternity Facilities, which proposed that, by the end of 2020, all employers to be equipped with maternity facilities should have such standardized facilities mostly in place" (21).
Oct. 30, 2023, 8:09 a.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"As of September 2017, provisions on prohibited work for women had been implemented by 1.633 million grassroots labour unions, covering 3.77 million employers and benefiting 72.296 million women; provisions for the special treatment for female employees during menstruation, pregnancy and postpartum and lactation periods had been implemented by 1.64 million grass-roots labour unions, covering 3.798 million employers and benefiting 73.358 million women" (22). "“One Million-Strong New Women Farmers Training Initiative” and the “5123 Programme” (aimed at training 50,000 women entrepreneurs, 10,000 women managers, 20,000 women champions and more than 3,000 women cadres in rural areas" (27).
Oct. 10, 2023, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Tuesday, June 27, 2023: The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act takes effect today, requiring employers to make 'reasonable accommodations' for pregnant and postpartum workers" (para 1). “'Today’s Senate vote is a historic victory that has been more than 10 years in the making,' said Fatima Goss Graves, president and CEO of the National Women’s Law Center. 'When this end-of year package passes the House and is signed into law, it will no longer be the case that pregnant workers can be ousted from their jobs for simply requesting basic accommodations like permission to sit on a stool, carry a bottle of water, or take additional bathroom breaks" (para 5). "And while...more
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State party in promoting access for women to employment. It also notes that discrimination in the workplace is prohibited under article 6 (2) of the Labour Code. (a) The reports of discrimination in employment and sexual harassment in the workplace, exacerbated by persistent gender stereotypes; (b) The significant gender pay gap (34 per cent) and the horizontal and vertical segregation in the labour market, including the list of 191 prohibited occupations for women, the concentration of women in traditional and low-paid sectors of the economy and a glass ceiling that precludes most women from reaching senior management positions" (pp.12-13).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The labor law prohibits discrimination in employment and occupation based on race, sex, religion, disability, or language... The constitution prohibits all forms of discrimination, although it does not specifically address sexual orientation or gender identity (see section 6)" (27).
Sept. 6, 2023, 5:35 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"[A] source with Taliban leadership ties told the Guardian that even if practical barriers to women entering higher education are removed, the authorities are considering limiting them to degrees in healthcare and education...Previously, under Taliban rule from 1996 to 2001, women weren't allowed to work or be educated" (para 12, 15).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The law prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, skin color, national origin, creed, sex, marital status, political opinion, age, HIV status, and disability, but not based on language, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, or social status" (17).
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The Committee recalls its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/CIV/CO/1-3, para. 39) and recommends that the State party, in line with target 8.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals: (a) Enforce articles 5, 21.2, 23.6, 23.11, 25.1, 31.1 and 31.2 of Law No. 2015-532, consider ratifying the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) and the Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190) of the International Labour Organization, promote the transition of women in the informal sector to the formal sector, and ensure that women employed in the informal sector are effectively covered by social and labour protection, including by the planned pension scheme and the universal health insurance system (CEDAW/C/CIV/4, para. 222); (b)...more
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"To promote women’s access to employment and significantly reduce unemployment, the following measures have been taken: Creation of a General Delegation for Rapid Entrepreneurship for Women and Youth in September 2017; Implementation of the project to support the promotion of youth and women’s employment; Launching of women’s projects and women’s groups by the National Fund for the Promotion of Female Entrepreneurship." (21).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"[T]he Penal Code prohibits only certain forms of direct discrimination, such as denial of access to goods, services or employment" (3). "[T]he ruling of the Arbitration Council placing a cumulative two-year cap on the use of fixed-duration contracts and limiting the number of times that a fixed-duration contract can be renewed before it is converted into an undetermined-duration contract [is not enforced]" (12).
July 21, 2023, 11:58 a.m.
Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"According to Article 240, it is inadmissible to reject the conclusion of labor contract with a woman for the reason of her pregnancy or her child aged below 3” (23).
July 14, 2023, 6:32 p.m.
Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Articles 79, 91, 130, 243 and 244 of the Code envisage following guarantees: The termination of a working contract by the employer is prohibited in relation to women with pregnancy and also, having a child below 3 once they have the current job as the only income source and the employee that up bring a child aged below the school age on their own only; To set a shortened working hour not exceeding 36 hours while paying the full salary amount for a woman with pregnancy, a woman with a child aged below 18 months and a parent that up brings on his/her own a child aged below 3; Decrease...more
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The Constitution enacted in 2008 grants the right to work, organize trade unions, the right to strike and prohibits forced labour and discrimination. Article 37 (a) of the Constitution provides that everyone has the right to work. Article 25 (a) states that no one shall be held in slavery or servitude, or be required to perform forced labour. Article 31 allows for workers to strike and Article 38 states that all citizens have a right to earn pension." (20). "On the CO in which the Committee invites the State party to develop positive measures to ensure that women equally benefit from all social schemes in place in the State party,...more
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Under article 140 of the Code, women are prohibited from working while pregnant in jobs or on tasks that may be dangerous, with no loss in salary or position." (12). "A total of 2,277,289 participants from the Usura Cero and Hambre Cero programmes have been trained in personal development, stronger entrepreneurship, food sovereignty, values and gender equity. A total of 46,976 participants have improved their skills in enterprises related to family economy, production, trade and tourism for the benefit of family prosperity. A total of 52,186 experienced but unqualified workers from the industrial, construction, agricultural and hotel sectors have received professional skills certification. Skills-development programmes have been designed to boost...more
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Since the consideration of Uzbekistan’s fifth periodic report on the implementation of the Convention, consistent and systematic work has been ongoing to strengthen the social and legal status of women, which has been facilitated by the adoption of such policy documents as:The State programme on the implementation of the strategy of action in five priority areas for the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan over the period 2017–2021 during the year of support for active entrepreneurship, innovative ideas and technologies (dated 22 January 2018). The State programme on the implementation of the strategy of action in five priority areas for the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan over the period...more
March 31, 2023, 2:31 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Act No. 81 of 2016 on civil service guarantees the right of citizens to hold civil service jobs and prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in the application of laws" (2). "Ministerial Decrees Nos. 43 and 44 of April 2021 repealed the restriction prohibiting women from performing night work and working in certain occupations" (9). "[T]he Labour Code prohibits wage discrimination on the ground of sex, and the concentration of women in the informal and agriculture sectors" (10).
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"The law ensures the right to work including the freedom to choose one’s profession; equality and non-discrimination during recruitment, promotion, salary as well as other aspects of employment based on sex as well as the right to equal remuneration to work of equal value" (16).
March 16, 2023, 3:32 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1, ERBG-LAW-2

“In some cases, legislation that is designed to protect women is used to discriminate against them. Forms of protection, such as long maternity leave; the inability to send a pregnant woman or one with children under the age of 3 on a business trip; women’s prohibition from strenuous work, night work or overtime — in some cases these provisions disadvantage women by depriving them of opportunities for professional development. Such extensive protection for women employees sometimes makes employers less inclined to hire women, or to employ them without legal contracts and therefore having no access to social security benefits. In the trade, textile and food sectors, 46 per cent of...more