Countries: Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"The latest World Bank data says women represent 23% of India’s workforce, as compared with 32% in Bangladesh and 34.5% in Sri Lanka" (par. 5).

Countries: Ecuador
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"In terms of suitable employment status, the gap between men and women was reported as 30.1 per cent in 2018, which implies a reduction compared with 30.6 per cent in 2014" (2). "In December 2019, the overall employment rate stood at 96.7 per cent for men and 95.4 per cent for women; however, the full employment rate was 44.8 per cent for men and 30.6 per cent for women. In the same year, underemployment stood at 19 per cent for men and 16.2 per cent for women, while unemployment stood at 4.6 per cent for women and 3.3 per cent for men" (2). "According to data from the National Survey...more

Countries: Australia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"According to a Department of Industry, Science and Resources report released in August last year, the gap between women's and men's pay in STEM industries sat at 16 per cent in 2023, a slight improvement from 17 per cent in 2022" (para 10). "Only 37 per cent of university STEM enrolments are from women, who represent 15 per cent of all people working in STEM jobs" (para 11).

Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"Only 30% of women in India aged 15 to 64 were in the labor force in 2022, according to the International Labor Organization, as conservative values lead many families to discourage women working outside the home. In the U.S., the corresponding rate is 68%" (para 8).

Countries: Dominican Republic
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"About 60 per cent of formal-sector workers registered in the Integrated Labour Registry System are male" (30).

Countries: Morocco
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

In Table 6, titled "Percentage of women’s access to public administration" the percentages of women in positions of responsibility and senior positions are recorded for the years from 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018. In total, the percentage of women increases each year, from 38.6% in 2012 to 39.8% in 2018. For positions of responsibility, where women are the head of department or authority, the percentages increase each year, from 16.21% in 2012 to 23.27% in 2018. For senior positions, where women are General Secretary, General Director, or Director, the percentages increase each year as well, going from 10.36%5 in 2012 to 16.59% in 2018 (19). Table 8, titled "Number...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"[T]he female labor force participation rate was initially lower than that of the U.S. but started to rise sharply around 2013, surpassing the U.S. rate in the mid-2010s and continuing to grow. By 2023, it approaches 80%" (Para 11). "The United States once had higher female labor force participation for working-age women than other advanced economies, but it has now been surpassed by many, including Japan as of 2015" (Para 19). "These days, about 77 percent of prime-age women in the United States have a job or are looking for one. That number is about 83 percent for Japanese women, up from about 74 percent a decade ago and about...more

Countries: Honduras
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"[T]he Committee notes with concern: (a) The low workforce participation rate among women (42.33 per cent in 2021) due to the disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic and care work placed on women… (d) The high unemployment rate among Indigenous women, rural women and women with disabilities" (12).

Countries: Chile
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"As indicated by the National Socio-economic Characterisation Survey (CASEN) , since the 1990s women's participation in labour has increased, but it is still lower than men's: in 2017, women in work were 48.8% and men 71.6%. 19.4% of women do not enter employment because they perform domestic work and care for children, the elderly or other family members, while men perform only 0.6% of these tasks, and this situation is even more pronounced for women with less economic autonomy" (2). "In the labour sector, the percentage of active women is 37.2% and 53.1% of men" (5). Given the context of this quote, it is unclear from the document if this...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"Cambodian women have a labor force participation rate of 79.7%, the highest in the region. Approximately 700,000 garment and footwear workers, over 85% of whom are women, are currently employed by more than 600 mostly foreign-owned factories" (2). "Women are estimated to account for up to 30% of the total workforce[in the construction sector]. However, employment in this sector is often informal and precarious, and accounts for about 11% of all informal employment in Cambodia" (2).

Countries: Brunei
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-2

"In Southeast Asia, Brunei has the highest proportion of women in middle management and senior managerial roles in the private sector (37%)" (para 12).

Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"Female representation in higher education is rising, yet female labor-force participation, as of 2021, sits at a paltry twenty-three per cent, declining from twenty-eight per cent in 1990. A 2015 study published in The World Bank Economic Review showed that women were less likely to work when their husbands were educated and had high incomes" (para 36).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"Women lead just 0.8% of the 1,643 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s top-tier prime market, according to a survey by the Kyodo news agency, which based its findings on fiscal 2023 financial statements” (para 2). The low numbers underline the uphill struggle Japan’s government faces in reaching its target of having women in at least 30% of executive roles by the end of the decade” (para 3). “According to a 2022 OECD survey, women held just 15.5% of executive positions in Japan, compared with 40.9% in Britain and 45.2% in France. Only China and South Korea had a smaller proportion of female executives” (para 7)more

Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"But India still has a low labor force participation rate among women compared to other countries, a figure that had been on a long downward slide until the past few years. Women make up less than a third of India’s urban labor force, and men vastly outnumber women in both government and private-sector jobs" (para 16).

Countries: Italy
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2

"More than 40% of Italian women aged 30 to 69 do not work, according to the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), mostly because they are unable to juggle a job and taking care of their family" (para 33).