Countries: Bolivia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"An estimated 21,000 women work in construction in Bolivia, according to the International Labour Organization (ILO), amounting to about 4.5% of the 471,000-strong workforce. Almost two thirds are unpaid... According to the ILO, the wage gap between men and women is 38%" (para 5-6).

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"Black women are the least likely to be among the UK’s top earners compared to any other racial or gender group, according to a report by the London School of Economics" (para 8).

Countries: Latvia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"The Committee welcomes the fact that pensions increase every year and notes that women benefit proportionately more in that regard than men, in particular because there are more female than male recipients of low pensions, and recipients of low pensions are often also entitled to receive additional social benefits. The Committee also welcomes the increase in social benefits for women with disabilities" (13).

Countries: Serbia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"[There is] persistent gender pay gap and vertical and horizontal occupational segregation in the labour market" (13). It is unclear whether these segregations are gender -based or position -based (MV-coder comment).

Countries: D R Congo
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"[T]he principle of equal pay for work of equal value [is not effectively enforced]" (11). This indicates the presence of a gender pay gap (MV-coder comment).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"The Income and Wages Index across sectors as reflected in the African Gender and Development Index Botswana Report of 2012 illustrates that overall women in Botswana earn less than men. Although the gender gap is not enormous, the fact that women constitute the majority of the population and their employment in the Civil Service is higher masks the real income inequalities (wages) between women and men" (30).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"As of 2021, the gender pay gap in South Korea was 31%" (pp 13).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"South Korea may have blossomed into a cultural and technological powerhouse, but in its rapid transformation into one of the richest countries in the world, women have been left trailing. They are paid on average a third less than men, giving South Korea the worst gender pay gap of any rich country in the world. Men dominate politics and boardrooms. Currently, women hold just 5.8% of the executive positions in South Korea's publicly listed companies. They are still expected to take on most of the housework and childcare” (para 7). The expectation for women to care for men and children influences the likelihood of them finding jobs elsewhere (ET -...more

Countries: Guyana
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"[W]omen earned approximately 61 percent less than men for equal work" (9). "Unorganized workers, particularly women in the informal sector, were often paid less than the minimum wage" (15).

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"[D]espite decreases in recent years, the gender pay gap persists in the State party (13.5 per cent)... [There is a] difference between the maximum retirement age for women and men... [this results] in a gender pension gap of 28 per cent" (10). This applies to all sectors (MV- coder comment).

Countries: Maldives
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"Women’s overall monthly earnings are MVR 7,510 (approximately USD$487) as compared to MVR 11,977(approximately USD$776) for men." (22). "The state Retirement Pension scheme is funded through contributions from employees and employers while in employment. Increased awareness among women many of whom are home based workers and/or operating in the informal sector – of the importance of ensuring their contribution to the Pension scheme. To date, of the total contributors to the State Pension Scheme, over 70% are men, and only approximately 30% are women." (28).

Countries: Egypt
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"[There is] persistence of the gender pay gap" (10).

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

“During the past decade of post-socialist transformations, it seems that official labour statistics have indicated that women and men have fared equally, although many suggest that such data hides the practical manifestations of discrimination in the work force. One reason for similarities in the data — such as the male and female unemployment rates — could be that there are now fewer women active and registered in the labour force. Often, as state services were cut, women left the active labour force in order to remain at home with children. Similarly, women who start small businesses from their homes to augment levels of income are also not considered as part...more

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-1

“We found another interesting piece of data as well: only 2% of the companies are founded entirely by women, and 20% have a female co-founder, stats the latest report by EDIT. Our observation, however not backed by any data, is that women are rather the business development engines in tech companies, regardless of the fact that some of them come from engineering backgrounds and others did not have any technology experience in previous careers” (second paragraph).

Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1

"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women]... remains concerned about…[t]he persistent gender pay gap" (10).