Latest items for DV-LAW-2
Feb. 12, 2025, 7:04 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Pakistan (and many other countries around the globe) have tried to address these problems with women's police stations staffed by women. In July, Saleem established a new kind of facility in Gujranwala: a Women's Enclave. Decorated with pink and purple couches, it provides a safe space for women to file complaints informally before contacting a police station and assits victims with counseling and getting a lawyer" (par .4).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Pakistan (and many other countries around the globe) have tried to address these problems with women's police stations staffed by women. In July, Saleem established a new kind of facility in Gujranwala: a Women's Enclave. Decorated with pink and purple couches, it provides a safe space for women to file complaints informally before contacting a police station and assits victims with counseling and getting a lawyer" (par .4).
Feb. 8, 2025, 12:26 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Amina Haji Elmi, director of the Mogadishu-based advocacy group Save Somali Women and Children, said, 'Somali women, alongside others, have been living in the war-ravaged country. They were victimised by both natural disasters and man-caused problems. Currently, women are facing many challenges; among them are lack of support and poverty. They do not get protection and support after incidents'" (par. 6-7).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Amina Haji Elmi, director of the Mogadishu-based advocacy group Save Somali Women and Children, said, 'Somali women, alongside others, have been living in the war-ravaged country. They were victimised by both natural disasters and man-caused problems. Currently, women are facing many challenges; among them are lack of support and poverty. They do not get protection and support after incidents'" (par. 6-7).
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:05 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"New protective measures have been adopted. The spouse committing the violation is removed. The perpetrator is warned to desist in cases where threats are made, and forced to pledge not to commit violations. Nursing women are returned with the child they are nursing to the home. The perpetrator is prohibited from being in the vicinity of the victim or her home, and notified that he is prohibited from spending the couple’s joint finances, and so on" (48). "Judges have become firmly convinced that domestic violence can be documented by a variety of means, including doctor’s certificates, photographs, exams and a variety of other available evidence" (49).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"New protective measures have been adopted. The spouse committing the violation is removed. The perpetrator is warned to desist in cases where threats are made, and forced to pledge not to commit violations. Nursing women are returned with the child they are nursing to the home. The perpetrator is prohibited from being in the vicinity of the victim or her home, and notified that he is prohibited from spending the couple’s joint finances, and so on" (48). "Judges have become firmly convinced that domestic violence can be documented by a variety of means, including doctor’s certificates, photographs, exams and a variety of other available evidence" (49).
Jan. 25, 2025, 12:56 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2
"In 2021, the Ivorian government adopted measures to protect victims of domestic violence, rape and sexual violence in general, including establishing emergency protection orders. It also ended the requirement for a victim to supply medical certificates, and introduced training for gendarmes and police officers on gender-based violence" (para 16).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2
"In 2021, the Ivorian government adopted measures to protect victims of domestic violence, rape and sexual violence in general, including establishing emergency protection orders. It also ended the requirement for a victim to supply medical certificates, and introduced training for gendarmes and police officers on gender-based violence" (para 16).
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Instead of two types of orders, namely, a temporary protection order and a court order, a single protection order has been introduced. For the first time, plans have been made to introduce re-education programmes for perpetrators of violence with the goal of changing their violent behaviour" (13).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Instead of two types of orders, namely, a temporary protection order and a court order, a single protection order has been introduced. For the first time, plans have been made to introduce re-education programmes for perpetrators of violence with the goal of changing their violent behaviour" (13).
Jan. 9, 2025, 10:38 a.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2, DTCP-PRACTICE-1, DTCP-LAW-1
"For women, customary laws tend to prevail, with rape cases - where reported - handled by community elders. Impunity for perpetrators is also due to a weak legal system, consisting of a mixture of formal and customary laws"`
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2, DTCP-PRACTICE-1, DTCP-LAW-1
"For women, customary laws tend to prevail, with rape cases - where reported - handled by community elders. Impunity for perpetrators is also due to a weak legal system, consisting of a mixture of formal and customary laws"`
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"From 2019 to the first half of 2022, the centre for training of judges under the Supreme Court of Tajikistan has provided ongoing training for judges on prevention of domestic violence and assistance to victims of violence, the State programme for prevention of domestic violence in Tajikistan for 2014–2023, the national strategy for the promotion of women in Tajikistan for 2015–2020 and the national strategy for the promotion of women’s role in Tajikistan for 2021–2030. In 2019 these training workshops were attended by 176 judges and 58 trainee judges and court officials. With the support of the international organization GOPA, 72 judges and 77 court officials were trained on the...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"From 2019 to the first half of 2022, the centre for training of judges under the Supreme Court of Tajikistan has provided ongoing training for judges on prevention of domestic violence and assistance to victims of violence, the State programme for prevention of domestic violence in Tajikistan for 2014–2023, the national strategy for the promotion of women in Tajikistan for 2015–2020 and the national strategy for the promotion of women’s role in Tajikistan for 2021–2030. In 2019 these training workshops were attended by 176 judges and 58 trainee judges and court officials. With the support of the international organization GOPA, 72 judges and 77 court officials were trained on the...more
Jan. 4, 2025, 12:52 p.m.
Countries: Germany
Variables: DV-LAW-1, DV-LAW-2
"A new law is at last making its way through the German parliament that could make things easier for survivors of domestic violence by obliging the state to build new women’s shelters and invest in fragile or nonexistent support structures across the country. The Protection Against Violence Act could and should pass before the end of 2024, since the general election in early 2025 will most likely result in a conservative-led federal government" (par. 6).
Variables: DV-LAW-1, DV-LAW-2
"A new law is at last making its way through the German parliament that could make things easier for survivors of domestic violence by obliging the state to build new women’s shelters and invest in fragile or nonexistent support structures across the country. The Protection Against Violence Act could and should pass before the end of 2024, since the general election in early 2025 will most likely result in a conservative-led federal government" (par. 6).
Dec. 6, 2024, 8:43 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The Italian Senate on Wednesday unanimously approved new legislation to strengthen measures against gender violence. They include stricter restraining orders and heightened surveillance on men found guilty of gender-based violence" (para 36).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The Italian Senate on Wednesday unanimously approved new legislation to strengthen measures against gender violence. They include stricter restraining orders and heightened surveillance on men found guilty of gender-based violence" (para 36).
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The Committee is concerned that, according to the recently adopted Compensation for Victims of Violent Crime Act, which is replacing a former version of the law, access to compensation depends on the existence of a court ruling that awards the victim compensation in the context of criminal proceedings against the perpetrator. This requirement may make it more difficult for victims, in particular victims of domestic violence, to receive compensation. It is also concerned that, under the new law, the perpetrator is given status as a party to the violence compensation case processed by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority, which may discourage victims from filing for compensation as they may fear...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The Committee is concerned that, according to the recently adopted Compensation for Victims of Violent Crime Act, which is replacing a former version of the law, access to compensation depends on the existence of a court ruling that awards the victim compensation in the context of criminal proceedings against the perpetrator. This requirement may make it more difficult for victims, in particular victims of domestic violence, to receive compensation. It is also concerned that, under the new law, the perpetrator is given status as a party to the violence compensation case processed by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority, which may discourage victims from filing for compensation as they may fear...more
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"'Instead of using police resources to drug test all offenders of VAWG related crimes, the government should instead place its focus on tackling these serious crimes against women and girls and focus on urgently improving outcomes for survivors' [Ruth Davison, chief executive of charity refuge]" (par.9). This suggests that more could be done in regards to policies protecting victims of domestic violence (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"'Instead of using police resources to drug test all offenders of VAWG related crimes, the government should instead place its focus on tackling these serious crimes against women and girls and focus on urgently improving outcomes for survivors' [Ruth Davison, chief executive of charity refuge]" (par.9). This suggests that more could be done in regards to policies protecting victims of domestic violence (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 16, 2024, 2:55 p.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2, DTCP-PRACTICE-1, DTCP-LAW-1
"For women, customary laws tend to prevail, with rape cases - where reported - handled by community elders. Impunity for perpetrators is also due to a weak legal system, consisting of a mixture of formal and customary laws"`
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2, DTCP-PRACTICE-1, DTCP-LAW-1
"For women, customary laws tend to prevail, with rape cases - where reported - handled by community elders. Impunity for perpetrators is also due to a weak legal system, consisting of a mixture of formal and customary laws"`
Nov. 12, 2024, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Domestic abusers will have their names added to the sex offenders’ register in a major crackdown on violence against women and girls...Domestic abusers jailed for more than 12 months will be placed on the sex offenders’ register, making it easier for police to monitor them. The move will be introduced immediately. The Home Secretary will also tell police forces to treat violence against women as seriously as terrorism and other major crimes...It will be ranked as a ‘national threat’ under each force’s ‘strategic requirements’, with strict rules setting out how they should respond to each crime...For the first time, controlling or coercive behaviour will be ‘put on a par with...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Domestic abusers will have their names added to the sex offenders’ register in a major crackdown on violence against women and girls...Domestic abusers jailed for more than 12 months will be placed on the sex offenders’ register, making it easier for police to monitor them. The move will be introduced immediately. The Home Secretary will also tell police forces to treat violence against women as seriously as terrorism and other major crimes...It will be ranked as a ‘national threat’ under each force’s ‘strategic requirements’, with strict rules setting out how they should respond to each crime...For the first time, controlling or coercive behaviour will be ‘put on a par with...more
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Among amendments to the DVA, the court may order an abuser to return property, compensate the victim, pay child support, seek therapy or counselling, and turn in weapons to the police. Revisions to the DVA increased penalties for breach of court orders in domestic violence cases and a five-year sentence for subsequent conviction. For first-time offenders, the Act allows for a Rehabilitation Order in place of punishment. Such orders require the offender to undergo probation in a rehabilitation programme and to engage in community service work for one year. Cognizant that a comprehensive approach is needed and that interventions should include the abuser, the Women’s Department established a Batterers Intervention...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Among amendments to the DVA, the court may order an abuser to return property, compensate the victim, pay child support, seek therapy or counselling, and turn in weapons to the police. Revisions to the DVA increased penalties for breach of court orders in domestic violence cases and a five-year sentence for subsequent conviction. For first-time offenders, the Act allows for a Rehabilitation Order in place of punishment. Such orders require the offender to undergo probation in a rehabilitation programme and to engage in community service work for one year. Cognizant that a comprehensive approach is needed and that interventions should include the abuser, the Women’s Department established a Batterers Intervention...more
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: DV-LAW-1, DV-LAW-2
"With regard to the strengthening and follow-up of the National Coordination Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Violence against Women, progress was made towards establishing regular and special meetings, following up on policy measures aimed at eradicating violence against women and on the Office’s activities. In 2021, members and alternates were appointed to six working committees. The 2018–2022 strategic plan, which regulates the Office’s actions to prevent, address, punish and provide reparation to victims of violence against women, was strengthened" (5).
Variables: DV-LAW-1, DV-LAW-2
"With regard to the strengthening and follow-up of the National Coordination Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Violence against Women, progress was made towards establishing regular and special meetings, following up on policy measures aimed at eradicating violence against women and on the Office’s activities. In 2021, members and alternates were appointed to six working committees. The 2018–2022 strategic plan, which regulates the Office’s actions to prevent, address, punish and provide reparation to victims of violence against women, was strengthened" (5).
April 9, 2024, 9:31 p.m.
Countries: Cuba
Variables: DV-LAW-2
As feminists, we appeal to criminal justice based on facts, that it guarantees reparation and non-repetition as minimum prerequisites that accompany criminal justice from situated gender perspectives.1 Unfortunately, the new Penal Code does not consider them; on the contrary, what it ponders is severity, without reeducation, without individual or collective transformation regarding events marked by gender-based violence (para 11). "Re-victimization and lack of gender sensitivity on the part of legal operators, investigators and medical and medical-legal personnel are considered among the main obstacles for victims to come to denounce in the first place and, second, when they do, the complaints prosper or do not end, as in the Bécquer case,...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
As feminists, we appeal to criminal justice based on facts, that it guarantees reparation and non-repetition as minimum prerequisites that accompany criminal justice from situated gender perspectives.1 Unfortunately, the new Penal Code does not consider them; on the contrary, what it ponders is severity, without reeducation, without individual or collective transformation regarding events marked by gender-based violence (para 11). "Re-victimization and lack of gender sensitivity on the part of legal operators, investigators and medical and medical-legal personnel are considered among the main obstacles for victims to come to denounce in the first place and, second, when they do, the complaints prosper or do not end, as in the Bécquer case,...more
Feb. 20, 2024, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"[There is no] protection of the victims of gender-based violence, including domestic and sexual violence" (8).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"[There is no] protection of the victims of gender-based violence, including domestic and sexual violence" (8).
Sept. 25, 2023, 8:02 a.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The law prohibits domestic violence and allows victims to seek prompt protection, occupation, or tenancy orders from a magistrate. Penalties for violation of protection orders include fines up to 10,000 Guyanese dollars ($47) and 12 months’ imprisonment" (8).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The law prohibits domestic violence and allows victims to seek prompt protection, occupation, or tenancy orders from a magistrate. Penalties for violation of protection orders include fines up to 10,000 Guyanese dollars ($47) and 12 months’ imprisonment" (8).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The law criminalizes domestic violence and penalizes offenders with prison sentences of up to eight years and monetary fines, depending on the severity of their crime" (18).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The law criminalizes domestic violence and penalizes offenders with prison sentences of up to eight years and monetary fines, depending on the severity of their crime" (18).
Aug. 8, 2023, 8:30 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"[There is a] one-month time limit for filing protection orders (see the Protection against Domestic Violence Act, art. 10, para. 1)" (6).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"[There is a] one-month time limit for filing protection orders (see the Protection against Domestic Violence Act, art. 10, para. 1)" (6).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2
"[T]he law on the prevention of domestic violence [needs to be reviewed] and criminalize all forms of gender-based violence, including domestic violence and marital rape, to facilitate the process of obtaining protection orders and to ensure that victims/survivors of domestic violence have access to effective remedies and that perpetrators are held accountable" (8). This indicates that some forms of violence are criminalized and protective orders are not currently available to victims (MV- coder comment).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, LRCM-PRACTICE-1, DV-LAW-2
"[T]he law on the prevention of domestic violence [needs to be reviewed] and criminalize all forms of gender-based violence, including domestic violence and marital rape, to facilitate the process of obtaining protection orders and to ensure that victims/survivors of domestic violence have access to effective remedies and that perpetrators are held accountable" (8). This indicates that some forms of violence are criminalized and protective orders are not currently available to victims (MV- coder comment).
July 21, 2023, 11:58 a.m.
Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Article 157 of the Code envisages a fine and administrative detention for inflicting heavy bodily injures by beating and committing other violent actions. Article 158 of the same Code defines various fines to be imposed in case of domestic violence of economic and psychological nature (the violation of legislation on prevention of domestic violence)" (15).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Article 157 of the Code envisages a fine and administrative detention for inflicting heavy bodily injures by beating and committing other violent actions. Article 158 of the same Code defines various fines to be imposed in case of domestic violence of economic and psychological nature (the violation of legislation on prevention of domestic violence)" (15).
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a 'forensic physician' for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered 'incapacitated' the victim for 15 days. The law prescribes up to a 20-year imprisonment for the accused, depending on the severity of injuries. If domestic violence results in death, a judge may impose a life sentence" (27). "[I]f the victim forgives his or her aggressor, legal action ceases" (28). "The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years’ imprisonment for domestic violence" (28).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a 'forensic physician' for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered 'incapacitated' the victim for 15 days. The law prescribes up to a 20-year imprisonment for the accused, depending on the severity of injuries. If domestic violence results in death, a judge may impose a life sentence" (27). "[I]f the victim forgives his or her aggressor, legal action ceases" (28). "The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years’ imprisonment for domestic violence" (28).
May 27, 2023, 1:24 a.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Union boss Michele O'Neil said the new laws were a historic win.'It cannot be understated just how important winning paid family and domestic violence leave in the national employment standard is,' she said.'With one in four women having experienced some form of violence since the age of 15 by an intimate partner, Australia has a critical problem with women's safety and gender equality.' Ms O'Neil said unions would fight to extend the leave period but '10 days is a very important start'"(Para.6-9). "Frontline domestic violence worker Sam Parker said the entitlements would save lives. 'Women shouldn't have to choose between work and safety. Ten days paid leave offers people the...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Union boss Michele O'Neil said the new laws were a historic win.'It cannot be understated just how important winning paid family and domestic violence leave in the national employment standard is,' she said.'With one in four women having experienced some form of violence since the age of 15 by an intimate partner, Australia has a critical problem with women's safety and gender equality.' Ms O'Neil said unions would fight to extend the leave period but '10 days is a very important start'"(Para.6-9). "Frontline domestic violence worker Sam Parker said the entitlements would save lives. 'Women shouldn't have to choose between work and safety. Ten days paid leave offers people the...more
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"To prevent domestic violence, the Protection of Women against Harassment and Violence Act was adopted on 2 September 2019. It defines the concepts of 'sexual violence', 'physical violence', 'economic violence', 'psychological violence', 'harassment' and 'protection order' (article 3). A victim of harassment and violence has the right to: apply to the relevant authorized bodies, organizations or court with a statement that harassment and violence has been committed against her or threatened to be committed; receive free legal advice, economic, social, psychological, medical and other assistance in special centres, including through a toll-free telephone line; apply to the internal affairs bodies with a request to issue a protection order, and if...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"To prevent domestic violence, the Protection of Women against Harassment and Violence Act was adopted on 2 September 2019. It defines the concepts of 'sexual violence', 'physical violence', 'economic violence', 'psychological violence', 'harassment' and 'protection order' (article 3). A victim of harassment and violence has the right to: apply to the relevant authorized bodies, organizations or court with a statement that harassment and violence has been committed against her or threatened to be committed; receive free legal advice, economic, social, psychological, medical and other assistance in special centres, including through a toll-free telephone line; apply to the internal affairs bodies with a request to issue a protection order, and if...more
March 31, 2023, 2:31 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"[A]rticles 17, 60, 237, 274 and 277 [of teh penal code] condone acts of violence against women, such as domestic violence and so-called 'honour crimes'... Exempting perpetrators from punishment or reducing the sentences imposed [is currently provided for in the penal code]" (7).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"[A]rticles 17, 60, 237, 274 and 277 [of teh penal code] condone acts of violence against women, such as domestic violence and so-called 'honour crimes'... Exempting perpetrators from punishment or reducing the sentences imposed [is currently provided for in the penal code]" (7).
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DV-LAW-2
"[J]udges are required to increase the lower end of the penalty in sentencing gender based violence crimes covered under articles 555–560 of the Criminal Code and sexual violence crimes covered under articles 620–628 of the Criminal Code" (4).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DV-LAW-2
"[J]udges are required to increase the lower end of the penalty in sentencing gender based violence crimes covered under articles 555–560 of the Criminal Code and sexual violence crimes covered under articles 620–628 of the Criminal Code" (4).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Penalties for the criminal offense of domestic violence in the family or in the family community have also been increased (Article 220). When it comes to the basic form of this criminal offense, the sentence has been increased from one to two years of imprisonment. When it comes to violating the measure of protection from domestic violence ordered by a court or other state body, the law stipulates imprisonment of up to one year, instead of six months, as was the case with the previous iteration of the law...The CC (Article 220, paragraph 5) imperatively prescribes criminal liability of whoever violates the protection measures against domestic violence imposed on him...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Penalties for the criminal offense of domestic violence in the family or in the family community have also been increased (Article 220). When it comes to the basic form of this criminal offense, the sentence has been increased from one to two years of imprisonment. When it comes to violating the measure of protection from domestic violence ordered by a court or other state body, the law stipulates imprisonment of up to one year, instead of six months, as was the case with the previous iteration of the law...The CC (Article 220, paragraph 5) imperatively prescribes criminal liability of whoever violates the protection measures against domestic violence imposed on him...more
Feb. 19, 2023, 1 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: DV-LAW-2
“Policy dialogue concerning violence against women in Bulgaria has had a long and controversial history. Some of the important challenges faced include the slow pace of policy and legal reforms, the non-availability and non-accessibility of support services for victims of domestic violence, and poor coordination of efforts” (bottom of first paragraph). “In January 2021, WHO supported Bulgaria’s Ministry of Justice to prepare a draft law amending the Protection against Domestic Violence Act (PADVA), with the participation of the office of the Ombudsman, Civil Society Organizations, and NGO partners. With the entry into force of the new law, a National Commission for Prevention of Domestic Violence will be established as a...more
Variables: DV-LAW-2
“Policy dialogue concerning violence against women in Bulgaria has had a long and controversial history. Some of the important challenges faced include the slow pace of policy and legal reforms, the non-availability and non-accessibility of support services for victims of domestic violence, and poor coordination of efforts” (bottom of first paragraph). “In January 2021, WHO supported Bulgaria’s Ministry of Justice to prepare a draft law amending the Protection against Domestic Violence Act (PADVA), with the participation of the office of the Ombudsman, Civil Society Organizations, and NGO partners. With the entry into force of the new law, a National Commission for Prevention of Domestic Violence will be established as a...more
Feb. 18, 2023, 10:46 a.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Police witnesses told the jury Borutski was very good at 'manipulation' and constantly flouted court orders, including never showing up to a mandated partner assault response program" (Para10).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Police witnesses told the jury Borutski was very good at 'manipulation' and constantly flouted court orders, including never showing up to a mandated partner assault response program" (Para10).