Latest items for DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4, RISW-PRACTICE-2
"There has been increase in the number of reported cases of violence in the name of so-called 'honour' since 2019, affecting predominantly women and girls" (7).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4, RISW-PRACTICE-2
"There has been increase in the number of reported cases of violence in the name of so-called 'honour' since 2019, affecting predominantly women and girls" (7).
Nov. 16, 2024, 4:04 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Masoud Darshti, the chief executive of Tehran and Suburbs Metro Operation Company, had announced the establishment of a chastity and hijab headquarters to issue reminders" (Para 6).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Masoud Darshti, the chief executive of Tehran and Suburbs Metro Operation Company, had announced the establishment of a chastity and hijab headquarters to issue reminders" (Para 6).
Oct. 16, 2024, 3:21 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Masoud Darshti, the chief executive of Tehran and Suburbs Metro Operation Company, had announced the establishment of a chastity and hijab headquarters to issue reminders" (Para 6).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Masoud Darshti, the chief executive of Tehran and Suburbs Metro Operation Company, had announced the establishment of a chastity and hijab headquarters to issue reminders" (Para 6).
Oct. 10, 2024, 1:33 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
It is very hard for those who have grown up in the U.S. to understand, but it is extremely hard for any man to take a woman in marriage after she has been raped.
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
It is very hard for those who have grown up in the U.S. to understand, but it is extremely hard for any man to take a woman in marriage after she has been raped.
July 22, 2024, 9:44 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“[Tony] Mwebia, whose organisation [Men End FGM Foundation] has since trained nearly 500 male champions in counties where FGM exists, says men cringe when they are shown videos of the cut, a rite they traditionally believe is undertaken for their benefit. ‘They are told the cut makes women more mature and avoid promiscuity. They are also told that they will lose any respect within the community by marrying an uncut woman. That is why they will kill anyone, including a policeman, who interferes with the cut,’ Mwebia said” (7-8).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“[Tony] Mwebia, whose organisation [Men End FGM Foundation] has since trained nearly 500 male champions in counties where FGM exists, says men cringe when they are shown videos of the cut, a rite they traditionally believe is undertaken for their benefit. ‘They are told the cut makes women more mature and avoid promiscuity. They are also told that they will lose any respect within the community by marrying an uncut woman. That is why they will kill anyone, including a policeman, who interferes with the cut,’ Mwebia said” (7-8).
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“Online sexual assault and harassment is increasingly widespread. Last year, 11,568 cases of digital sex crimes were reported, up 82% from the year before. Many involved the use of hidden spy-cameras. Women in South Korea speak of being too scared to go to the toilet, in case they are secretly filmed and then blackmailed - or worse, the footage is released, and their lives destroyed. One compared the fear to what women in other countries must feel when walking home late at night” (para 15). Women fear that their lives will be destroyed if their naked bodies are exposed (ET - CODER COMMENT). “From a safe house, she recounts -...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“Online sexual assault and harassment is increasingly widespread. Last year, 11,568 cases of digital sex crimes were reported, up 82% from the year before. Many involved the use of hidden spy-cameras. Women in South Korea speak of being too scared to go to the toilet, in case they are secretly filmed and then blackmailed - or worse, the footage is released, and their lives destroyed. One compared the fear to what women in other countries must feel when walking home late at night” (para 15). Women fear that their lives will be destroyed if their naked bodies are exposed (ET - CODER COMMENT). “From a safe house, she recounts -...more
May 12, 2023, 11:26 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"But becoming a burrnesha was also a way to escape an arranged marriage, without dishonouring the groom's family. 'This decision meant they could avoid a blood feud between two families,' says Aferdita. The rules governing blood feuds have long been codified in the Kanun, which helped to bring order to the lives of tribes in northern Albania, particularly during its incorporation in the Ottoman Empire. Under Kanun law, blood feuds were a social obligation to safeguard honour. They could begin with an action as small as a threat or an insult, but could sometimes escalate into a killing, after which the victim's family would be expected to seek their own...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"But becoming a burrnesha was also a way to escape an arranged marriage, without dishonouring the groom's family. 'This decision meant they could avoid a blood feud between two families,' says Aferdita. The rules governing blood feuds have long been codified in the Kanun, which helped to bring order to the lives of tribes in northern Albania, particularly during its incorporation in the Ottoman Empire. Under Kanun law, blood feuds were a social obligation to safeguard honour. They could begin with an action as small as a threat or an insult, but could sometimes escalate into a killing, after which the victim's family would be expected to seek their own...more
Dec. 19, 2022, 5:54 p.m.
Countries: Malaysia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Communities that practise [female genital mutilation] believe that the procedure will control women’s sexuality, ensuring virginity before marriage, and obedience afterwards. Some also believe that the procedure increases male sexual pleasure and promotes hygiene and aesthetic appeal in women as the external genitalia are considered dirty and ugly and hence, must be removed" (para 8).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Communities that practise [female genital mutilation] believe that the procedure will control women’s sexuality, ensuring virginity before marriage, and obedience afterwards. Some also believe that the procedure increases male sexual pleasure and promotes hygiene and aesthetic appeal in women as the external genitalia are considered dirty and ugly and hence, must be removed" (para 8).
June 29, 2022, 11:33 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"[The Committee] also notes with concern that the Indonesian Navy and Air Force have not explicitly ended so-called 'virginity testing' when recruiting young women, which constitutes a violation of their right to privacy and their physical and mental integrity" (6). "The Committee recommends that the State party:... Adopt legislation to prohibit so-called virginity testing and conduct comprehensive awareness-raising programmes for members of the Indonesian Navy and Air Force that highlight its negative impact" (6).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"[The Committee] also notes with concern that the Indonesian Navy and Air Force have not explicitly ended so-called 'virginity testing' when recruiting young women, which constitutes a violation of their right to privacy and their physical and mental integrity" (6). "The Committee recommends that the State party:... Adopt legislation to prohibit so-called virginity testing and conduct comprehensive awareness-raising programmes for members of the Indonesian Navy and Air Force that highlight its negative impact" (6).
June 14, 2022, 5:24 p.m.
Countries: Denmark
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"In 2019, the Government presented a bill prohibiting construction of an artificial hymen. The idea of hymen as a symbol of virginity busting at the first intercourse is a myth, and the bill is intended to prevent pressure on women to submit to surgical construction of an artificial hymen. The bill is part of the Government’s information efforts and educational initiatives on women’s anatomy" (27). Government action being taken to prohibit hymenoplasty may indicate that some families and individuals have undertaken such measures in the past (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"In 2019, the Government presented a bill prohibiting construction of an artificial hymen. The idea of hymen as a symbol of virginity busting at the first intercourse is a myth, and the bill is intended to prevent pressure on women to submit to surgical construction of an artificial hymen. The bill is part of the Government’s information efforts and educational initiatives on women’s anatomy" (27). Government action being taken to prohibit hymenoplasty may indicate that some families and individuals have undertaken such measures in the past (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
May 27, 2022, 4:14 p.m.
Countries: Turkey
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Care is taken to ensure that the [virginity] examination is carried out under the most favourable conditions for both the victim and the doctor, and no virginity testing is carried out without the letter of the prosecutor’s office and without the victim’s informed consent" (4).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Care is taken to ensure that the [virginity] examination is carried out under the most favourable conditions for both the victim and the doctor, and no virginity testing is carried out without the letter of the prosecutor’s office and without the victim’s informed consent" (4).
Feb. 28, 2022, 12:34 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Indonesian army has ended its 'two-finger' virginity test for female recruits, after they were branded 'degrading, discriminatory, and traumatic.' Andika Perkasa, the Indonesian army chief of staff, told reporters on Tuesday the controversial practice had ceased.'Previously we looked at the abdomen, genitalia in detail with the examinations of the pelvis, vagina and cervix. Now, we have done away with these examinations, especially with regards to the hymen, whether it has been ruptured and the extent of the rupture,' he said." (para 1-3) "The virginity check, which extended to military fiancées, involves someone placing two fingers into the vagina to determine whether or not they've had intercourse, due to the...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Indonesian army has ended its 'two-finger' virginity test for female recruits, after they were branded 'degrading, discriminatory, and traumatic.' Andika Perkasa, the Indonesian army chief of staff, told reporters on Tuesday the controversial practice had ceased.'Previously we looked at the abdomen, genitalia in detail with the examinations of the pelvis, vagina and cervix. Now, we have done away with these examinations, especially with regards to the hymen, whether it has been ruptured and the extent of the rupture,' he said." (para 1-3) "The virginity check, which extended to military fiancées, involves someone placing two fingers into the vagina to determine whether or not they've had intercourse, due to the...more
Jan. 24, 2022, 1:07 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Doctors continued to carry out an invasive 'two-finger test' to speculate on sexual history, despite the Supreme Court’s ruling that the test violated a victim’s right to privacy" (42).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Doctors continued to carry out an invasive 'two-finger test' to speculate on sexual history, despite the Supreme Court’s ruling that the test violated a victim’s right to privacy" (42).
Jan. 8, 2022, 9:32 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Beni Mellal Court of Appeals subjected Okkarou [who had reported being raped] to a virginity exam by a judicial medical examiner, who determined the results were inconclusive" (31).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Beni Mellal Court of Appeals subjected Okkarou [who had reported being raped] to a virginity exam by a judicial medical examiner, who determined the results were inconclusive" (31).
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"In Somalia 'virginity tests' are not given prior to marriage. However, when he marries her and finds out she is not a virgin. In some cases he will return her to her family and say I thought she was a virgin. According to two sources I spoke with, since women in Somali undergo FGM, if it is diffuclt to penetrate into the woman that means she is a virgin. If it is easy to penetrate into a woman, then she is not a virgin. Both sources add, that a woman should bleed the first time if she is a virgin" (1).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"In Somalia 'virginity tests' are not given prior to marriage. However, when he marries her and finds out she is not a virgin. In some cases he will return her to her family and say I thought she was a virgin. According to two sources I spoke with, since women in Somali undergo FGM, if it is diffuclt to penetrate into the woman that means she is a virgin. If it is easy to penetrate into a woman, then she is not a virgin. Both sources add, that a woman should bleed the first time if she is a virgin" (1).
Sept. 22, 2021, 10:41 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2013 of the State party’s combined initial and second periodic reports in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the adoption of the following:...(b) Criminal Code, which contains provisions regarding crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes and under which...so-called 'virginity tests' are prohibited...promulgated by presidential decree in 2017" (1-2, 6). This indicates that in practice, virginity tests are given to women (CAT - CODER COMMENT). "[T]he Committee urges the State party:...To prohibit so-called “virginity tests” and the use of their results as evidence in criminal proceedings" (6-7).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2013 of the State party’s combined initial and second periodic reports in undertaking legislative reforms, in particular the adoption of the following:...(b) Criminal Code, which contains provisions regarding crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes and under which...so-called 'virginity tests' are prohibited...promulgated by presidential decree in 2017" (1-2, 6). This indicates that in practice, virginity tests are given to women (CAT - CODER COMMENT). "[T]he Committee urges the State party:...To prohibit so-called “virginity tests” and the use of their results as evidence in criminal proceedings" (6-7).
Sept. 8, 2021, 4:30 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The EVAW presidential decree was first issued in 2009 and was reinforced by another presidential decree in 2018. Implementation and awareness of the law remain a serious challenge. The law criminalizes 22 acts of violence against women, including rape; battery or beating; forced marriage; humiliation; intimidation; and deprivation of inheritance. The penal code criminalizes rape of both women and men. The law provides for a minimum sentence of five to 16 years’ imprisonment for conviction of rape, or up to 20 years if one or more aggravating circumstances is present. If the act results in the death of the victim, the law provides for a death sentence for the perpetrator....more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The EVAW presidential decree was first issued in 2009 and was reinforced by another presidential decree in 2018. Implementation and awareness of the law remain a serious challenge. The law criminalizes 22 acts of violence against women, including rape; battery or beating; forced marriage; humiliation; intimidation; and deprivation of inheritance. The penal code criminalizes rape of both women and men. The law provides for a minimum sentence of five to 16 years’ imprisonment for conviction of rape, or up to 20 years if one or more aggravating circumstances is present. If the act results in the death of the victim, the law provides for a death sentence for the perpetrator....more
July 28, 2021, 2:11 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Local media reported that the teenager was beheaded while she slept by her father, who used a farming sickle.The father, Reza Ashrafi, was said to be enraged after Romina fled the family home to marry a 35-year-old man she loved" (para 4-5). "Iranian media occasionally report on cases related to honor killings carried out by relatives, usually male family members, when the actions of women and girls are perceived as violating conservative traditions on love, marriage, and public behavior. It is not known how many women and girls die from such killings" (para 13).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Local media reported that the teenager was beheaded while she slept by her father, who used a farming sickle.The father, Reza Ashrafi, was said to be enraged after Romina fled the family home to marry a 35-year-old man she loved" (para 4-5). "Iranian media occasionally report on cases related to honor killings carried out by relatives, usually male family members, when the actions of women and girls are perceived as violating conservative traditions on love, marriage, and public behavior. It is not known how many women and girls die from such killings" (para 13).
June 29, 2021, 9:16 a.m.
Countries: Jordan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Both Madeleine and Shahed were detained under a controversial ‘male guardianship’ system in Jordan that has locked up women and girls for many months at a time without charge or trial, for activities like... having sex outside marriage" (para 3). "According to a 2019 Amnesty International report, many of the girls at this facility were imprisoned simply for breaking gender norms – because they... were accused of having sex outside marriage" (para 14). "The report also details how the police can take women into custody for 'virginity tests' on the request of a family member. Lauren Aarons, an Amnesty legal advisor, told me that women and girls, including in al-Khanza,...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Both Madeleine and Shahed were detained under a controversial ‘male guardianship’ system in Jordan that has locked up women and girls for many months at a time without charge or trial, for activities like... having sex outside marriage" (para 3). "According to a 2019 Amnesty International report, many of the girls at this facility were imprisoned simply for breaking gender norms – because they... were accused of having sex outside marriage" (para 14). "The report also details how the police can take women into custody for 'virginity tests' on the request of a family member. Lauren Aarons, an Amnesty legal advisor, told me that women and girls, including in al-Khanza,...more
Feb. 10, 2021, 11:51 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“The fact that bacha bazi, which has normalized sodomy and child abuse in rural Afghan society, developed within a deeply fundamentalist Islamic region of the world is mystifying. According to a 2009 Human Terrain Team study titled 'Pashtun Sexuality,' Pashtun social norms dictate that bacha bazi is not un-Islamic or homosexual at all -- if the man does not love the boy, the sexual act is not reprehensible, and is far more ethical than defiling a woman” (para 10).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“The fact that bacha bazi, which has normalized sodomy and child abuse in rural Afghan society, developed within a deeply fundamentalist Islamic region of the world is mystifying. According to a 2009 Human Terrain Team study titled 'Pashtun Sexuality,' Pashtun social norms dictate that bacha bazi is not un-Islamic or homosexual at all -- if the man does not love the boy, the sexual act is not reprehensible, and is far more ethical than defiling a woman” (para 10).
Feb. 4, 2021, 10:24 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Her appearance as a man approaching adulthood was not questioned, she said. But it frequently got others into trouble, like the time she escorted a girlfriend home who had fallen ill. Later, she learned that the friend had been beaten by her parents after word spread through the neighborhood that their daughter was seen holding hands with a boy" (para 67).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Her appearance as a man approaching adulthood was not questioned, she said. But it frequently got others into trouble, like the time she escorted a girlfriend home who had fallen ill. Later, she learned that the friend had been beaten by her parents after word spread through the neighborhood that their daughter was seen holding hands with a boy" (para 67).
Feb. 4, 2021, 6:07 p.m.
Countries: Syria
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Back in Syria, women buy plastic hymens on the black market, afraid of being sent back to their families, or worse, if there’s no blood on the wedding night. Without her virginity, Nur fears she has little chance of remarrying. Even Abdul says, 'Muna would never let me marry a divorced woman'" (para 36).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Back in Syria, women buy plastic hymens on the black market, afraid of being sent back to their families, or worse, if there’s no blood on the wedding night. Without her virginity, Nur fears she has little chance of remarrying. Even Abdul says, 'Muna would never let me marry a divorced woman'" (para 36).
Jan. 18, 2021, 2:43 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1, SUICIDE-DATA-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Several advocates said that even if the girls had been sexually assaulted, they might never admit it, particularly not to a stranger. Some advocates said they were concerned that the shame surrounding rape might drive victims to suicide, though Ms. Saeed and other community leaders insisted that there had been no suicide attempts among the estimated 150 Yazidi escapees. The threat of forced marriage led D. A. to consider killing herself, but instead she decided to try another escape" (para 34-35).
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1, SUICIDE-DATA-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Several advocates said that even if the girls had been sexually assaulted, they might never admit it, particularly not to a stranger. Some advocates said they were concerned that the shame surrounding rape might drive victims to suicide, though Ms. Saeed and other community leaders insisted that there had been no suicide attempts among the estimated 150 Yazidi escapees. The threat of forced marriage led D. A. to consider killing herself, but instead she decided to try another escape" (para 34-35).
Jan. 1, 2021, 2:01 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“Women in Afghanistan are being forced to undergo so-called virginity tests, more than two years after a law requiring consent was introduced, researchers said on Thursday. The test involves a doctor performing an examination to identify whether the hymen – the thin tissue that may partially cover the vagina – is intact, and has been condemned by the United Nations as “painful, humiliating and traumatic’” (para. 1-2). “A study by Afghanistan’s Independent Human Rights Commission found forced gynecological examinations were still being conducted without the consent of the patient or a court order, as required by a 2018 law” (para. 3). “The Commission interviewed 129 women across Afghanistan and found...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“Women in Afghanistan are being forced to undergo so-called virginity tests, more than two years after a law requiring consent was introduced, researchers said on Thursday. The test involves a doctor performing an examination to identify whether the hymen – the thin tissue that may partially cover the vagina – is intact, and has been condemned by the United Nations as “painful, humiliating and traumatic’” (para. 1-2). “A study by Afghanistan’s Independent Human Rights Commission found forced gynecological examinations were still being conducted without the consent of the patient or a court order, as required by a 2018 law” (para. 3). “The Commission interviewed 129 women across Afghanistan and found...more
Jan. 1, 2021, 2:01 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“In Iraq, Yazidi women who had been kidnaped by the Islamic State were routinely tested by Kurdish officials until 2016” (para. 11).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“In Iraq, Yazidi women who had been kidnaped by the Islamic State were routinely tested by Kurdish officials until 2016” (para. 11).
Jan. 1, 2021, 2:01 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“Yet it [virginity checks] remains widespread in some countries, including Indonesia, where women applying to the police are often required to undergo tests for “mental health and morality reasons’” (para. 10).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
“Yet it [virginity checks] remains widespread in some countries, including Indonesia, where women applying to the police are often required to undergo tests for “mental health and morality reasons’” (para. 10).
Dec. 24, 2020, 10:09 a.m.
Countries: Syria
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Back in Syria, women buy plastic hymens on the black market, afraid of being sent back to their families, or worse, if there’s no blood on the wedding night. Without her virginity, Nur fears she has little chance of remarrying" (para 36).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Back in Syria, women buy plastic hymens on the black market, afraid of being sent back to their families, or worse, if there’s no blood on the wedding night. Without her virginity, Nur fears she has little chance of remarrying" (para 36).
Dec. 23, 2020, 3:19 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Analysis of the perception of this sample of Pakistani women living in a poor urban settlement about their lives demonstrated that this society has constructed a model for them based on the principles that reproduction is a woman’s only responsibility, and the family honour is dependent upon her sexual chastity" (para 44). "We found that society with the aim to preserve women’s chastity imposes certain norms like mobility restriction, social quarantine and prohibition on accessing information about sexual and reproductive issues " (para 47).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Analysis of the perception of this sample of Pakistani women living in a poor urban settlement about their lives demonstrated that this society has constructed a model for them based on the principles that reproduction is a woman’s only responsibility, and the family honour is dependent upon her sexual chastity" (para 44). "We found that society with the aim to preserve women’s chastity imposes certain norms like mobility restriction, social quarantine and prohibition on accessing information about sexual and reproductive issues " (para 47).
Oct. 29, 2020, 11:01 a.m.
Countries: Russia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Grand Mufti of Russia's North Caucasus republic Karachay-Cherkessia, Ismail Berdyev, has endorsed the practice of genital mutilation of young girls in nearby Dagestan, saying female circumcision 'does not contradict the tenets of Islam and is necessary to quell unnecessary energy and guarantees the purity of future brides,' according to news portal kavkaz-uzel" (para 1). "Villagers and local religious clerics justify the practice as a way to reduce the sensitivity of young girls' genital organs to avoid any future 'immoral behavior' once they become adults, the human rights group's report said" (para 5).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"The Grand Mufti of Russia's North Caucasus republic Karachay-Cherkessia, Ismail Berdyev, has endorsed the practice of genital mutilation of young girls in nearby Dagestan, saying female circumcision 'does not contradict the tenets of Islam and is necessary to quell unnecessary energy and guarantees the purity of future brides,' according to news portal kavkaz-uzel" (para 1). "Villagers and local religious clerics justify the practice as a way to reduce the sensitivity of young girls' genital organs to avoid any future 'immoral behavior' once they become adults, the human rights group's report said" (para 5).
Sept. 23, 2020, 9:40 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4, EWCMS-LAW-1
"The Jokowi government failed to stop abusive, unscientific 'virginity tests' of women who apply to join the military" (para 13).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4, EWCMS-LAW-1
"The Jokowi government failed to stop abusive, unscientific 'virginity tests' of women who apply to join the military" (para 13).