Latest items for DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
Feb. 12, 2025, 7:04 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"'He didn't even acknowledge she was his,' the woman says, referring to her oldest girl, a serious allegation in Pakistan where even rumors of a woman's infidelity can prompt relatives to kill her to defend the family's reputation" (par. 23).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"'He didn't even acknowledge she was his,' the woman says, referring to her oldest girl, a serious allegation in Pakistan where even rumors of a woman's infidelity can prompt relatives to kill her to defend the family's reputation" (par. 23).
Feb. 5, 2025, 4:44 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Criminalization of sex outside marriage has a discriminatory gender impact, including because rape survivors risk prosecution if they file charges that are not later sustained. Women and girls also face prosecution if they are found to be pregnant or have children outside marriage. Women who were in unregistered marriages or in relationships told Human Rights Watch that they were worried about reporting domestic violence or seeking help from the authorities in case they were prosecuted for having a relationship outside of wedlock" (4). "In more recent years, authorities have used the criminalization of sexual relations and abortion to prosecute critics, journalists and dissidents of the state as well as to...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Criminalization of sex outside marriage has a discriminatory gender impact, including because rape survivors risk prosecution if they file charges that are not later sustained. Women and girls also face prosecution if they are found to be pregnant or have children outside marriage. Women who were in unregistered marriages or in relationships told Human Rights Watch that they were worried about reporting domestic violence or seeking help from the authorities in case they were prosecuted for having a relationship outside of wedlock" (4). "In more recent years, authorities have used the criminalization of sexual relations and abortion to prosecute critics, journalists and dissidents of the state as well as to...more
Jan. 30, 2025, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"The criminalization of consensual adult sexual relations outside marriage (called zina) further deters girls and women from reporting assaults because they can find themselves charged if the judiciary views the act in question as consensual, Human Rights Watch found" (2). "A draft law on gender-based violence, supported by the Ministry of Justice, has been twice rejected by parliament and remains pending at time of writing.... While a step in the right direction, the current draft falls short in several respects, including by maintaining criminal charges for consensual sexual relations outside marriage" (2).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"The criminalization of consensual adult sexual relations outside marriage (called zina) further deters girls and women from reporting assaults because they can find themselves charged if the judiciary views the act in question as consensual, Human Rights Watch found" (2). "A draft law on gender-based violence, supported by the Ministry of Justice, has been twice rejected by parliament and remains pending at time of writing.... While a step in the right direction, the current draft falls short in several respects, including by maintaining criminal charges for consensual sexual relations outside marriage" (2).
Jan. 25, 2025, 1:41 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Earlier this year, the Taliban also announced the reintroduction of the public flogging and stoning of women for adultery" (para 19).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Earlier this year, the Taliban also announced the reintroduction of the public flogging and stoning of women for adultery" (para 19).
Jan. 24, 2025, 8:53 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"The Taliban’s supreme leader, Hibatullah Akhundzada, announced at the weekend that the group would begin enforcing its interpretation of sharia law in Afghanistan, including reintroducing the public flogging and stoning of women for adultery. In an audio broadcast on the Taliban-controlled Radio Television Afghanistan last Saturday, Akhundzada said: 'We will flog the women … we will stone them to death in public [for adultery]. You may call it a violation of women’s rights when we publicly stone or flog them for committing adultery because they conflict with your democratic principles,' he said, adding: '[But] I represent Allah, and you represent Satan'" (para 5-7)
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"The Taliban’s supreme leader, Hibatullah Akhundzada, announced at the weekend that the group would begin enforcing its interpretation of sharia law in Afghanistan, including reintroducing the public flogging and stoning of women for adultery. In an audio broadcast on the Taliban-controlled Radio Television Afghanistan last Saturday, Akhundzada said: 'We will flog the women … we will stone them to death in public [for adultery]. You may call it a violation of women’s rights when we publicly stone or flog them for committing adultery because they conflict with your democratic principles,' he said, adding: '[But] I represent Allah, and you represent Satan'" (para 5-7)
Feb. 20, 2024, 9:55 a.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"The country’s penal code also criminalises sex outside marriage. Police often do not believe women who report sexual violence, says Rothna Begum, a senior women’s rights researcher at Human Rights Watch, instead siding with men who claim it was consensual, which can lead to the survivor facing charges" (para 25).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"The country’s penal code also criminalises sex outside marriage. Police often do not believe women who report sexual violence, says Rothna Begum, a senior women’s rights researcher at Human Rights Watch, instead siding with men who claim it was consensual, which can lead to the survivor facing charges" (para 25).
Feb. 11, 2024, 3:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-2, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Women accused of adultery have been publicly lashed by the Taliban as the Islamist group rolls out sharia law across Afghanistan. Ten men and nine women were each whipped 39 times in the city of Taloqan for alleged adultery and theft, a senior Taliban official said" (para 1-2).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-2, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Women accused of adultery have been publicly lashed by the Taliban as the Islamist group rolls out sharia law across Afghanistan. Ten men and nine women were each whipped 39 times in the city of Taloqan for alleged adultery and theft, a senior Taliban official said" (para 1-2).
Sept. 18, 2023, 12:36 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1, MARR-PRACTICE-7, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Panchayats are often a profoundly regressive force in rural India, acting as kangaroo courts. They have ordered so-called honour killings of couples who have defied tradition by marrying into a different caste or faith or ordered brutal punishments for couples suspected of adultery" (para.10).
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1, MARR-PRACTICE-7, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Panchayats are often a profoundly regressive force in rural India, acting as kangaroo courts. They have ordered so-called honour killings of couples who have defied tradition by marrying into a different caste or faith or ordered brutal punishments for couples suspected of adultery" (para.10).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:43 a.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"A Sudanese woman has been sentenced to death by stoning for adultery in the country's first such case in almost a decade. Police in Sudan’s White Nile state arrested Maryam Alsyed Tiyrab, 20, last month, before her sentencing at the Kosti Criminal Court on June 26. Ms Tiyrab had separated from her husband and moved back to her family’s home, before she was interrogated by a police who allegedly obtained an illegal confession from her. Ms Tiyrab was denied legal representation, and her trial commenced without obtaining a formal complaint from the police, which human rights groups say is irregular" (Para. 1-4). "The news brings with it fears that Sudan...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"A Sudanese woman has been sentenced to death by stoning for adultery in the country's first such case in almost a decade. Police in Sudan’s White Nile state arrested Maryam Alsyed Tiyrab, 20, last month, before her sentencing at the Kosti Criminal Court on June 26. Ms Tiyrab had separated from her husband and moved back to her family’s home, before she was interrogated by a police who allegedly obtained an illegal confession from her. Ms Tiyrab was denied legal representation, and her trial commenced without obtaining a formal complaint from the police, which human rights groups say is irregular" (Para. 1-4). "The news brings with it fears that Sudan...more
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"On the Committee’s CO stipulating 'as a matter of urgency, decriminalize and abolish the imposition of flogging as a sentence for consensual sexual relations outside marriage, as recommended by the Committee in its previous concluding observations, as enshrined in Article 10 of the country’s Constitution (2008), Islam is one of the bases of law in the Maldives. Sexual relations outside of marriage are prohibited and flogging as a punishment is in accordance with the Shari’ah'." (33). "The Government notes that Special Procedures Act on Sexual Abuse which states that no child under the age of 13 years can give consent, and that any child between the ages of 13–18 has...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"On the Committee’s CO stipulating 'as a matter of urgency, decriminalize and abolish the imposition of flogging as a sentence for consensual sexual relations outside marriage, as recommended by the Committee in its previous concluding observations, as enshrined in Article 10 of the country’s Constitution (2008), Islam is one of the bases of law in the Maldives. Sexual relations outside of marriage are prohibited and flogging as a punishment is in accordance with the Shari’ah'." (33). "The Government notes that Special Procedures Act on Sexual Abuse which states that no child under the age of 13 years can give consent, and that any child between the ages of 13–18 has...more
Jan. 6, 2023, 5:48 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Other activities protected by international human rights law such as homosexual acts, extramarital sexual relations and speech deemed 'insulting to the Prophet of Islam' as well as vaguely-worded offences such as 'enmity against God' and 'spreading corruption on earth' are also punishable by death" (para 19).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Other activities protected by international human rights law such as homosexual acts, extramarital sexual relations and speech deemed 'insulting to the Prophet of Islam' as well as vaguely-worded offences such as 'enmity against God' and 'spreading corruption on earth' are also punishable by death" (para 19).
March 3, 2022, 4:51 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"A married woman was flogged 100 times after confessing to adultery in Indonesia while her male partner, who was also married, received just 15 lashes. The woman's flogging in the conservative Aceh province on Thursday was briefly paused because she couldn't bear the pain, according to an AFP reporter" (Para. 1-2).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"A married woman was flogged 100 times after confessing to adultery in Indonesia while her male partner, who was also married, received just 15 lashes. The woman's flogging in the conservative Aceh province on Thursday was briefly paused because she couldn't bear the pain, according to an AFP reporter" (Para. 1-2).
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"According to Sharia Law, if they both (male and female) are married or have been married, and are caught fornicating they shall both get killed. Culturally, they will try to cover what the female did so the town or village does not hear her fornicating - which is called in Somali 'ceeb astur'" (1).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"According to Sharia Law, if they both (male and female) are married or have been married, and are caught fornicating they shall both get killed. Culturally, they will try to cover what the female did so the town or village does not hear her fornicating - which is called in Somali 'ceeb astur'" (1).
Sept. 22, 2021, 10:41 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"[T]he Committee urges the State party:...(b) To decriminalize so-called 'moral crimes', such as adultery and running away from home, under the Criminal Code" (6).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"[T]he Committee urges the State party:...(b) To decriminalize so-called 'moral crimes', such as adultery and running away from home, under the Criminal Code" (6).
July 21, 2021, 10:18 p.m.
Countries: Taiwan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Campaigners say women were 20 percent more likely to be convicted than men in adultery cases" (Para 4). "In one case often cited by rights groups, a college student who came forward to accuse her professor of sexually assaulting her was sued by his wife for adultery, convicted and ordered to compensate the man's family" (Para 9).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Campaigners say women were 20 percent more likely to be convicted than men in adultery cases" (Para 4). "In one case often cited by rights groups, a college student who came forward to accuse her professor of sexually assaulting her was sued by his wife for adultery, convicted and ordered to compensate the man's family" (Para 9).
July 20, 2021, 8 p.m.
Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Any person resident in or visiting the UAE is subject to its laws: there are no exceptions for tourists. There have been a few high-profile cases of tourists getting arrested while on holiday in Dubai. In 2017, for example, a British woman was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison for having consensual sex with a man she wasn't married to. She had reported him to the authorities for sending her threatening messages, who found out the two had had sex" (Para 18). "Mr Kenney says they have 'incredibly limited rights'. He cites an article of the penal code which says 'consensual violation of honour' can be prosecuted. In...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Any person resident in or visiting the UAE is subject to its laws: there are no exceptions for tourists. There have been a few high-profile cases of tourists getting arrested while on holiday in Dubai. In 2017, for example, a British woman was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison for having consensual sex with a man she wasn't married to. She had reported him to the authorities for sending her threatening messages, who found out the two had had sex" (Para 18). "Mr Kenney says they have 'incredibly limited rights'. He cites an article of the penal code which says 'consensual violation of honour' can be prosecuted. In...more
July 20, 2021, 7:53 p.m.
Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Any person resident in or visiting the UAE is subject to its laws: there are no exceptions for tourists. There have been a few high-profile cases of tourists getting arrested while on holiday in Dubai. In 2017, for example, a British woman was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison for having consensual sex with a man she wasn't married to. She had reported him to the authorities for sending her threatening messages, who found out the two had had sex" (Para 18). "Mr Kenney says they have 'incredibly limited rights'. He cites an article of the penal code which says 'consensual violation of honour' can be prosecuted. In...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Any person resident in or visiting the UAE is subject to its laws: there are no exceptions for tourists. There have been a few high-profile cases of tourists getting arrested while on holiday in Dubai. In 2017, for example, a British woman was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison for having consensual sex with a man she wasn't married to. She had reported him to the authorities for sending her threatening messages, who found out the two had had sex" (Para 18). "Mr Kenney says they have 'incredibly limited rights'. He cites an article of the penal code which says 'consensual violation of honour' can be prosecuted. In...more
June 30, 2021, 9:05 p.m.
Countries: Mexico
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"Barrera said his human rights group has intervened on several occasions against what it saw as excessive punishment of young Indian women. In one such case, two teen-ager girls were jailed for a week in Cochoapa, a village near Metlatonoc, for having affairs with local men. The men, Barrera said, were not punished" (para 21).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"Barrera said his human rights group has intervened on several occasions against what it saw as excessive punishment of young Indian women. In one such case, two teen-ager girls were jailed for a week in Cochoapa, a village near Metlatonoc, for having affairs with local men. The men, Barrera said, were not punished" (para 21).
June 29, 2021, 11:26 a.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Courts may sentence women found guilty of adultery to up to one year in prison, while adultery by men is punishable only if judged to have 'an injurious quality'" (p 41).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Courts may sentence women found guilty of adultery to up to one year in prison, while adultery by men is punishable only if judged to have 'an injurious quality'" (p 41).
June 25, 2021, 12:02 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"The six men and five women were rounded up by religious officers who caught them behaving amorously in public, a crime under local Islamic law" (para 2). "Despite widespread criticism, public whipping is a common punishment for a range of offences in the deeply conservative region at the tip of Sumatra island, including gambling, drinking alcohol, and having gay sex or relations outside of marriage" (para 4). "A masked sharia officer known as an 'algojo' rained down between eight and 32 strokes from a rattan cane on their backs after they were caught with members of the opposite sex. The six men and five women - all in their late...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"The six men and five women were rounded up by religious officers who caught them behaving amorously in public, a crime under local Islamic law" (para 2). "Despite widespread criticism, public whipping is a common punishment for a range of offences in the deeply conservative region at the tip of Sumatra island, including gambling, drinking alcohol, and having gay sex or relations outside of marriage" (para 4). "A masked sharia officer known as an 'algojo' rained down between eight and 32 strokes from a rattan cane on their backs after they were caught with members of the opposite sex. The six men and five women - all in their late...more
June 25, 2021, 11:51 a.m.
Countries: Uganda
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Traditional divorce law in many areas required women to meet stricter evidentiary standards than men to prove adultery" (p 29).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Traditional divorce law in many areas required women to meet stricter evidentiary standards than men to prove adultery" (p 29).
Jan. 30, 2021, 9:18 p.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Since the court case began on the 6th Feb, various charges have been added, removed or amended against those standing trial, with up until yesterday (19th Feb) the Ethiopian woman as well as five of the male perpetrators being charged with adultery. Similarly, where there had been some dispute regarding the woman’s marital status, the court finally accepted that she was divorced, thus mitigating the threat of a death by stoning sentence which could be levelled against a married person for adultery" (para 5). "Article 146: Whoever commits the offence of adultery shall be punished with : (a) execution, by Lapidation (stoning) where the offender is married (muhsan); (b) one...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Since the court case began on the 6th Feb, various charges have been added, removed or amended against those standing trial, with up until yesterday (19th Feb) the Ethiopian woman as well as five of the male perpetrators being charged with adultery. Similarly, where there had been some dispute regarding the woman’s marital status, the court finally accepted that she was divorced, thus mitigating the threat of a death by stoning sentence which could be levelled against a married person for adultery" (para 5). "Article 146: Whoever commits the offence of adultery shall be punished with : (a) execution, by Lapidation (stoning) where the offender is married (muhsan); (b) one...more
Dec. 24, 2020, 9:57 a.m.
Countries: Syria
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"A cleric read the verdict before the truck came and dumped a large pile of stones near the municipal garden. Jihadi fighters then brought in the woman, clad head to toe in black, and put her in a small hole in the ground. When residents gathered, the fighters told them to carry out the sentence: Stoning to death for the alleged adulteress" (para 1). "The July 18 stoning was the second in a span of 24 hours. A day earlier, 26-year-old Shamseh Abdullah was killed in a similar way in the nearby town of Tabqa by Islamic State fighters. Both were accused of having sex outside marriage" (para 4). "The...more
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"A cleric read the verdict before the truck came and dumped a large pile of stones near the municipal garden. Jihadi fighters then brought in the woman, clad head to toe in black, and put her in a small hole in the ground. When residents gathered, the fighters told them to carry out the sentence: Stoning to death for the alleged adulteress" (para 1). "The July 18 stoning was the second in a span of 24 hours. A day earlier, 26-year-old Shamseh Abdullah was killed in a similar way in the nearby town of Tabqa by Islamic State fighters. Both were accused of having sex outside marriage" (para 4). "The...more
Sept. 29, 2020, 5:43 p.m.
Countries: Tanzania
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, PW-DATA-1
"Zanzibar is 98 percent Muslim; polygamy is common and extramarital sex is taboo, so unplanned pregnancies are rare, Dr. Keogh said" (para 7).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, PW-DATA-1
"Zanzibar is 98 percent Muslim; polygamy is common and extramarital sex is taboo, so unplanned pregnancies are rare, Dr. Keogh said" (para 7).
Sept. 23, 2020, 9:40 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Among the most controversial provisions of the draft criminal code is a provision that would punish extramarital sex by up to one year in jail" (para 20).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Among the most controversial provisions of the draft criminal code is a provision that would punish extramarital sex by up to one year in jail" (para 20).
Aug. 12, 2020, 3:12 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-PRACTICE-2, LRW-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"The criminalization of consensual adult sexual relations outside marriage likely deters girls and women from reporting assaults, because they can find themselves charged if the judiciary views the sexual act in question as consensual" (para 23).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-PRACTICE-2, LRW-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"The criminalization of consensual adult sexual relations outside marriage likely deters girls and women from reporting assaults, because they can find themselves charged if the judiciary views the sexual act in question as consensual" (para 23).
Aug. 8, 2020, 9:18 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"On January 7, 2019, a magistrate in Naifuri, an island in northern Maldives, sentenced a 25-year-old woman to death by stoning on charges of adultery" (para 15).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"On January 7, 2019, a magistrate in Naifuri, an island in northern Maldives, sentenced a 25-year-old woman to death by stoning on charges of adultery" (para 15).
Aug. 7, 2020, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"On September 30, a court in Rabat convicted and sentenced Hajar Raissouni, a 28-year-old journalist, to one year in prison for having an abortion and sex outside marriage after police arrested her on August 31" (para 10). "In a report released in June, the office of the General Prosecutor stated that 7,721 adults were prosecuted for having non-transactional sexual relations outside of marriage in 2018. The number includes 3,048 who were charged with adultery, 170 with same-sex relations, and all of the rest for sex between unmarried persons" (para 24).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"On September 30, a court in Rabat convicted and sentenced Hajar Raissouni, a 28-year-old journalist, to one year in prison for having an abortion and sex outside marriage after police arrested her on August 31" (para 10). "In a report released in June, the office of the General Prosecutor stated that 7,721 adults were prosecuted for having non-transactional sexual relations outside of marriage in 2018. The number includes 3,048 who were charged with adultery, 170 with same-sex relations, and all of the rest for sex between unmarried persons" (para 24).
Aug. 2, 2020, 6:20 p.m.
Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Article 356 of the federal penal code criminalizes (but does not define) 'indecent assault' and provides for a minimum sentence of one year in prison. UAE courts use this article to convict and sentence people for same-sex relations as well as consensual heterosexual relations outside marriage. Women are disproportionately impacted as pregnancy serves as evidence of extramarital sex and women who report rape can find themselves prosecuted for consensual sex instead" (para 19).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Article 356 of the federal penal code criminalizes (but does not define) 'indecent assault' and provides for a minimum sentence of one year in prison. UAE courts use this article to convict and sentence people for same-sex relations as well as consensual heterosexual relations outside marriage. Women are disproportionately impacted as pregnancy serves as evidence of extramarital sex and women who report rape can find themselves prosecuted for consensual sex instead" (para 19).
Aug. 2, 2020, 5:17 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Saudi Arabia has no written laws concerning sexual orientation or gender identity, but judges use principles of uncodified Islamic law to sanction people suspected of committing sexual relations outside marriage, including adultery, extramarital, and homosexual sex. If individuals are engaging in such relationships online, judges and prosecutors utilize vague provisions of the country's anti-cybercrime law that criminalize online activity impinging on 'public order, religious values, public morals, and privacy'" (para 13).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Saudi Arabia has no written laws concerning sexual orientation or gender identity, but judges use principles of uncodified Islamic law to sanction people suspected of committing sexual relations outside marriage, including adultery, extramarital, and homosexual sex. If individuals are engaging in such relationships online, judges and prosecutors utilize vague provisions of the country's anti-cybercrime law that criminalize online activity impinging on 'public order, religious values, public morals, and privacy'" (para 13).