Countries: Argentina
Variables: MULV-PRACTICE-1, DMW-PRACTICE-1

"Carbó said the notion of 'the good mother' is so strong in society that anyone who does not recognise their pregnancy is immediately disapproved of" (para 12).

Countries: Latvia
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"The Committee is...concerned: at the fact that discriminatory gender stereotypes and patriarchal and sexist messaging in the media and by politicians, as well as calls for adherence to traditional roles and values for women, persist in the State party; at the 2015 amendments to the Education Law providing for the moral upbringing of pupils, including in conformity with the constitutionally protected values of marriage and family, which may perpetuate discriminatory stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society. The Committee recommends that the State party: adopt a comprehensive strategy to combat discriminatory stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men...more

Countries: Sudan
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2, ATFPA-PRACTICE-3, DMW-PRACTICE-1

"This violence against women in war is in some ways an extension of Sudan’s patriarchal social structure. It’s vital to understand the gendered dimension of Sudan’s social and political structures, which leave women and girls largely powerless outside the home and subservient within it. Sudanese national identity is highly gendered, shaped by a discourse that draws heavily on an ideal of women as exemplars of culture and morality. Symbols of women as mothers and nurturers are central to the moral fabric of Sudanese society and indeed to its stability. Strict gender codes exist to ensure women conform to this role and violence is thereby seen as legitimate" (para 7-9).more

Countries: Benin
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

“ ‘Women are expected to work and earn money,’ says [Olyvia] Fadeyi, [mycologist teaching women to harness economic value of mushrooms]. ‘But what they earn from farming is not enough, and the money they do earn they are expected to give to their husbands’ ” (7). “Albertine Doussoumon and her mother, Rosaline Chabi, are two of 180 women from three villages taking part in Fadeyi’s pilot project, overseen by the University of Parakou. ‘We women make money from gathering firewood and collecting sand for the construction companies,’ says Doussoumon, in Nago, a dialect similar to the Yoruba spoken on the Nigerian side of the forest. ‘We use that to buy...more

Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

“Despite decades of campaigning by anti-FGM activists, it remains prevalent – shielded in the belief that to become a woman and be fit for marriage, girls must be cut, must be subordinate, their bodies violated and conditioned that this is the norm” (5).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"Afghan women hold educational documents during a protest as they demand the Taliban government provide them with job opportunities in Kabul last month" (para 19). This quote shows that women have no authority in society and believe her role is to serve her husband in the house (Coder Comment- EV).

Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"In village after village, grandmothers are bringing up four or five or six grandchildren, in some cases great-grandchildren, too. Often the parents slip away in the dead of night, without warning, leaving their children behind. The grandmothers become sole breadwinners, toiling in fields in heat and dirt. It’s hard to imagine the physical toll as well as the impact on their emotional and psychological wellbeing as they again feed and raise children, but without the vitality of their youth. These women have to rewrite traditions set by their ancestors. A life that once followed the seasons, gave an abundance of crops, provided a retirement plan, has changed irrevocably in the...more

Countries: Singapore
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"[T]raditional mindsets place expectations on women to assume the main caregivers’ role at home" (14).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"Lee pointed to a common joke that in South Korea, 'if you are not dating by the time you are 25, you’ll turn into a crane, meaning if you’re single you become non-human'" (para 24). "She said society considers her, and others like her, selfish for not conforming to the traditional expectations of marriage and children, 'neglecting their duties for society only for the sake of their happiness'" (para 25). "Professor Cho agreed, saying there is a lingering social expectation that the father sacrifices for the company and the mother supports the family, even if she also works. 'I know so many couples where the women are actually earning more...more

Countries: China
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

" 'The Communist Party aggressively perpetuates traditional gender norms and reduces women to their roles as reproductive tools for the state, dutiful wives, mothers and baby breeders in the home,' Leta Hong Fincher, a Hong Kong-American writer, wrote in the Washington Post. 'The party also is carrying out an unprecedented crackdown on feminist activists because China's all-male rulers seem to think that China's entire security state would collapse were it not for the subjugation of women' " (para 8-9). "All forms of activism are viewed as a form of civil disobedience that the [Chinese Communist Party] cannot afford to tolerate, meaning that progressive ideas such as gender equality are viewed...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"[There is a] persistence of discriminatory stereotypes about the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, which are deeply rooted in Cambodian culture and continue to perpetuate gender inequality by normalizing male superiority and promoting women’s passivity and compliance. It is concerned that such gender stereotypes, as reflected in the Chbab Srey and the Chbab Prohh, the traditional codes of conduct for women and men, respectively, legitimize gender-based violence against women" (7). The Cambodian culture contains patriarchal attitudes (MV- coder comment).

Countries: Albania
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"As a sporty, active young woman, Gjystina - or Duni, as she is known to those closest to her - was determined to be independent. She never imagined a traditional life for herself of marriage, housework, wearing dresses…" (Para.10). "Growing up alongside her aunt in Lepushe, Valerjana found that the options for women in the area were minimal, with an expectation to marry young" (Para.18).

Countries: Tanzania
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"Societal perception of girls and women, and cultural practices like FGM, gender-based initiation ceremonies and traditional dances, have all been found to be drivers of child marriage. Moreover, the social norms related to agency and choice, such as bride prices, the position traditionally held by women in society, and religion, can also be seen as cultural norms that sometimes drive child marriage. FGM, for example, is used as a rite of passage into adulthood: a signal that a girl is ready to marry. A girl from a community practising FGM is customarily not considered ready for marriage until she has undergone FGM" (10).

Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"The Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men Act states that the family, motherhood, paternity and childhood are protected by the State, women and men have equal rights and responsibilities in family relations, and family relations are based on:...equality of rights and responsibilities with respect to domestic work; the maintenance, upbringing and education of children employment; and protection of the rights and interests of minors and non-working members of the family. Parents have equal rights to receive an allowance to care for infants and family members with disabilities, and both parents are entitled to paid leave in connection with the birth of a child. The duration of...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"[W]omen are recognized as one of the most vulnerable for the arduous challenges that arise from draught and environmental degradation" (21). "Regular trainings on improved fuel saving technology are provided to women" (23). Giving women training on fuel-saving appliances in the home indicates that women are expected to be at home (MV-coder comment).