Countries: Latvia
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, DLB-DATA-1

"The Committee [is]concerned about...the unequal sharing of family responsibilities between women and men" (11).

Countries: Benin
Variables: DLB-DATA-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2

“The spread of conflict in the Sahel region depends on the recruitment of disaffected men who have few economic options. Women having livelihoods and income is an important alternative for husbands or male family members who might be otherwise be drawn to groups such as the al-Qaida-affiliated Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen” (4). “ ‘Women are expected to work and earn money,’ says [Olyvia] Fadeyi, [mycologist teaching women to harness economic value of mushrooms]. ‘But what they earn from farming is not enough, and the money they do earn they are expected to give to their husbands’ ” (7). “Albertine Doussoumon and her mother, Rosaline Chabi, are two of 180...more

Countries: United States
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"'Especially for low-wage working women and women of color, especially Black and Latina women, there has been generations of undervaluing fair labor, even though that labor is the backbone of our economy,' said Elizabeth Gedmark, vice president of A Better Balance" (para 2). Work hours of low-wage working women are considered by this person to be the unacknowledged backbone of the economy, indicating that a large proportion of work hours are supplied by low-wage working women (ET - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Bhutan
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-DATA-1, DLB-DATA-1, CUST-LAW-1

"Also of concern is the burden on women as caretakers and unpaid workers in the home, which may hinder or entirely preclude professional development. In the case of divorce, Bhutanese law grants custody of children under nine years old to the mother, a statute that may further ingrain the stereotype of women as primary caregivers. A 2001 study found that, in rural areas, women were responsible for cooking, washing clothes, and preserving food for over 80 percent of households; urban regions presented an even starker figure, with more than 90 percent of households leaving cooking, cleaning, washing and food purchasing to women. These time-consuming tasks undeniably present a barrier to...more

Countries: Senegal
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"Similarly, the average time required to fetch water has decreased from three hours to one hour, representing a gain of two hours or, over the course of a year, 30 days of additional free time for women." (24). "Finally, the Programme’s processing equipment has lightened women’s workload in activities such as the threshing of grains and their processing into flour." (24).

Countries: Maldives
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"In addition to the social norms which shape girls’ educational focus and which direct the labour force engagement, unpaid care work in the home remains the key challenge to women’s full and robust labour force participation. Women spend on average six hours a day on unpaid care work in the home, as compared to men who spend 3 hours a day on average." (22).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"Many women still say nope. No wonder. There’s little escaping suffocating gender norms, whether in pregnancy guidelines to arrange clean undergarments for your husband before labor, or the dayslong kitchen drudgework for holidays like the Chuseok harvest festival. Married women are saddled with the lion’s share of chores and child care, squeezing new mothers so much that many give up professional ambitions. Even in dual-income households, wives daily spend more than three hours on these tasks versus their husband’s 54 minutes." (para 10). "It’s clear that countries with a disproportionate division of child care or lacking national paid parental leave, like Japan and the United States, also have plunging fertility...more

Countries: Guyana
Variables: DLB-DATA-1, WAM-PRACTICE-1, AOM-DATA-2, DMW-PRACTICE-1

"The Committee welcomes awareness-raising initiatives on gender equality undertaken by the Gender Affairs Bureau, including in hinterland regions. Nevertheless, it notes the following with concern: (a) The persistence of discriminatory sex- and gender-based stereotypes and social inequalities between women and men, as well as patriarchal power structures in the State party, which are perpetuated through the media and advertising; (b) That the unequal division of family and domestic responsibilities between women and men places a disproportionate burden on women, especially single mothers; (c) That 27 per cent of women in the State party marry before they reach 18 years of age, that such marriages are legal with judicial authorization and...more

Countries: Lebanon
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"UNHCR staff reported restrictions on movement [for refugees] increasingly forced families to send children and young women, whom authorities are less likely to stop yet who are more vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, to perform family errands" (24).

Countries: Japan
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"And a Japanese governor who recommended men go grocery shopping during the pandemic because women take too long" (para 2). This suggests that women may generally be expected to shop for groceries (JLR CODER COMMENT). "During the economic miracle, women were largely relegated to the domestic sphere or occupied clerical and secretarial roles in offices, largely due to attitudes at that time. '(The older generation) think back then society worked better and the economy was better -- there's that arrogance,' said Choo. Mori and Nikai both said women should remain silent. Choo says their disparaging remarks toward women were examples of traditional and outdated views on the place of women...more

Countries: Lebanon
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"Mary, another domestic worker, said that her employer would force her to work for 19 hours every day, for seven days a week, without a break or a day off" (para 17).

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"During the pandemic Pakistan has seen…an increased burden of domestic and care work imposed on working women" (para 5). "Najeeb said women have faced a significant rise in care work at home, exacerbated by the increase in domestic violence" (para 13).

Countries: Australia
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"Women continue to do the bulk of unpaid care and domestic work, with 32.6% of women reporting doing 15 or more hours of unpaid domestic work per week as compared to 11.7% of men" (9).

Countries: Japan
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"And Ms. Hojo, like many women in Japan, cannot accept a full-time job even after Mr. Abe pushed through a law intended to ease Japan’s brutal work culture. Because she shoulders the bulk of housework and child care, the hours at work would be too demanding" (para 4). "Ms. Hojo, the accountant, said she viewed her destiny as extending beyond motherhood. 'I still have ambition,' she said. When she returned to work after staying home with her newborn daughter for two years, she took a part-time job at the medical clinic where she had previously worked full time. Since her husband worked 100-hour weeks as a delivery service driver, she...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"Cultural traditions discourage women from working outside the home, according to Mashooque Birhamani, SSO’s chief executive officer" (para 2). "Clean water is also a major issue—many citizens, usually women and children, must walk five or more miles in search of drinking water. The task often keeps children, particularly girls, out of school" (para 11).