The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
women in the world.

Latest items for CWC-DATA-2

Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"Those in our rural areas are most at risk of trafficking, and exploitation, they are our most vulnerable, majority coloured, living in poverty, family violence, abuse, lack of education, and resources" (para 8). "It is important to note that our Maori families are mostly from rural areas, many of our children are not in school for lack of resources, children run away from home from lack of support, perhaps family violence, alcohol and drug use, sexual abuse within the family or community and run away to cities like Auckland to make money. But when they arrive, choices are limited, girls as young as 12 have no formal education, they are...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 2:32 p.m.
Countries: Malawi
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"In recent years, the fish population has been declining largely because of overfishing and climate change, experts say. That decline has become a key driver for transactional sex across Malawi’s lakeshore districts – where fishing is a way of life and means of income – especially in markets where many buyers are impoverished women, said Fanuel Kapute, professor of fisheries and aquatic science at Mzuzu University in northern Malawi" (par. 5-6). "Malawi has a Gender Equality Act that prohibits sexual harassment with a penalty of 1 million kwacha (approximately $974) and a five-year jail term. But it has barely been enforced and information about it is hardly disseminated in rural...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 2:03 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"We have overcome huge hurdles to become journalists. The youngest in the team, Shukri Mohamed Abdi, comes from a rural community where the very concept of being a journalist does not exist. Members of her clan have insulted and threatened her because of her work" (par. 12). "During our first year, we have reported on as many positive topics as negative ones, including on urban women who have set up farms outside Mogadishu" (par. 14).
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"The coverage of preschool education in urban areas is 34.2 per cent, in rural areas – 17.9 per cent" (22). Table 11, titled "Number of children in pre-school establishments, broken down by place of residence," shows that the number of girls in pre-school has grown each year, both in rural and urban areas. In 2013, there were 37,137 girls in pre-school in urban areas and 27,681 girls in pre-school in rural areas. By 2017, there were 44,831 girls in pre-school in urban areas and 46,123 girls in pre-school in rural areas. The total number of children in pre-school, including both boys and girls in rural and urban areas, grew from...more
Jan. 9, 2025, 10:18 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"In the nineteen-twenties, dowry payments occurred in about a third of marriages. By 2008, they were near-universal in rural areas, and many regions had seen alarming rates of dowry inflation" (para 35).
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"A national strategy for the development of statistics in Tajikistan for the period to 2030 was approved by Government decision No. 585 of 27 November 2019. The plan of action for the first phase of the strategy for 2019–2023, includes 16 activities for the development of gender statistics. In particular, there are plans to conduct a survey on the prevalence of gender-based violence against women and girls while ensuring that it covers rural women and women and girls belonging to other disadvantaged groups" (p. 25). This suggests that rural women are seen at a disadvantage as compared to women in urban locations because they are listed as a disadvantaged group...more
Jan. 2, 2025, 4:36 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"Other troubling trends have emerged recently: These are not necessarily sexual in nature, but target people — especially women — as consumers through a pay-for-affection model. Japan has seen a rise of subcultures including oshikatsu (literally translated, 'support activities'), men concept cafes (mencon) — similar to maid cafes but where men, rather than women, entertain customers, often young women and even underage girls — and men chika idols, performers who exist outside mainstream entertainment (chika means 'underground'). In oshikatsu and men chika settings, female-heavy fan bases show their dedication to their favorite entertainers, buying merchandise, attending events and, in some cases, spending large amounts of money, potentially exceeding what they...more
Dec. 10, 2024, 3:36 p.m.
Countries: Laos
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"Yet challenges persist, especially among remote and rural populations, who often struggle with limited access to sexual and reproductive health services" (para 6). "Across many remote and hard-to-reach Lao communities, a shortage of trained health providers jeopardizes access to family planning and sexual and reproductive health services – endangering the lives of women and girls" (para 12).
Dec. 6, 2024, 10:28 a.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"Women from poorer regions – where there are fewer opportunities to study or find work – are particularly affected" (para 16).
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:44 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"'Social norms act as a constraint. In rural areas, the ability to work outside the home is hard because you may have to travel longer distances, and public transit isn't there,' the ILO's Verick says. 'But then in urban areas, there can be safety concerns about taking those rides, and some families decide it's ultimately not worth taking the risk.' Urban infrastructure hasn't kept pace with this inflow of migrants. Startups and the gig economy have filled the gap, but those carry risks for women too, says economist Ritu Dewan, the first female director of the economics department at the University of Mumbai. 'Violence against women is exacerbated by privatization....more
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"The Committee notes with concern…[t]he fact that services for victims of gender-based violence are neither inclusive of nor accessible by women from the most disadvantaged groups and are available only in urban areas" (8).
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"The government has undertaken specific programs to address the impact of poverty on rural women, including in indigenous communities" (21).
July 26, 2024, 6:17 p.m.
Countries: Benin
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

“[O]pportunities for women in areas away from the urban hubs are few. Just 13% of women in Benin own land and 30% marry before the age of 18, according to a UN report” (6).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"In 2018, the Land Fund approved the Operational Manual for the Policy to Facilitate Access to Ownership of Land and Other Productive Assets for Peasant, Mayan, Xinca, Garifuna and Mestizo Women. The Manual sets forth the conceptual framework, methodological guidelines and technical tools for staff capacity-building and the empowerment of rural women" (31). The fact that the government is focused on providing access to land to peasant women and women from indigenous groups indicate that these women face concerns regarding land security (AMC - CODER COMMENT).
April 19, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[There is] persistent lack of awareness among women, specifically rural women, Roma women, [and older women], of their rights under the Convention and available remedies" (3). "Women belonging to disadvantaged groups, such as Roma women or women with disabilities, are not represented in political or public life" (10). "[There has been a] reduction of the risk of statelessness among the Roma population, from 30,000 persons at risk in 2004 to 2,200 in 2018" (11). The Roma population is usually at risk of being stateless including females (MV-coder comment). "[E]lectronic birth registration [are not extended] to home births and to all parents, including Roma [] parents and those without an address...more
April 19, 2024, 1:45 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[There is] high unemployment rates, in particular among Roma women [] and rural women" (13). "[A]dolescent pregnancy [is prevalent] among Roma girls" (14). "[There is a] low participation of women in birth preparation programmes, especially among rural women and Roma women" (14). "[F]ree anti-retroviral treatment [is not easily accessible] for [Roma women and those in institutions]" (14). "[R]ural women lack access to health care, education, formal employment opportunities, retirement and social security schemes, and land ownership on an equal basis with men" (15). "Child marriage is present in the general population, in urban and rural areas, and in particular in the Roma community" (16).
April 19, 2024, 1:44 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"Roma women, [and older women] continue to experience multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination... [T]hose women continue to have limited access to health care, education, employment and social assistance and they lack protection from gender-based violence" (16).
March 30, 2024, 2:46 p.m.
Countries: Lithuania
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[There is an] insufficient numbers of specialized support centres [for women who are victims of gender-based violence] in rural areas" (7). "[T]emporary special measures [are not adopted], including quotas for female candidates of political parties and heads of municipalities, to increase the participation of women, in particular rural women [and] women belonging to ethnic minority groups" (9-10). "Vertical and horizontal occupational segregation [make it difficult to] integrat[e] Roma women, rural women, and older women [] into the labour market" (11). "[T]he action plan for the integration of Roma into Lithuanian society, 2015–2020, is also aimed at the economic empowerment of Roma women" (12).
March 26, 2024, 11:15 a.m.
Countries: Lithuania
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[There are no] specific interventions to leverage opportunities for the economic empowerment of rural women, [or to] ensure that they are involved in the design of those strategies and programmes, focusing on women not only as victims or beneficiaries but also as active participants in the formulation and implementation of such policies" (13). "[G]irls, in particular Roma girls, are disproportionately affected by child marriage" (14). "[D]ata disaggregated by sex and age are still scarce in relation to rural women and girls" (14).
March 26, 2024, 11:13 a.m.
Countries: Lithuania
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[D]espite the existing compulsory health insurance system, to basic health services, access to sexual and reproductive health services and modern contraceptives, for girls and young women, including girls and women in rural areas and Roma girls and women, [is still limited]" (12). "[T]he gains from the rapid economic development in the State party have not been equally shared, in particular by women and girls belonging to minority groups, women in rural areas, [and] older women" (13). "[A] sufficient number of affordable and accessible childcare facilities [are not provided] in rural areas" (13).
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[In rural areas, Gabonese women] are also constrained in their efforts by the lack of access to information and technologies that would help them to expand their [entrepeneural] activities" (23). "The prevalence rate [of persons aged 1 year or over living with disabilities] is two and a half times higher in rural areas than in urban areas" (25). "The Government has also introduced a human investment strategy by providing micro-credit in rural areas since 2016" (29). Women lack access to micro-credit in rural areas (MV-coder comment).
March 14, 2024, 1:07 a.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[S]pecial emphasis is placed on training and capacity-building for rural women in farming techniques, conservation and product processing" (22). Rural women lack these trainings and knowledge (MV-coder comment). "[R]ural women face enormous difficulties because the road network remains problematic and is an obstacle to mobility and product marketing... [R]ural women are economically vulnerable" (22).
March 14, 2024, 1:05 a.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"There are judicial structures in rural areas, but the professional staff have not received training. Mobile courts are also organized regularly in rural areas (when funding is available)" (5). "[W]omen receive a number of benefits, including systematic registration for health insurance (with the National Health Insurance and Social Protection Fund) and free health care during pregnancy and childbirth. However, the existing facilities are limited in number, distant from women in rural areas, and under-resourced in terms of equipment and staff" (22). "[S]chool facilities in rural areas are often distant, poorly equipped and lacking staff" (22).
Feb. 20, 2024, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[M]obile courts [are not organized] to better reach the most remote areas… Judicial facilities are inaccessible, especially in rural and conflict-affected areas, which prevents women, in particular vulnerable groups of women, from gaining access to justice and reparations" (5). Women in remote areas do not always have access to judicial services (MV-coder comment). "[R]ural women and women with disabilities [are unaware] of their rights under the Convention and the remedies available to them to claim those rights" (6). "Access for women and girls to sexual and reproductive health services and family planning services is inadequate, especially among indigenous women and girls, who also lack access to vaccinations" (12).more
Feb. 20, 2024, 2:33 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[B]usiness and financial knowledge among women and financial literacy campaigns [need to improve], with a particular focus on rural women and women in poverty" (13). These women lack knowledge in business and finances (MV-coder comment). "Rural women lack funding for their agricultural activities, have limited access to agricultural credits, have no access to new farming techniques and do not own productive assets such as land" (13). "Customary patriarchal practices persist that prevent rural women and girls from inheriting" (14). "Rural women have limited access to education and health services, including sexual and reproductive health services, as well as safe and affordable contraceptive services" (14).
Feb. 20, 2024, 2:32 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"Child marriage persists, in particular in rural areas" (17).
Feb. 20, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"Pygmy women, especially in North Kivu Province, face multiple forms of discrimination, in particular from the Bantu population[.] Pygmy women have limited access to education and maternal and prenatal health services" (15).
Jan. 29, 2024, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[B]arriers to access to high-quality education at all levels [are] faced by Roma, [and] rural [girls]" (10). "[There is] disproportionately low enrolment and completion rates at all levels of education among Roma girls, [and] rural girls" (11). "[A]ccess to high-quality health-care services [is limited] for women belonging to disadvantaged groups who are not covered by health insurance, including rural women" (12). "[R]ural women and girls bear a disproportionate burden of unpaid work at home and in agriculture, which prevents many girls from completing secondary education" (13). "There is a high rate of child marriage among the Roma population" (14).
Jan. 23, 2024, 5:06 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"[T]he insufficient access to free legal aid for women [is concerning], especially those belonging to disadvantaged groups and in rural areas, who wish to complain about gender-based discrimination and violence" (4). "[There is an] absence of temporary special measures to promote the political representation of disadvantaged groups of women, such as Roma women" (6). "[E]ducational and economic opportunities for women and girls and their families [are not enhanced], in particular among the Roma community" (8). "[There is a] lack of participation of women belonging to disadvantaged groups, including Roma women, in political and public life" (9).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"As part of the project [to promote the cultural rights of indigenous peoples in the heart of the Congo Basin in Bayanga], a functional human rights centre was established, facilitating legal assistance and conflict resolution by local people, particularly for indigenous minority groups. Several cases of human rights violations have been investigated" (20). "A large part of the rural population, in particular women, are left out of information and communication processes" (38).