Latest items for CUST-PRACTICE-1
Dec. 6, 2024, 10:40 a.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"Although men are legally responsible for paying for their children’s maintenance, there is little enforcement and women often end up bearing the financial burden" (para 21).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"Although men are legally responsible for paying for their children’s maintenance, there is little enforcement and women often end up bearing the financial burden" (para 21).
April 19, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Only one third of partners make regular child support payments" (16).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Only one third of partners make regular child support payments" (16).
Jan. 28, 2024, 6:55 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The grandmothers become sole breadwinners, toiling in fields in heat and dirt. It’s hard to imagine the physical toll as well as the impact on their emotional and psychological wellbeing as they again feed and raise children, but without the vitality of their youth"(para 7). This quote shows that in this society their is no child support (EV-Coder Comment). "'I get up at 5am, and begin by sweeping the yard and continue to work all day until 9pm without a moment’s rest. I constantly worry about my grandchildren. We’re really close, I worry about them when they’re out of sight. I also think about my children and wonder how they...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The grandmothers become sole breadwinners, toiling in fields in heat and dirt. It’s hard to imagine the physical toll as well as the impact on their emotional and psychological wellbeing as they again feed and raise children, but without the vitality of their youth"(para 7). This quote shows that in this society their is no child support (EV-Coder Comment). "'I get up at 5am, and begin by sweeping the yard and continue to work all day until 9pm without a moment’s rest. I constantly worry about my grandchildren. We’re really close, I worry about them when they’re out of sight. I also think about my children and wonder how they...more
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"The Administration of Justice has set up maintenance courts in major centre areas to enable women to access payment of maintenance. Implementation of the Affiliation Proceedings Act has been intensified by ensuring the enforcement of maintenance orders by the police" (13).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"The Administration of Justice has set up maintenance courts in major centre areas to enable women to access payment of maintenance. Implementation of the Affiliation Proceedings Act has been intensified by ensuring the enforcement of maintenance orders by the police" (13).
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
“The ministry currently accounts for just 0.2% of the government's budget but women say it has made a concrete difference to their lives. Since it was established more than 20 years ago it has… secured more generous child support payments for single mothers” (para 20). "All but two of the employees on Shin's team are women, who all started working for the company after having children. Two in their 30s joined this year, citing almost identical circumstances to the ones Shin experienced two decades ago” (para 31). The women working on this contract-work team had to leave previous jobs due to insufficient childcare opportunities. Childcare responsibilities seem to fall to...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
“The ministry currently accounts for just 0.2% of the government's budget but women say it has made a concrete difference to their lives. Since it was established more than 20 years ago it has… secured more generous child support payments for single mothers” (para 20). "All but two of the employees on Shin's team are women, who all started working for the company after having children. Two in their 30s joined this year, citing almost identical circumstances to the ones Shin experienced two decades ago” (para 31). The women working on this contract-work team had to leave previous jobs due to insufficient childcare opportunities. Childcare responsibilities seem to fall to...more
Oct. 15, 2023, 2:22 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"From its misbegotten conception in 1993, I have followed the fate of the notorious Child Support Agency, now rebranded but worsened as the Child Maintenance Service (CMS). Pretending to lever maintenance for children from absent fathers to give to mothers, it fails again and again. There is a deep political, cultural and legal bias that lets fathers get away with it. It’s the same women-are-to-blame instinct that tilts the benefit system against single mothers" (para 2–3). "From the National Audit Office today comes yet another report on the CMS’s abysmal performance. The audit office gets more complaints on this 'than any other single issue'. Hardly surprising, when only a third...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"From its misbegotten conception in 1993, I have followed the fate of the notorious Child Support Agency, now rebranded but worsened as the Child Maintenance Service (CMS). Pretending to lever maintenance for children from absent fathers to give to mothers, it fails again and again. There is a deep political, cultural and legal bias that lets fathers get away with it. It’s the same women-are-to-blame instinct that tilts the benefit system against single mothers" (para 2–3). "From the National Audit Office today comes yet another report on the CMS’s abysmal performance. The audit office gets more complaints on this 'than any other single issue'. Hardly surprising, when only a third...more
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"In this reporting period, there is clear evidence of the Magistrates Courts taking the issue of Child Allowance payments seriously, and a system has been established whereby any man owing child allowance must pay this off before being permitted to enter into another marriage contract. If the man moves to a different island to marry, the Magistrates Court of that island will contact authorities on his home island to see if there are any outstanding Child Allowance payments. Since January 2012, any person wishing to marry more than one person should earn at least Rf 15,000 (approximately USD $975)." (35).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"In this reporting period, there is clear evidence of the Magistrates Courts taking the issue of Child Allowance payments seriously, and a system has been established whereby any man owing child allowance must pay this off before being permitted to enter into another marriage contract. If the man moves to a different island to marry, the Magistrates Court of that island will contact authorities on his home island to see if there are any outstanding Child Allowance payments. Since January 2012, any person wishing to marry more than one person should earn at least Rf 15,000 (approximately USD $975)." (35).
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Authorities normally awarded custody of children to the mother, but she may not make decisions about education or take the children out of the country without the father’s authorization. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments" (29).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Authorities normally awarded custody of children to the mother, but she may not make decisions about education or take the children out of the country without the father’s authorization. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments" (29).
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The maintenance conciliation service offered by the Ministry is an alternative to judicial dispute settlement and an expeditious, free, flexible, accessible and legally enforceable option. A nationwide automated maintenance payments system has been in place since 2017 and processes more than 29,820 child support payments. " (8). "With regard to child support, the care and upbringing of children, and contact and visiting arrangements, the Ministry of Family, Youth and Children’s Affairs has trained 361 civil servants as family conciliators. As a result, 55,776 children and young people have recovered their right to child support payments. An automated single maintenance payments system serves to expedite those payments. It currently processes 29,820...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The maintenance conciliation service offered by the Ministry is an alternative to judicial dispute settlement and an expeditious, free, flexible, accessible and legally enforceable option. A nationwide automated maintenance payments system has been in place since 2017 and processes more than 29,820 child support payments. " (8). "With regard to child support, the care and upbringing of children, and contact and visiting arrangements, the Ministry of Family, Youth and Children’s Affairs has trained 361 civil servants as family conciliators. As a result, 55,776 children and young people have recovered their right to child support payments. An automated single maintenance payments system serves to expedite those payments. It currently processes 29,820...more
June 12, 2023, 4:20 p.m.
Countries: Jordan
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he importance of women’s financial independence, needed to battle for child custody in courts and provide a good life for their children. However, this is extremely difficult since only 15 percent of Jordanian women are in the workforce." (Para.11).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he importance of women’s financial independence, needed to battle for child custody in courts and provide a good life for their children. However, this is extremely difficult since only 15 percent of Jordanian women are in the workforce." (Para.11).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Non-payment of alimony puts single-parent families into a crisis that is further worsened in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, because parents lose their jobs, have lower income and their livelihoods are threatened. Many parents do not want to provide financial support to their children after a divorce, and no adequate mechanism has yet been found in the legislation to force such parents to pay alimony...During the year 2019 and until August 31, 2020, the courts in Montenegro imposed a total of 203 sanctions on parents who did not pay alimony, whereby 43 people were sent to prison for non-payment of child support, and six were sentenced to house arrest"...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Non-payment of alimony puts single-parent families into a crisis that is further worsened in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, because parents lose their jobs, have lower income and their livelihoods are threatened. Many parents do not want to provide financial support to their children after a divorce, and no adequate mechanism has yet been found in the legislation to force such parents to pay alimony...During the year 2019 and until August 31, 2020, the courts in Montenegro imposed a total of 203 sanctions on parents who did not pay alimony, whereby 43 people were sent to prison for non-payment of child support, and six were sentenced to house arrest"...more
Feb. 2, 2023, 2:39 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1, CUST-PRACTICE-1
"In many US states including New York, revenge porn laws are stronger today than they were just a few years ago. That’s why Seifullah wants people to know: 'There’s lots you can do to fight back... it’s far more common for it to be very obvious who the person is who’s causing the harm,' Seifullah said. 'And it’s very, very typically an abusive, controlling, obsessive ex-partner who wants to use it to harm the person: to humiliate them or to use that kind of threat as leverage for custody or alimony reasons'” (para 5-6).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1, CUST-PRACTICE-1
"In many US states including New York, revenge porn laws are stronger today than they were just a few years ago. That’s why Seifullah wants people to know: 'There’s lots you can do to fight back... it’s far more common for it to be very obvious who the person is who’s causing the harm,' Seifullah said. 'And it’s very, very typically an abusive, controlling, obsessive ex-partner who wants to use it to harm the person: to humiliate them or to use that kind of threat as leverage for custody or alimony reasons'” (para 5-6).
Jan. 12, 2023, 8:01 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"This was soon followed by, 'the Law Regulating Relations Between Mothers, Fathers and Children [1981]...which created equal rights over children for both parents; and the Law of Nurturing [1982] which obliged all men to contribute to their children’s upkeep and to do their share of household tasks' (Collinson et al, 1990)" (para 13) (NF - CODER COMMENT - Being that there was no prior law enforcing men to pay child support, it is highly likely that any form of child support was done through informal channels or was not done at all).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"This was soon followed by, 'the Law Regulating Relations Between Mothers, Fathers and Children [1981]...which created equal rights over children for both parents; and the Law of Nurturing [1982] which obliged all men to contribute to their children’s upkeep and to do their share of household tasks' (Collinson et al, 1990)" (para 13) (NF - CODER COMMENT - Being that there was no prior law enforcing men to pay child support, it is highly likely that any form of child support was done through informal channels or was not done at all).
Jan. 21, 2022, 9:22 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Women have legal rights to property and child custody, and the more educated and urbanized members of the female population were more likely to enjoy these rights" (16).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Women have legal rights to property and child custody, and the more educated and urbanized members of the female population were more likely to enjoy these rights" (16).
Jan. 13, 2022, 10:29 a.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: ADCM-PRACTICE-1, CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The court ruled that fathers who sire children out of wedlock must have equal parental responsibility as mothers"(39).
Variables: ADCM-PRACTICE-1, CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The court ruled that fathers who sire children out of wedlock must have equal parental responsibility as mothers"(39).
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Child support is required from the father. However, if the child(ren) are adopted he does not owe them anything" (1).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Child support is required from the father. However, if the child(ren) are adopted he does not owe them anything" (1).
July 23, 2021, 12:51 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Sarbjeet Kaur’s husband stopped sending money for his daughter’s school fees in 2016, with three months left in the term. Sarbjeet sold her sofa and two cupboards so she could finish. Last year, she sold the gold earrings her parents had given to her daughter – again, for school fees, this time at her new, cheaper school" (Para 63-64).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Sarbjeet Kaur’s husband stopped sending money for his daughter’s school fees in 2016, with three months left in the term. Sarbjeet sold her sofa and two cupboards so she could finish. Last year, she sold the gold earrings her parents had given to her daughter – again, for school fees, this time at her new, cheaper school" (Para 63-64).
July 3, 2021, 4:03 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"A highly unexpected ruling by the court declared that the father would have to pay MAD 100,000 ($11,200) to the mother. The court stated that the father committed 'debauchery' (having a sexual relationship outside the institution of marriage) according to Chapter 490 of the Criminal Code. Additionally, the judge ruled that the UN's Convention on the Rights of a Child (OHCHR) takes precedence over the Moroccan family code in this case" (para 4).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"A highly unexpected ruling by the court declared that the father would have to pay MAD 100,000 ($11,200) to the mother. The court stated that the father committed 'debauchery' (having a sexual relationship outside the institution of marriage) according to Chapter 490 of the Criminal Code. Additionally, the judge ruled that the UN's Convention on the Rights of a Child (OHCHR) takes precedence over the Moroccan family code in this case" (para 4).
June 9, 2021, 8:43 p.m.
Countries: Poland
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The failure to pay for the support of a next of kin was a crime laid down in the Penal Code (art. 209(1)). It was subject to a fine, the penalty of restriction of liberty or the penalty of deprivation of liberty for up to two years. If a debtor did not perform any payable work and did not possess any tangible property that could be used to exact payment of debts, the person entitled to support could take legal action to obtain maintenance payments from the debtor’s family. In the event the enforcement proved ineffective, the child entitled to support payments from its parent could apply for financial assistance...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The failure to pay for the support of a next of kin was a crime laid down in the Penal Code (art. 209(1)). It was subject to a fine, the penalty of restriction of liberty or the penalty of deprivation of liberty for up to two years. If a debtor did not perform any payable work and did not possess any tangible property that could be used to exact payment of debts, the person entitled to support could take legal action to obtain maintenance payments from the debtor’s family. In the event the enforcement proved ineffective, the child entitled to support payments from its parent could apply for financial assistance...more
Dec. 20, 2020, 6:53 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"Both parents must agree to conditions that they will maintain and guarantee the child's safety" (5).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"Both parents must agree to conditions that they will maintain and guarantee the child's safety" (5).
Oct. 22, 2020, 2:22 p.m.
Countries: Armenia
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Even if the mother is granted custody, such orders may be difficult to enforce. For example, in 2015, a domestic violence survivor was granted custody of her son after taking her former spouse to court. Despite being granted custody, the custody exchange still has not been enforced by the Department of Child Custody and her rights continue to be violated" (44).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Even if the mother is granted custody, such orders may be difficult to enforce. For example, in 2015, a domestic violence survivor was granted custody of her son after taking her former spouse to court. Despite being granted custody, the custody exchange still has not been enforced by the Department of Child Custody and her rights continue to be violated" (44).
Sept. 14, 2020, 6:34 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Legislative Decree No. 7/1986 promulgating the Law on the trusteeship of Funds, article (14) states that ‘Trusteeship of the minor's Fund is for the grandfather (Father's side), unless the father has chosen a trustee. The grandfather must conduct it, and he may not step down except with the permission of the Council’. Such an article constitutes a blatant discrimination against women and violation of their guardianship rights" (1).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Legislative Decree No. 7/1986 promulgating the Law on the trusteeship of Funds, article (14) states that ‘Trusteeship of the minor's Fund is for the grandfather (Father's side), unless the father has chosen a trustee. The grandfather must conduct it, and he may not step down except with the permission of the Council’. Such an article constitutes a blatant discrimination against women and violation of their guardianship rights" (1).
Sept. 4, 2020, 9:43 p.m.
Countries: Lebanon
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-2, CUST-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Discrimination includes inequality in access to divorce, child custody, and inheritance and property rights" (para 17).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-2, CUST-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Discrimination includes inequality in access to divorce, child custody, and inheritance and property rights" (para 17).
June 23, 2020, 5:54 p.m.
Countries: Estonia
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee notes with concern: (a) That women in de facto unions and their children may be deprived of adequate protection of their economic rights in case of separation; (b) The absence of regulations to implement the Registered Partnership Act of 2014; (c) The deficiency in enforcement of child support payments, which leads to a high default rate by men on their payments" (12).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee notes with concern: (a) That women in de facto unions and their children may be deprived of adequate protection of their economic rights in case of separation; (b) The absence of regulations to implement the Registered Partnership Act of 2014; (c) The deficiency in enforcement of child support payments, which leads to a high default rate by men on their payments" (12).
May 31, 2020, 4:27 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"In the whole procedures of receiving, investigating and hearing divorce cases the court finds out about which of the husband and wife should take custody of children and which is in the best interest of the children concerned, and gives ruling by taking into full account the views of both parties. The principle adhered to in this regard is to place a child under three years of age in the custody of the mother. The party that has no custody of children is under obligation to pay the expenses for the upbringing of the children within the range of 10-30 per cent of his/her monthly income until they reach working...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"In the whole procedures of receiving, investigating and hearing divorce cases the court finds out about which of the husband and wife should take custody of children and which is in the best interest of the children concerned, and gives ruling by taking into full account the views of both parties. The principle adhered to in this regard is to place a child under three years of age in the custody of the mother. The party that has no custody of children is under obligation to pay the expenses for the upbringing of the children within the range of 10-30 per cent of his/her monthly income until they reach working...more
April 22, 2020, 5:16 p.m.
Countries: Lebanon
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Across all confessions, women faced legal and other obstacles when terminating unhappy or abusive marriages; limitations on their pecuniary rights; and the risk of losing their children if they remarry or when the so-called maternal custody period (determined by the child’s age) ends" (10). "For women legally able to obtain a divorce, concerns about having their children reside with them often make them unable or unwilling to pursue a divorce" (17). "Any claims by the wife, including financial suits related to mahr, compensation, and spousal maintenance and care of children claims, must be addressed in separate legal actions" (63). "During the trial, the husband may also explicitly refuse to certify...more
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Across all confessions, women faced legal and other obstacles when terminating unhappy or abusive marriages; limitations on their pecuniary rights; and the risk of losing their children if they remarry or when the so-called maternal custody period (determined by the child’s age) ends" (10). "For women legally able to obtain a divorce, concerns about having their children reside with them often make them unable or unwilling to pursue a divorce" (17). "Any claims by the wife, including financial suits related to mahr, compensation, and spousal maintenance and care of children claims, must be addressed in separate legal actions" (63). "During the trial, the husband may also explicitly refuse to certify...more
March 24, 2020, 3:35 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"Uganda’s penal code does prohibit abandoning and failing to support children. But Ms. Animbou said she never went to the Ugandan base or the local authorities to report the soldier. 'They don’t want to talk about this, even with the authorities,' said Mr. Daba, adding that some women were threatened by Ugandan soldiers. 'The U.P.D.F. said they will do something bad to them — kill them or something else.'" (para 27-28).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3
"Uganda’s penal code does prohibit abandoning and failing to support children. But Ms. Animbou said she never went to the Ugandan base or the local authorities to report the soldier. 'They don’t want to talk about this, even with the authorities,' said Mr. Daba, adding that some women were threatened by Ugandan soldiers. 'The U.P.D.F. said they will do something bad to them — kill them or something else.'" (para 27-28).
Dec. 14, 2019, 2:59 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"She has now given birth to two children but is unsure which of the brothers is the father" (para 19).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"She has now given birth to two children but is unsure which of the brothers is the father" (para 19).
Sept. 5, 2019, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Congo
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Bantu men often impregnated indigenous girls and later denied paternity, offering no child support" (26).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"Bantu men often impregnated indigenous girls and later denied paternity, offering no child support" (26).
July 9, 2019, 10:16 a.m.
Countries: Romania
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The fact that the existing legislative mechanism does not adequately address gender-based violence in the domestic sphere in the determination of child custody" (15).
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1
"The fact that the existing legislative mechanism does not adequately address gender-based violence in the domestic sphere in the determination of child custody" (15).