Latest items for CONST-LAW-1
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"According to Article 45 of the Cambodian Constitution, men and women have equal rights in all fields, especially in marriage and family" (8). "Article 46 of the Cambodian Constitution guarantees women have the right to take maternity leave with full pay without loss of seniority or social benefits. However, there is a dissonance between the constitutional principle and the labor legislation, which entitles workers to 90 days leave with 50% of their wages. There are also several Arbitration Council awards that have interpreted 90 days to mean 90 calendar days, and not 90 working days. In terms of the Law on Social Security, a female worker is entitled to 70%...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"According to Article 45 of the Cambodian Constitution, men and women have equal rights in all fields, especially in marriage and family" (8). "Article 46 of the Cambodian Constitution guarantees women have the right to take maternity leave with full pay without loss of seniority or social benefits. However, there is a dissonance between the constitutional principle and the labor legislation, which entitles workers to 90 days leave with 50% of their wages. There are also several Arbitration Council awards that have interpreted 90 days to mean 90 calendar days, and not 90 working days. In terms of the Law on Social Security, a female worker is entitled to 70%...more
Jan. 16, 2025, 10:50 a.m.
Countries: Honduras
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"In relation to the recommendation contained in paragraph 11, regarding the adoption of a comprehensive definition of discrimination against women in legislation, in line with the Convention, the year 2020 saw the entry into force of the new Criminal Code, criminalizing discrimination on grounds of ideology; religion; beliefs; language; ethnicity or race; national, indigenous or African descent; sex; sexual orientation or gender identity; gender; marital status; family or economic situation; age; and illness or disability, and establishing penalties and fines for public officials and individuals or legal persons who commit this offence in the course of their business activities. It also imposes prison terms of from 1 to 2 years...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"In relation to the recommendation contained in paragraph 11, regarding the adoption of a comprehensive definition of discrimination against women in legislation, in line with the Convention, the year 2020 saw the entry into force of the new Criminal Code, criminalizing discrimination on grounds of ideology; religion; beliefs; language; ethnicity or race; national, indigenous or African descent; sex; sexual orientation or gender identity; gender; marital status; family or economic situation; age; and illness or disability, and establishing penalties and fines for public officials and individuals or legal persons who commit this offence in the course of their business activities. It also imposes prison terms of from 1 to 2 years...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 2:45 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"When the organizing strength of home-based workers was built through these cooperatives, they reached out and consulted with allies to decide the next steps to strengthen their legal position. It was at this point, in discussions with the National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), that the idea of forming a trade union took root. Relying on the constitutional right guaranteed under Article 17 that allows anyone to form an association or union, they applied to become a union. Three different unions were formed in 2009, two in Quetta and one in Hyderabad" (par. 9).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"When the organizing strength of home-based workers was built through these cooperatives, they reached out and consulted with allies to decide the next steps to strengthen their legal position. It was at this point, in discussions with the National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), that the idea of forming a trade union took root. Relying on the constitutional right guaranteed under Article 17 that allows anyone to form an association or union, they applied to become a union. Three different unions were formed in 2009, two in Quetta and one in Hyderabad" (par. 9).
Jan. 9, 2025, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Constitution stipulates that no one may be subjected to discrimination on the basis of sex, race, language, disability, ethnicity, religion, age, political or other beliefs, education, origin, wealth or other status, or other circumstances. Special legislative measures to ensure equal opportunities for different social groups in accordance with international obligations do not amount to discrimination" (2). "Under the Constitution, all citizens in Kyrgyzstan are equal before the law and the courts. Civil legal capacity commences for a citizen at birth and ceases upon death. Women enjoy all civil rights and duties on an equal basis with men. According to the Constitution and legislation governing the judicial system, there is...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Constitution stipulates that no one may be subjected to discrimination on the basis of sex, race, language, disability, ethnicity, religion, age, political or other beliefs, education, origin, wealth or other status, or other circumstances. Special legislative measures to ensure equal opportunities for different social groups in accordance with international obligations do not amount to discrimination" (2). "Under the Constitution, all citizens in Kyrgyzstan are equal before the law and the courts. Civil legal capacity commences for a citizen at birth and ceases upon death. Women enjoy all civil rights and duties on an equal basis with men. According to the Constitution and legislation governing the judicial system, there is...more
Jan. 9, 2025, 9:53 a.m.
Countries: Chile
Variables: DACH-LAW-1, CONST-LAW-1
"Furthermore, on 4 September, Chileans rejected a draft constitution which would have enshrined gender parity across government institutions, recognised domestic work as economic activity, and paved the way for reproductive rights to be expanded for Chilean women" (para 16).
Variables: DACH-LAW-1, CONST-LAW-1
"Furthermore, on 4 September, Chileans rejected a draft constitution which would have enshrined gender parity across government institutions, recognised domestic work as economic activity, and paved the way for reproductive rights to be expanded for Chilean women" (para 16).
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"In accordance with article 17 of the Constitution of Tajikistan, men and women have equal rights" (p. 3). "The Criminal Code (article 143, part 1) provides for criminal responsibility for violating the equal rights of citizens, including on grounds of gender, which is punishable by a fine of between 200 and 500 units of calculation or by up to two years’ imprisonment" (p. 4). "The legislation of Tajikistan completely prohibits all forms of discrimination, including discrimination against women. Article 17 of the Constitution stipulates that the State guarantees the rights and freedoms of every person, regardless of ethnicity, race, gender, language, faith, political beliefs, education, or social or property status"...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"In accordance with article 17 of the Constitution of Tajikistan, men and women have equal rights" (p. 3). "The Criminal Code (article 143, part 1) provides for criminal responsibility for violating the equal rights of citizens, including on grounds of gender, which is punishable by a fine of between 200 and 500 units of calculation or by up to two years’ imprisonment" (p. 4). "The legislation of Tajikistan completely prohibits all forms of discrimination, including discrimination against women. Article 17 of the Constitution stipulates that the State guarantees the rights and freedoms of every person, regardless of ethnicity, race, gender, language, faith, political beliefs, education, or social or property status"...more
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Committee notes that, as a general rule, Norwegian legislation is gender-neutral. It reiterates its concern that gender-neutral legislation, policies and programmes might result in an inadequate protection of women against direct and indirect discrimination and hinder the achievement of substantive equality between women and men, as explained in paragraph 5 of the Committee’s general recommendation No. 28 (2010) on the core obligations of States parties under article 2 of the Convention" (3-4).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Committee notes that, as a general rule, Norwegian legislation is gender-neutral. It reiterates its concern that gender-neutral legislation, policies and programmes might result in an inadequate protection of women against direct and indirect discrimination and hinder the achievement of substantive equality between women and men, as explained in paragraph 5 of the Committee’s general recommendation No. 28 (2010) on the core obligations of States parties under article 2 of the Convention" (3-4).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Committee recognizes the amendments to the legislative framework in the State party aimed at ensuring the equality of women and men and prohibiting gender-based discrimination, including direct and indirect discrimination on various grounds. However, it notes with concern the absence of a comprehensive stand-alone legal definition of discrimination against women and the principle of equality of women and men in the legislative framework and the absence of a comprehensive gender equality law. Reiterating its previous concluding observations (A/59/38, part two, paras. 46 and 52), the Committee recommends that the State party include a definition of discrimination against women, including intersecting forms of discrimination in both the public and private...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Committee recognizes the amendments to the legislative framework in the State party aimed at ensuring the equality of women and men and prohibiting gender-based discrimination, including direct and indirect discrimination on various grounds. However, it notes with concern the absence of a comprehensive stand-alone legal definition of discrimination against women and the principle of equality of women and men in the legislative framework and the absence of a comprehensive gender equality law. Reiterating its previous concluding observations (A/59/38, part two, paras. 46 and 52), the Committee recommends that the State party include a definition of discrimination against women, including intersecting forms of discrimination in both the public and private...more
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:29 a.m.
Countries: Lebanon
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Although the constitution deems “all Lebanese equal before the law”, gender inequality is woven into the fabric of the nation through a combination of patriarchal values, unequal legislation and a legacy of “militarised masculinity” from past conflict, say activists, lawyers and academics" (para 9).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Although the constitution deems “all Lebanese equal before the law”, gender inequality is woven into the fabric of the nation through a combination of patriarchal values, unequal legislation and a legacy of “militarised masculinity” from past conflict, say activists, lawyers and academics" (para 9).
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[T]he Constitution protect[s] fundamental rights, freedoms, and human dignity such as the prohibition of discrimination based on sex, which the courts interpreted to include sexual orientation. In 2019, the Court of Appeals upheld this ruling" (4).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[T]he Constitution protect[s] fundamental rights, freedoms, and human dignity such as the prohibition of discrimination based on sex, which the courts interpreted to include sexual orientation. In 2019, the Court of Appeals upheld this ruling" (4).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"With regard to incorporating a comprehensive article into the Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala on the right to non-discrimination in line with articles 1 and 2 (b) of the Convention, between 2017 and 2020, the Constitutional Court upheld the exercise of that right by women in the Guatemalan legal system, guaranteeing non-discrimination in the workplace and the family, informed by a perspective of intersectionality and equality" (2).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"With regard to incorporating a comprehensive article into the Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala on the right to non-discrimination in line with articles 1 and 2 (b) of the Convention, between 2017 and 2020, the Constitutional Court upheld the exercise of that right by women in the Guatemalan legal system, guaranteeing non-discrimination in the workplace and the family, informed by a perspective of intersectionality and equality" (2).
April 30, 2024, 8:19 p.m.
Countries: Israel
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Now, the demands of the coalition’s ultra-Orthodox and far-right parties could radically transform the face of a country where equal rights for women are guaranteed in the 1948 declaration of independence and reinforced in several key Supreme Court decisions" (para 15).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Now, the demands of the coalition’s ultra-Orthodox and far-right parties could radically transform the face of a country where equal rights for women are guaranteed in the 1948 declaration of independence and reinforced in several key Supreme Court decisions" (para 15).
April 12, 2024, 5:41 p.m.
Countries: Malaysia
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"'[P]arent' in the present constitution, for decades, has meant father" (para 4).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"'[P]arent' in the present constitution, for decades, has meant father" (para 4).
April 9, 2024, 9:31 p.m.
Countries: Cuba
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Public entities, the media and civil service officials have obligations and a commitment to the Constitution, which dedicated an entire article to gender-based violence. It is not a small matter; it occupies Cuban society in a transversal way; therefore, the issue does not escape the institutions" (para 20).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Public entities, the media and civil service officials have obligations and a commitment to the Constitution, which dedicated an entire article to gender-based violence. It is not a small matter; it occupies Cuban society in a transversal way; therefore, the issue does not escape the institutions" (para 20).
March 30, 2024, 2:46 p.m.
Countries: Lithuania
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[T]here is no legislation specifically prohibiting intersecting forms of discrimination against women and no definition of the legal concepts of gender and sex" (4).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[T]here is no legislation specifically prohibiting intersecting forms of discrimination against women and no definition of the legal concepts of gender and sex" (4).
Jan. 29, 2024, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The definition of non-discrimination in article 2 of the Constitution fails to encompass all forms of discrimination against women" (3).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The definition of non-discrimination in article 2 of the Constitution fails to encompass all forms of discrimination against women" (3).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"In the Central African Republic, there is no restriction or privilege connected with a person’s place of birth, identity or descent" (27).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"In the Central African Republic, there is no restriction or privilege connected with a person’s place of birth, identity or descent" (27).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Whereas the Botswana Constitution guarantees and promotes protection to every person residing within the Country irrespective of their race, tribe, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, the definition of discrimination in the Constitution does not include discrimination against women" (9). “The Constitution of Botswana recognizes the equality of women and men before the law” (9). Possible contradiction with above statement (BC CODER - COMMENT). "Whereas the Committee has called on the Government of Botswana to amend her Constitution to include discrimination against women as part of the definition of discrimination; and whereas the Government of Botswana is desirous to have an inclusive and public consultation on constitutional...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Whereas the Botswana Constitution guarantees and promotes protection to every person residing within the Country irrespective of their race, tribe, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, the definition of discrimination in the Constitution does not include discrimination against women" (9). “The Constitution of Botswana recognizes the equality of women and men before the law” (9). Possible contradiction with above statement (BC CODER - COMMENT). "Whereas the Committee has called on the Government of Botswana to amend her Constitution to include discrimination against women as part of the definition of discrimination; and whereas the Government of Botswana is desirous to have an inclusive and public consultation on constitutional...more
Jan. 4, 2024, 10:41 a.m.
Countries: Singapore
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[Article 12(1) of the Singapore Constitution] specifically provides that 'All persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law'" (10).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[Article 12(1) of the Singapore Constitution] specifically provides that 'All persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law'" (10).
Nov. 22, 2023, 5:13 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Women are entitled to the same rights as men, including the right to wear what they choose" (14).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Women are entitled to the same rights as men, including the right to wear what they choose" (14).
Nov. 6, 2023, 11:49 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"As stipulated in article 48 of the Constitution, 'women in the People’s Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life'" (4). "Although 'discrimination against women' is not specifically defined in the existing laws, there is separate legislation that strictly prohibits direct and indirect discrimination against women" (6). “Gender equality is a basic State policy of China, according to which women enjoy equality with men when it comes to their rights to conclude contracts and administer property, access to legal procedures, freedom of movement and freedom to choose residence and domicile" (28).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"As stipulated in article 48 of the Constitution, 'women in the People’s Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life'" (4). "Although 'discrimination against women' is not specifically defined in the existing laws, there is separate legislation that strictly prohibits direct and indirect discrimination against women" (6). “Gender equality is a basic State policy of China, according to which women enjoy equality with men when it comes to their rights to conclude contracts and administer property, access to legal procedures, freedom of movement and freedom to choose residence and domicile" (28).
Nov. 2, 2023, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
“In a Facebook post, [former prime minister Giuseppe Conte] promised to lead an ‘uncompromising opposition... We will be the outpost for the progressive agenda against inequalities, to protect families and businesses in difficulty, to defend the rights and values of our Constitution’” (para 12-13). Equality in family and business is a right and value found in the constitution (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
“In a Facebook post, [former prime minister Giuseppe Conte] promised to lead an ‘uncompromising opposition... We will be the outpost for the progressive agenda against inequalities, to protect families and businesses in difficulty, to defend the rights and values of our Constitution’” (para 12-13). Equality in family and business is a right and value found in the constitution (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Oct. 4, 2023, 6:58 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[The constitution does not have] a comprehensive definition of discrimination against women, covering all prohibited grounds of discrimination, including direct and indirect discrimination in the public and private spheres and intersecting forms of discrimination" (3).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[The constitution does not have] a comprehensive definition of discrimination against women, covering all prohibited grounds of discrimination, including direct and indirect discrimination in the public and private spheres and intersecting forms of discrimination" (3).
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Committee notes that gender-based discrimination is prohibited by law in the State party, including through the law on State guarantees of equal rights and equal opportunities for men and women, also known as the law on gender equality. It also notes that a new bill on family and gender policy will encompass direct and indirect discrimination. However, the Committee remains concerned about the following: (a) The current definition of discrimination does not include intersecting forms of discrimination; (b) The legal framework on discrimination is fragmented and does not provide effective protection against discrimination in fields such as employment or in cases of gender-based violence" (p.3).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The Committee notes that gender-based discrimination is prohibited by law in the State party, including through the law on State guarantees of equal rights and equal opportunities for men and women, also known as the law on gender equality. It also notes that a new bill on family and gender policy will encompass direct and indirect discrimination. However, the Committee remains concerned about the following: (a) The current definition of discrimination does not include intersecting forms of discrimination; (b) The legal framework on discrimination is fragmented and does not provide effective protection against discrimination in fields such as employment or in cases of gender-based violence" (p.3).
Sept. 25, 2023, 8:02 a.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"No antidiscrimination legislation exists to protect persons from discrimination based on real or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics" (11).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"No antidiscrimination legislation exists to protect persons from discrimination based on real or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics" (11).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Under the constitution and law, women enjoy the same rights and legal status as men" (19).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Under the constitution and law, women enjoy the same rights and legal status as men" (19).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The law [of Bahamas] does not prohibit discrimination based on gender" (12).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"The law [of Bahamas] does not prohibit discrimination based on gender" (12).
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Law No. 2016-886 of 8 November 2016 establishing the Constitution of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire that promotes and protects women’s rights" (1). "The Committee notes that articles 4, 36 and 37 of the 2016 Constitution of the State party prohibit discrimination and promote equality of women and men in political and public life and in the labour market. It is concerned, however, that the Constitution of the State party does not comprise a comprehensive definition of discrimination in line with article 1 of the Convention" (5). "Recalling its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/CIV/CO/1-3, para. 17) and its general recommendation No. 28 (2010) on the core obligations of States parties under...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"Law No. 2016-886 of 8 November 2016 establishing the Constitution of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire that promotes and protects women’s rights" (1). "The Committee notes that articles 4, 36 and 37 of the 2016 Constitution of the State party prohibit discrimination and promote equality of women and men in political and public life and in the labour market. It is concerned, however, that the Constitution of the State party does not comprise a comprehensive definition of discrimination in line with article 1 of the Convention" (5). "Recalling its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/CIV/CO/1-3, para. 17) and its general recommendation No. 28 (2010) on the core obligations of States parties under...more
Aug. 8, 2023, 8:30 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[T]he principle of direct and indirect discrimination against women is enshrined in the State party’s legislation... [T]his definition does not include gender-based discrimination and intersecting forms of discrimination" (2).
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"[T]he principle of direct and indirect discrimination against women is enshrined in the State party’s legislation... [T]his definition does not include gender-based discrimination and intersecting forms of discrimination" (2).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"There is no definition of discrimination against women in any existing national legislation. However, the committee for the review of laws and regulations that discriminate against women, established by Order No. 00936 of 27 January 2016 of the Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals, has proposed a reform of legislation relating to women’s rights. As part of the proposed reform, the definition of discrimination against women as set out in the Convention will be included in Act No. 81-77 of 10 December 1981 on the punishment of acts of racial, ethnic or religious discrimination." (2). "To guarantee equality between men and women, the Constitution of Senegal reaffirms the...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"There is no definition of discrimination against women in any existing national legislation. However, the committee for the review of laws and regulations that discriminate against women, established by Order No. 00936 of 27 January 2016 of the Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals, has proposed a reform of legislation relating to women’s rights. As part of the proposed reform, the definition of discrimination against women as set out in the Convention will be included in Act No. 81-77 of 10 December 1981 on the punishment of acts of racial, ethnic or religious discrimination." (2). "To guarantee equality between men and women, the Constitution of Senegal reaffirms the...more