Latest items for CLCC-PRACTICE-1
Dec. 9, 2024, 1:35 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Her estranged father had her birth certificate and the prospects of finding him were poor, while her mother’s attempts to get a copy from government offices ran up against bureaucratic obstacles" (par. 5). This suggests that it is difficult for women to request identification papers (IME - CODER COMMENT). "Esther was repeatedly sent home for not producing the document and as she watched her mother’s failed efforts and their financial situation become more precarious, she became dispirited" (par. 7).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Her estranged father had her birth certificate and the prospects of finding him were poor, while her mother’s attempts to get a copy from government offices ran up against bureaucratic obstacles" (par. 5). This suggests that it is difficult for women to request identification papers (IME - CODER COMMENT). "Esther was repeatedly sent home for not producing the document and as she watched her mother’s failed efforts and their financial situation become more precarious, she became dispirited" (par. 7).
April 19, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Serbia
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"There is a lack of access to birth registration for children whose parents, or at least whose mothers, lack birth registration or identity documents, mainly among Roma" (11). Roma girls are not likely to have their birth registered (MV-coder comment).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"There is a lack of access to birth registration for children whose parents, or at least whose mothers, lack birth registration or identity documents, mainly among Roma" (11). Roma girls are not likely to have their birth registered (MV-coder comment).
April 12, 2024, 5:41 p.m.
Countries: Malaysia
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he lack of citizenship sets up hurdles in [the] daily lives [of women and their children], including hospital visits and schooling, with the latter costing exorbitant sum for non-citizens compared to the token 1ringgit ( US cents) for citizens" (para 17).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he lack of citizenship sets up hurdles in [the] daily lives [of women and their children], including hospital visits and schooling, with the latter costing exorbitant sum for non-citizens compared to the token 1ringgit ( US cents) for citizens" (para 17).
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Children born during the conflicts, without distinction as to gender, have been given their birth certificates… Subsequently, an awareness-raising campaign on birth registration conducted at health facilities in the same areas in August 2016 resulted in the registration of 8,199 children, comprising 4,212 girls and 3,987 boys" (34).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Children born during the conflicts, without distinction as to gender, have been given their birth certificates… Subsequently, an awareness-raising campaign on birth registration conducted at health facilities in the same areas in August 2016 resulted in the registration of 8,199 children, comprising 4,212 girls and 3,987 boys" (34).
Jan. 4, 2024, 10:41 a.m.
Countries: Singapore
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Singaporean men and women also have equal rights with respect to the nationality of their children who are born in the context of a legal marriage… Children whose parents are foreigners and are born in Singapore will not automatically acquire Singapore citizenship, as it is not an entitlement. The laws are in place to encourage foreign parents to apply for citizenship for their child from their home country in a timely manner. This would apply to all regardless of gender of the parent and/or children" (21).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Singaporean men and women also have equal rights with respect to the nationality of their children who are born in the context of a legal marriage… Children whose parents are foreigners and are born in Singapore will not automatically acquire Singapore citizenship, as it is not an entitlement. The laws are in place to encourage foreign parents to apply for citizenship for their child from their home country in a timely manner. This would apply to all regardless of gender of the parent and/or children" (21).
Nov. 6, 2023, 11:49 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1, CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"No discriminatory or restrictive provisions are in place against women and their children with respect to their rights to acquiring, renouncing and restoring Chinese nationality" (18).
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1, CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"No discriminatory or restrictive provisions are in place against women and their children with respect to their rights to acquiring, renouncing and restoring Chinese nationality" (18).
July 21, 2023, 11:58 a.m.
Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Children (girls) that do not possess identity documents are issued relevant papers. The Social Institute is established to work with children. The cooperation is fostered with relevant NGOs and international organizations to fight the cases when minors are deprived of parental care and ensure their social rehabilitation" (17).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Children (girls) that do not possess identity documents are issued relevant papers. The Social Institute is established to work with children. The cooperation is fostered with relevant NGOs and international organizations to fight the cases when minors are deprived of parental care and ensure their social rehabilitation" (17).
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth" (30).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth" (30).
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"An important role in the protection of the institution of the family and women ’s rights was played by the presidential decree of 2 February 2018 on measures to radically improve support for women and strengthen the institution of the family, which defines...the responsibility for civil registry offices [to be] transferred from the justice authorities to the district (municipal) hokims under the jurisdiction the chairpersons of the women’s district (municipal) committees..."(35)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The Civil registry deals with the registrartion of births, divorces, and marriages. This transfer will ensure that all babies born, regardless of gender, to be registered with the government of Uzbekistan). "By a presidential decision...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"An important role in the protection of the institution of the family and women ’s rights was played by the presidential decree of 2 February 2018 on measures to radically improve support for women and strengthen the institution of the family, which defines...the responsibility for civil registry offices [to be] transferred from the justice authorities to the district (municipal) hokims under the jurisdiction the chairpersons of the women’s district (municipal) committees..."(35)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The Civil registry deals with the registrartion of births, divorces, and marriages. This transfer will ensure that all babies born, regardless of gender, to be registered with the government of Uzbekistan). "By a presidential decision...more
June 28, 2022, 2:56 p.m.
Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"25% of children under age 5 have had their birth registered, and 20% have a birth certificate. The percentage of children whose births were registered declined from 31% in 2011 to 20% in 2014 before increasing to 25% in 2017-18" (9). "Twenty-five percent of children under age 5 have had their birth registered, and 20% have a birth certificate...The percentage of children whose births were registered declined from 31% in 2011 to 20% in 2014 before increasing to 25% in 2017-18...The percentage of de jure children whose births are registered with the civil authorities ranges from a low of 17% in Rajshahi to a high of 34% in Sylhet...Children in...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"25% of children under age 5 have had their birth registered, and 20% have a birth certificate. The percentage of children whose births were registered declined from 31% in 2011 to 20% in 2014 before increasing to 25% in 2017-18" (9). "Twenty-five percent of children under age 5 have had their birth registered, and 20% have a birth certificate...The percentage of children whose births were registered declined from 31% in 2011 to 20% in 2014 before increasing to 25% in 2017-18...The percentage of de jure children whose births are registered with the civil authorities ranges from a low of 17% in Rajshahi to a high of 34% in Sylhet...Children in...more
March 15, 2022, 12:33 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Last year, a government report found that 63 million women were "missing" from India's population because the preference for sons led to sex-selective abortions and more care was given to boys. Separately, economists Shamika Ravi and Mudit Kapoor estimated that more than 65 million women - some 20% of the female electorate - were missing. This included women who were not registered to vote and women 'who were not in the population because of gross neglect' (worsening sex ratio, which reflected the gross neglect). So elections, they said, were 'revealing the preferences or the will of a population that is artificially skewed against women'" (Para. 14). "'I have heard of...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Last year, a government report found that 63 million women were "missing" from India's population because the preference for sons led to sex-selective abortions and more care was given to boys. Separately, economists Shamika Ravi and Mudit Kapoor estimated that more than 65 million women - some 20% of the female electorate - were missing. This included women who were not registered to vote and women 'who were not in the population because of gross neglect' (worsening sex ratio, which reflected the gross neglect). So elections, they said, were 'revealing the preferences or the will of a population that is artificially skewed against women'" (Para. 14). "'I have heard of...more
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Women have the right to vote and own property in Somalia" (1).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Women have the right to vote and own property in Somalia" (1).
Oct. 18, 2021, 6:06 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
""A person may qualify to acquire citizenship if: ... the person marries a citizen. A person who has reached the legal age of majority (18) may apply for citizenship through naturalization after five years of habitual residence in the country. Applicants for citizenship must have good knowledge of both the French language and civics" (16).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
""A person may qualify to acquire citizenship if: ... the person marries a citizen. A person who has reached the legal age of majority (18) may apply for citizenship through naturalization after five years of habitual residence in the country. Applicants for citizenship must have good knowledge of both the French language and civics" (16).
Sept. 29, 2021, 9:33 a.m.
Countries: Mali
Variables: CLCW-LAW-1, CLCW-LAW-2, CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Citizenship is derived from either parent or by birth within the country, and the law requires registration within 30 days of birth. A fine can be levied for registration occurring after the 30-day period. Girls were less likely to be registered" (24).
Variables: CLCW-LAW-1, CLCW-LAW-2, CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Citizenship is derived from either parent or by birth within the country, and the law requires registration within 30 days of birth. A fine can be levied for registration occurring after the 30-day period. Girls were less likely to be registered" (24).
Sept. 25, 2021, 9:48 p.m.
Countries: Czech Republic
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1, CLCC-LAW-1
"Children derive their citizenship from their parents. Any child with at least one citizen parent is automatically a citizen. Children born to noncitizens, such as asylum seekers or migrants, retain their parents’ citizenship. Authorities registered births immediately" (17).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1, CLCC-LAW-1
"Children derive their citizenship from their parents. Any child with at least one citizen parent is automatically a citizen. Children born to noncitizens, such as asylum seekers or migrants, retain their parents’ citizenship. Authorities registered births immediately" (17).
Sept. 10, 2021, 9:23 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The problem starts early, when a girl is born. It takes a long time for her to be given a name. Then when a woman is married her name does not appear on her wedding invitations. When she is ill her name does not appear on her prescription, and when she dies her name does not appear on her death certificate or even her headstone" (para 5).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The problem starts early, when a girl is born. It takes a long time for her to be given a name. Then when a woman is married her name does not appear on her wedding invitations. When she is ill her name does not appear on her prescription, and when she dies her name does not appear on her death certificate or even her headstone" (para 5).
April 30, 2021, 8:17 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"A recent court case highlights one of the problems inherent in the proposed law. A woman named Amal Abdel Hameed, who says she was raped, is currently in the final stage of appeal to have the name of her two-year-old daughter's father—her alleged rapist— listed on the girl's birth certificate. The father's identity has been confirmed by a DNA test. Current law does not mandate paternity registration for children conceived out of wedlock, so under the vagaries of Egyptian law, obtaining a rape conviction is essential in order to have the father's name listed in the registry. Without a male guardian to register the child, she will not be able...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"A recent court case highlights one of the problems inherent in the proposed law. A woman named Amal Abdel Hameed, who says she was raped, is currently in the final stage of appeal to have the name of her two-year-old daughter's father—her alleged rapist— listed on the girl's birth certificate. The father's identity has been confirmed by a DNA test. Current law does not mandate paternity registration for children conceived out of wedlock, so under the vagaries of Egyptian law, obtaining a rape conviction is essential in order to have the father's name listed in the registry. Without a male guardian to register the child, she will not be able...more
Feb. 10, 2021, 10:42 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Moussinatou Dramé, 29, a primary school teacher, works as a legal lay person in Pikine suburb near Dakar. 'I often find myself mediating, between a husband and wife or between two sides of a family. I also try to explain to women the importance of registering their children's births and, if possible, of having a civil wedding, as well as a religious one, to increase their legal rights'" (para 15).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Moussinatou Dramé, 29, a primary school teacher, works as a legal lay person in Pikine suburb near Dakar. 'I often find myself mediating, between a husband and wife or between two sides of a family. I also try to explain to women the importance of registering their children's births and, if possible, of having a civil wedding, as well as a religious one, to increase their legal rights'" (para 15).
Feb. 4, 2021, 2:06 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"It notes with concern the financial, cultural and physical barriers faced by Dalit women and women from scheduled tribes in gaining access to gynaecological and maternal health services, their limited knowledge of birth registration procedures and the existence of bureaucratic obstacles and financial barriers that prevent them from registering births and obtaining birth certificates for their children" (12). "The Committee recommends that the State party...Strengthen public awareness-raising campaigns and take specific measures to ensure that Dalit women and women from scheduled tribes are aware of the procedures for registering births and obtaining birth certificates and ensure their access to those facilities" (12).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"It notes with concern the financial, cultural and physical barriers faced by Dalit women and women from scheduled tribes in gaining access to gynaecological and maternal health services, their limited knowledge of birth registration procedures and the existence of bureaucratic obstacles and financial barriers that prevent them from registering births and obtaining birth certificates for their children" (12). "The Committee recommends that the State party...Strengthen public awareness-raising campaigns and take specific measures to ensure that Dalit women and women from scheduled tribes are aware of the procedures for registering births and obtaining birth certificates and ensure their access to those facilities" (12).
Oct. 22, 2020, 2:22 p.m.
Countries: Armenia
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"It turns into a situation that because of the argument upon deciding the child’s place of residence, s/he stays with the parent from 1-3 years who has more resources and can take care of the child. But in Armenia, as a rule of thumb, custody goes to parents are fathers in these cases. Neither guardianship nor trusteeship body and the police legally can intervene in this procedure. Especially, in case of domestic violence when a woman has to leave the house quickly to save her life and because of it she leaves her child, this gap in the law is often used against the woman. Judges often impose less severe...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"It turns into a situation that because of the argument upon deciding the child’s place of residence, s/he stays with the parent from 1-3 years who has more resources and can take care of the child. But in Armenia, as a rule of thumb, custody goes to parents are fathers in these cases. Neither guardianship nor trusteeship body and the police legally can intervene in this procedure. Especially, in case of domestic violence when a woman has to leave the house quickly to save her life and because of it she leaves her child, this gap in the law is often used against the woman. Judges often impose less severe...more
Aug. 2, 2020, 5:17 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: CLCW-LAW-2, CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Amid the criticism, Saudi authorities announced landmark reforms for Saudi women that, if fully implemented, represent a significant step forward including allowing Saudi women to obtain passports and travel abroad without the approval of a male relative for the first time" (para 2). "The changes to the Travel Documents Law permit 'anyone holding Saudi nationality' to obtain a Saudi passport, allowing women over 21 to obtain their own passports without their male guardian's permission for the first time. In mid-August, Saudi authorities announced further changes to regulations allowing women over 21 to travel abroad freely without permission from their male guardian" (para 20).
Variables: CLCW-LAW-2, CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Amid the criticism, Saudi authorities announced landmark reforms for Saudi women that, if fully implemented, represent a significant step forward including allowing Saudi women to obtain passports and travel abroad without the approval of a male relative for the first time" (para 2). "The changes to the Travel Documents Law permit 'anyone holding Saudi nationality' to obtain a Saudi passport, allowing women over 21 to obtain their own passports without their male guardian's permission for the first time. In mid-August, Saudi authorities announced further changes to regulations allowing women over 21 to travel abroad freely without permission from their male guardian" (para 20).
July 19, 2020, 1:45 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
According to Table 2.13, 52.6% of boys and 51.7% of girls had a birth certificate (33).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
According to Table 2.13, 52.6% of boys and 51.7% of girls had a birth certificate (33).
July 3, 2020, 4:25 p.m.
Countries: Zambia
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Fourteen percent of children’s births are registered with the civil authorities. There is no variation by age or sex in the percentage of births registered. However, 25% of urban children are registered, as compared with only 8% of rural children. Furthermore, the percentage of registered births rises with increasing wealth, from 4% in the lowest quintile to 32% in the highest quintile" (15).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Fourteen percent of children’s births are registered with the civil authorities. There is no variation by age or sex in the percentage of births registered. However, 25% of urban children are registered, as compared with only 8% of rural children. Furthermore, the percentage of registered births rises with increasing wealth, from 4% in the lowest quintile to 32% in the highest quintile" (15).
June 23, 2020, 5:54 p.m.
Countries: Estonia
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the 2015 amendments to the Citizenship Act granting Estonian citizenship to children with undetermined citizenship born in the State party, which benefit girls. However, the Committee notes with concern that: (a) These amendments do not apply to children with undetermined citizenship in the 15-18 age category, which may disproportionally affect adolescent girls; (b) The number of women and girls with undetermined citizenship remains high and the number of naturalizations of women and girls has decreased in recent years" (8).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee welcomes the 2015 amendments to the Citizenship Act granting Estonian citizenship to children with undetermined citizenship born in the State party, which benefit girls. However, the Committee notes with concern that: (a) These amendments do not apply to children with undetermined citizenship in the 15-18 age category, which may disproportionally affect adolescent girls; (b) The number of women and girls with undetermined citizenship remains high and the number of naturalizations of women and girls has decreased in recent years" (8).
June 5, 2020, 1:19 p.m.
Countries: Papua New Guinea
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"At the time of the survey, 13% of children under age 5 were registered with the civil authorities. About half of these children have birth certificates (7%) and half do not (6%). The proportion of children who were registered is much higher in urban than rural areas (25% and 12%, respectively). It also ranges from only 3% of children in Madang to 41% of those in National Capital District. Birth registration increases substantially with wealth quintile" (13). Figure 2.5, titled 'Birth registration by household wealth', shows the percentage of children whose births are registered with civil authorities by wealth quintile. 9% of children born in the lowest wealth quintiles have...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"At the time of the survey, 13% of children under age 5 were registered with the civil authorities. About half of these children have birth certificates (7%) and half do not (6%). The proportion of children who were registered is much higher in urban than rural areas (25% and 12%, respectively). It also ranges from only 3% of children in Madang to 41% of those in National Capital District. Birth registration increases substantially with wealth quintile" (13). Figure 2.5, titled 'Birth registration by household wealth', shows the percentage of children whose births are registered with civil authorities by wealth quintile. 9% of children born in the lowest wealth quintiles have...more
May 31, 2020, 6:36 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"At the time of the survey, 80 percent of children under age five years had births registered with the civil authority; this includes 62 percent of children with birth certificates. Female and male children are equally likely to have their birth registered. Children in urban areas (89%) are more likely than children in rural areas (76%) to have their birth registered" (18). "Eighty-five percent of women age 15-49 who had a live birth in the five years before the survey registered the pregnancy for their most recent birth. Birth registration exceeds 80 percent for all groups except women age 35-49, women with no schooling, and births of order four or...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"At the time of the survey, 80 percent of children under age five years had births registered with the civil authority; this includes 62 percent of children with birth certificates. Female and male children are equally likely to have their birth registered. Children in urban areas (89%) are more likely than children in rural areas (76%) to have their birth registered" (18). "Eighty-five percent of women age 15-49 who had a live birth in the five years before the survey registered the pregnancy for their most recent birth. Birth registration exceeds 80 percent for all groups except women age 35-49, women with no schooling, and births of order four or...more
April 19, 2020, 11:08 a.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The results show that more than 4 in 10 children (42%) under age 5 have been registered, and 36% have a birth certificate ... There is no difference in the extent of birth registration between male and female children" (14).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"The results show that more than 4 in 10 children (42%) under age 5 have been registered, and 36% have a birth certificate ... There is no difference in the extent of birth registration between male and female children" (14).
April 14, 2020, 5:17 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Overall, 78% of births of children under age 5 are registered with the Department of Population and Civil Registration, but only 67% have a birth certificate. The percentage of children under age 2 whose births were registered (70%) was lower than that for age 2-4 (83%). Births in urban areas are more likely to be registered than births in rural areas (83% compared with 73%). There is no difference in birth registration between boys and girls" (12).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Overall, 78% of births of children under age 5 are registered with the Department of Population and Civil Registration, but only 67% have a birth certificate. The percentage of children under age 2 whose births were registered (70%) was lower than that for age 2-4 (83%). Births in urban areas are more likely to be registered than births in rural areas (83% compared with 73%). There is no difference in birth registration between boys and girls" (12).
April 3, 2020, 5:29 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Because of the cultural preference for boys and because China’s strict one-child policy was relaxed only recently to allow married couples to have two children, females make up the majority of an estimated at least 14 million unregistered people in China. 'These unregistered persons are living under the radar of the authorities and their unregistered status clearly makes them more vulnerable to sexual attacks, as few of these girls would report the crime to authorities,' Bakken said" (para 12).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
"Because of the cultural preference for boys and because China’s strict one-child policy was relaxed only recently to allow married couples to have two children, females make up the majority of an estimated at least 14 million unregistered people in China. 'These unregistered persons are living under the radar of the authorities and their unregistered status clearly makes them more vulnerable to sexual attacks, as few of these girls would report the crime to authorities,' Bakken said" (para 12).
March 29, 2020, 6:41 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
The table titled "Sustainable Development Goals Indicators" shows that the proportion of children under 5 whose births have been registered with a civil authority is 98.5 for males and 99.1 for females (xxix). "Table 2.12 presents information on birth registration of children under age 5. At the time of the survey, the births of 99% of children under age 5 had been registered with the civil authorities. Almost all of these children have birth certificates. There are almost no differences in these proportions by background characteristics...Birth registration coverage has increased since 2009, from 93% of births registered in 2009 to 99% in 2016-17" (15). The high level of birth registrations...more
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1
The table titled "Sustainable Development Goals Indicators" shows that the proportion of children under 5 whose births have been registered with a civil authority is 98.5 for males and 99.1 for females (xxix). "Table 2.12 presents information on birth registration of children under age 5. At the time of the survey, the births of 99% of children under age 5 had been registered with the civil authorities. Almost all of these children have birth certificates. There are almost no differences in these proportions by background characteristics...Birth registration coverage has increased since 2009, from 93% of births registered in 2009 to 99% in 2016-17" (15). The high level of birth registrations...more