Latest items for CLCC-LAW-2
Nov. 5, 2024, 1:02 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2, CUST-LAW-2
"Childbirth out of wedlock is relatively rare in China, partly due to pervasive social stigma and cases of local authorities punishing women through fines or denying the child legal registration to access social benefits such as schooling and healthcare" (para 13).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2, CUST-LAW-2
"Childbirth out of wedlock is relatively rare in China, partly due to pervasive social stigma and cases of local authorities punishing women through fines or denying the child legal registration to access social benefits such as schooling and healthcare" (para 13).
April 12, 2024, 5:41 p.m.
Countries: Malaysia
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Article 14 of the constitution, made no mention of mothers when it comes to conferring citizenship to a person born outside of Malaysia" (para 5).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Article 14 of the constitution, made no mention of mothers when it comes to conferring citizenship to a person born outside of Malaysia" (para 5).
March 15, 2024, 2:30 p.m.
Countries: Gabon
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The issuance of a delivery certificate,[] is a prerequisite for the generation of a birth certificate" (14).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The issuance of a delivery certificate,[] is a prerequisite for the generation of a birth certificate" (14).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"The Children’s Act, 2009 has somewhat neutralized tribal affiliation in that it is no longer given that a child born out of wedlock is born into the mother’s tribe. The determining factor for guardianship when a child is born out of wedlock is the best interest of the child, which is always of paramount consideration" (28).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"The Children’s Act, 2009 has somewhat neutralized tribal affiliation in that it is no longer given that a child born out of wedlock is born into the mother’s tribe. The determining factor for guardianship when a child is born out of wedlock is the best interest of the child, which is always of paramount consideration" (28).
Nov. 21, 2023, 5:30 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"But with little English, they are at the mercy of the gangsters who confiscate their passport on arrival and demand they repay the money spent to buy them their airfares and visas" (para. 4). "Her passport as taken by her pimp and told it would only be returned once her 'debt' was paid" (para. 14).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"But with little English, they are at the mercy of the gangsters who confiscate their passport on arrival and demand they repay the money spent to buy them their airfares and visas" (para. 4). "Her passport as taken by her pimp and told it would only be returned once her 'debt' was paid" (para. 14).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Children born in the country to married parents, one of whom is Bahamian, acquire citizenship at birth. In the case of unwed parents, the child takes the citizenship of the mother. All children born in the country who are noncitizens may apply for citizenship upon reaching their 18th birthday. All births must be registered within 21 days of delivery" (13).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Children born in the country to married parents, one of whom is Bahamian, acquire citizenship at birth. In the case of unwed parents, the child takes the citizenship of the mother. All children born in the country who are noncitizens may apply for citizenship upon reaching their 18th birthday. All births must be registered within 21 days of delivery" (13).
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Regarding the Committee’s CO around the nationality laws in order to remove discrimination against foreign women who have children with Maldivian men out of wedlock with regard to the transmission of nationality, the Government wishes to correct this CO. Maldivian women and men have full and equal rights to pass along their nationality to their children, regardless of the nationality of the other parent." (18). "MOGFSS is now internally discussing how to strengthen the monitoring of unregistered marriages, as there is a risk that with the strict enforcement of the law in a context where conservative believes prevail, early marriage will continue undocumented, to the great risk of the girl-bride...more
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Regarding the Committee’s CO around the nationality laws in order to remove discrimination against foreign women who have children with Maldivian men out of wedlock with regard to the transmission of nationality, the Government wishes to correct this CO. Maldivian women and men have full and equal rights to pass along their nationality to their children, regardless of the nationality of the other parent." (18). "MOGFSS is now internally discussing how to strengthen the monitoring of unregistered marriages, as there is a risk that with the strict enforcement of the law in a context where conservative believes prevail, early marriage will continue undocumented, to the great risk of the girl-bride...more
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Nicaraguan legislation provides for maternity protection through the Responsible Parenthood Act of 2007 (No. 623), which regulates a child’s right to have first and last names and to their prompt registration; a child’s right to the establishment of paternal or maternal filiation, or both; and the right to request the settlement of disputes over child maintenance and visits through administrative and judicial mechanisms that are efficient and free of charge." (11). "Article 16 of the Constitution provides that that any son or daughter of a Nicaraguan father or mother, whether or not they were born on national soil, is a national of Nicaragua. It also sets forth the right to...more
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Nicaraguan legislation provides for maternity protection through the Responsible Parenthood Act of 2007 (No. 623), which regulates a child’s right to have first and last names and to their prompt registration; a child’s right to the establishment of paternal or maternal filiation, or both; and the right to request the settlement of disputes over child maintenance and visits through administrative and judicial mechanisms that are efficient and free of charge." (11). "Article 16 of the Constitution provides that that any son or daughter of a Nicaraguan father or mother, whether or not they were born on national soil, is a national of Nicaragua. It also sets forth the right to...more
May 23, 2023, 11:57 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"[C]hengdu, capital of the southwestern Sichuan province, which legalised registration of children by unmarried women in February, something China is considering implementing nationwide to address record low birth rates. The changes mean unmarried women can take paid maternity leave and receive child subsidies previously only available to married couples. Crucially, Chen could access in-vitro fertility (IVF) treatment legally in a private clinic" (Para.2-3). "Shanghai and the southern Guangdong province have also permitted unmarried women to register their children but IVF services for single women remain banned" (Para.12).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"[C]hengdu, capital of the southwestern Sichuan province, which legalised registration of children by unmarried women in February, something China is considering implementing nationwide to address record low birth rates. The changes mean unmarried women can take paid maternity leave and receive child subsidies previously only available to married couples. Crucially, Chen could access in-vitro fertility (IVF) treatment legally in a private clinic" (Para.2-3). "Shanghai and the southern Guangdong province have also permitted unmarried women to register their children but IVF services for single women remain banned" (Para.12).
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The acquisition of citizenship is conditional upon: (a) the renunciation of foreign citizenship; (b) continuous residence in the Republic of Uzbekistan over the previous five years (this rule does not apply to persons wishing to become citizens if they were born in Uzbekistan and can prove that at least one parent or grandparent was born there, and if they are not citizens of other States); (c) lawful means of subsistence; and (d) recognition of and compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In exceptional circumstances, these requirements may be waived by the President for individuals who have rendered outstanding service to the country or achieved high distinction in...more
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The acquisition of citizenship is conditional upon: (a) the renunciation of foreign citizenship; (b) continuous residence in the Republic of Uzbekistan over the previous five years (this rule does not apply to persons wishing to become citizens if they were born in Uzbekistan and can prove that at least one parent or grandparent was born there, and if they are not citizens of other States); (c) lawful means of subsistence; and (d) recognition of and compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In exceptional circumstances, these requirements may be waived by the President for individuals who have rendered outstanding service to the country or achieved high distinction in...more
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"National Identity Card Proclamation No. 760/2012 provides for compulsory, permanent, and universal registration and certification of vital events that include birth, death, marriage and divorce. The vital registration system became operational in August 2016 pursuant to the Proclamation" (23).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"National Identity Card Proclamation No. 760/2012 provides for compulsory, permanent, and universal registration and certification of vital events that include birth, death, marriage and divorce. The vital registration system became operational in August 2016 pursuant to the Proclamation" (23).
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"As a noteworthy move towards ensuring women’s right to transfer citizenship to children, the GoN has been following the SC’s mandamus order to provide citizenship certificate to children whose father are not traced. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) has been ensuring the easy access of single women to obtain citizenship certificates and voter registration." (12). "In order to execute the judicial orders of the SC, the MoHA issued a sevenpoint directive circular to all District Administration Offices (DAOs) on January 30, 2013 to provide citizenship certificates to children based on the Nepali citizenship of their mother. The directive has expedited and simplified the citizenship certificate issuance procedures with efficient...more
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"As a noteworthy move towards ensuring women’s right to transfer citizenship to children, the GoN has been following the SC’s mandamus order to provide citizenship certificate to children whose father are not traced. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) has been ensuring the easy access of single women to obtain citizenship certificates and voter registration." (12). "In order to execute the judicial orders of the SC, the MoHA issued a sevenpoint directive circular to all District Administration Offices (DAOs) on January 30, 2013 to provide citizenship certificates to children based on the Nepali citizenship of their mother. The directive has expedited and simplified the citizenship certificate issuance procedures with efficient...more
Feb. 6, 2023, 12:07 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women] recommends that the State party...[e]nsure that girls and boys born on the territory of the State party are registered at birth and have access to Kyrgyz nationality and identity documents, regardless of their parents' consent or nationality, residence or marital status, and that loss or renunciation of nationality is contingent on the possession or acquistion of another nationality" (9).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women] recommends that the State party...[e]nsure that girls and boys born on the territory of the State party are registered at birth and have access to Kyrgyz nationality and identity documents, regardless of their parents' consent or nationality, residence or marital status, and that loss or renunciation of nationality is contingent on the possession or acquistion of another nationality" (9).
Feb. 4, 2023, 6:14 p.m.
Countries: Namibia
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"As mentioned in the last report, the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia under article 10 proscribes all forms of discrimination. Therefore, discrimination against any person on grounds of marital and HIV status is also covered under the said article." (10).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"As mentioned in the last report, the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia under article 10 proscribes all forms of discrimination. Therefore, discrimination against any person on grounds of marital and HIV status is also covered under the said article." (10).
Feb. 4, 2023, 8:40 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"[A]rticle 4 establishes that Iraqi women may transmit their nationality to their children born outside the State party only if the father is unknown or stateless" (9). "[T]he transfer of nationality by the mother is possible only if the marriage has been duly registered" (9).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"[A]rticle 4 establishes that Iraqi women may transmit their nationality to their children born outside the State party only if the father is unknown or stateless" (9). "[T]he transfer of nationality by the mother is possible only if the marriage has been duly registered" (9).
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"Furthermore, the Committee is concerned that, under the special provision for bestowal of nationality to children born stateless in Austria (article 14 of the Austrian Nationality Law), stateless children can apply for citizenship only after reaching 18 years of age and not later than two years after having reached the age of majority. The Committee recommends that the State party:... (b) Remove barriers to the acquisition of Austrian nationality by children born out of wedlock, including the restrictive age requirement, and accord Austrian citizenship to otherwise stateless children born in the State party, unless a child can acquire citizenship of one of his or her parents immediately after birth through...more
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"Furthermore, the Committee is concerned that, under the special provision for bestowal of nationality to children born stateless in Austria (article 14 of the Austrian Nationality Law), stateless children can apply for citizenship only after reaching 18 years of age and not later than two years after having reached the age of majority. The Committee recommends that the State party:... (b) Remove barriers to the acquisition of Austrian nationality by children born out of wedlock, including the restrictive age requirement, and accord Austrian citizenship to otherwise stateless children born in the State party, unless a child can acquire citizenship of one of his or her parents immediately after birth through...more
Oct. 7, 2022, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: Portugal
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Birth registration is free and mandatory and was not denied or provided on a discriminatory basis" (16).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Birth registration is free and mandatory and was not denied or provided on a discriminatory basis" (16).
July 1, 2022, 11:06 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Children born out of wedlock will be acknowledged as legitimate and have the right of civil relation with the biological parents, which include issuance of birth certificate. Supreme Court further issued circular letter No. 7/2012 instructing courts at all level to implement this judicial decision" (26).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Children born out of wedlock will be acknowledged as legitimate and have the right of civil relation with the biological parents, which include issuance of birth certificate. Supreme Court further issued circular letter No. 7/2012 instructing courts at all level to implement this judicial decision" (26).
Feb. 5, 2022, 9:24 a.m.
Countries: Mozambique
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Citizenship is obtained by birth within the country or birth to at least one Mozambican citizen parent outside the country. Failure to register a child’s birth may result in the child’s inability to attend school and may prevent a person from obtaining public documents, such as identity cards, passports, or 'poverty certificates' that enable access to free health care and free secondary education. Birth registration was often delayed in rural areas. Cultural practice prevented a woman, especially in rural areas, from exercising her legal right to register her child without the presence of the child’s father" (16).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Citizenship is obtained by birth within the country or birth to at least one Mozambican citizen parent outside the country. Failure to register a child’s birth may result in the child’s inability to attend school and may prevent a person from obtaining public documents, such as identity cards, passports, or 'poverty certificates' that enable access to free health care and free secondary education. Birth registration was often delayed in rural areas. Cultural practice prevented a woman, especially in rural areas, from exercising her legal right to register her child without the presence of the child’s father" (16).
Feb. 2, 2022, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Madagascar
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2, RISW-PRACTICE-1
"The nationality code promulgated by the president in 2017 gives men and women equal rights to pass their nationality to their children and more protection to women and children against the loss of their nationality. The code’s main reform grants women the right to transmit nationality to their children regardless of a woman’s marital status. The loss of citizenship for any reason mentioned in the law does not affect the spouse and the children of the deprived person" (14-15).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2, RISW-PRACTICE-1
"The nationality code promulgated by the president in 2017 gives men and women equal rights to pass their nationality to their children and more protection to women and children against the loss of their nationality. The code’s main reform grants women the right to transmit nationality to their children regardless of a woman’s marital status. The loss of citizenship for any reason mentioned in the law does not affect the spouse and the children of the deprived person" (14-15).
Jan. 11, 2022, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The law requires birth entries in the family registry to specify whether a child was born in or out of wedlock. The law presumes that a child born within 300 days of a divorce is the divorced man’s child, resulting in the nonregistration of an unknown number of children" (19).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The law requires birth entries in the family registry to specify whether a child was born in or out of wedlock. The law presumes that a child born within 300 days of a divorce is the divorced man’s child, resulting in the nonregistration of an unknown number of children" (19).
Jan. 8, 2022, 9:32 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The law establishes that all children have civil status regardless of their family status. There were, nonetheless, cases in which authorities denied identification papers to children because they were born to unmarried parents, particularly in rural areas or in the cases of poorly educated mothers unaware of their legal rights" (32).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"The law establishes that all children have civil status regardless of their family status. There were, nonetheless, cases in which authorities denied identification papers to children because they were born to unmarried parents, particularly in rural areas or in the cases of poorly educated mothers unaware of their legal rights" (32).
Jan. 6, 2022, 2:06 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Article 7 specifically protects the rights of children, including children who have been found abandoned, adopted children and children of people who have acquired citizenship by grant, each of whom will have a right to Somali citizenship in certain circumstances" (1).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Article 7 specifically protects the rights of children, including children who have been found abandoned, adopted children and children of people who have acquired citizenship by grant, each of whom will have a right to Somali citizenship in certain circumstances" (1).
Dec. 20, 2021, 11:19 a.m.
Countries: Belgium
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"The government registered all live births immediately. Citizenship is conferred on a child through a parent’s (or the parents’) citizenship, but, except for a few circumstances, not through birth on the country’s territory" (10).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"The government registered all live births immediately. Citizenship is conferred on a child through a parent’s (or the parents’) citizenship, but, except for a few circumstances, not through birth on the country’s territory" (10).
Nov. 16, 2021, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Poland
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"A child acquires citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a citizen, regardless of where the birth took place. Children born or found in the country whose parents were unknown or stateless are also citizens. The government has a system of universal birth registration immediately after birth" (16).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"A child acquires citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a citizen, regardless of where the birth took place. Children born or found in the country whose parents were unknown or stateless are also citizens. The government has a system of universal birth registration immediately after birth" (16).
Oct. 15, 2021, 9:09 a.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"In a written response to HRW, the government disputed the claims and said that women could act as guardians to obtain passports or ID cards for their children, that women did not need permission to accept a scholarship or to work at ministries, government institutions or schools and that guardian approval was also not required for educational field trips at Qatar University" (para 24).
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"In a written response to HRW, the government disputed the claims and said that women could act as guardians to obtain passports or ID cards for their children, that women did not need permission to accept a scholarship or to work at ministries, government institutions or schools and that guardian approval was also not required for educational field trips at Qatar University" (para 24).
Oct. 12, 2021, 8:55 a.m.
Countries: Germany
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"In most cases individuals derive citizenship from their parents. The law allows individuals to obtain citizenship if they were born in the country and if one parent has been a resident for at least eight years or has had a permanent residence permit for at least three years. Parents or guardians are responsible for registering newborn children. Once government officials receive birth registration applications, they generally process them expeditiously. Parents who fail to register their child’s birth may be subject to a fine" (23). If parents are required by law to register children and are subject to fines if they fail to do so, it is unlikely that a mother...more
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"In most cases individuals derive citizenship from their parents. The law allows individuals to obtain citizenship if they were born in the country and if one parent has been a resident for at least eight years or has had a permanent residence permit for at least three years. Parents or guardians are responsible for registering newborn children. Once government officials receive birth registration applications, they generally process them expeditiously. Parents who fail to register their child’s birth may be subject to a fine" (23). If parents are required by law to register children and are subject to fines if they fail to do so, it is unlikely that a mother...more
Sept. 17, 2021, 10 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"Children born in the country attain citizenship if either parent is a citizen or legal permanent resident of the country. Children born outside the country attain citizenship if either parent is a citizen born in the country. The law requires notification of births by both parents as soon as 'reasonably practicable,' deemed as being within two months of the child’s birth, and most births were registered within this period" (10).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"Children born in the country attain citizenship if either parent is a citizen or legal permanent resident of the country. Children born outside the country attain citizenship if either parent is a citizen born in the country. The law requires notification of births by both parents as soon as 'reasonably practicable,' deemed as being within two months of the child’s birth, and most births were registered within this period" (10).
Sept. 10, 2021, 9:23 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Using a woman's name in public is frowned upon and can be considered an insult. Many Afghan men are reluctant to say the names of their sisters, wives or mothers in public. Women are generally only referred to as the mother, daughter or sister of the eldest male in their family, and Afghan law dictates that only the father's name should be recorded on a birth certificate" (para 4). "The campaign appears to have taken a big step in the past few weeks. A source close to Afghan President Ashraf Ghani said he had instructed the Afghanistan Central Civil Registration Authority (Accra) to look into the possibility of amending the...more
Variables: CLCC-LAW-2
"Using a woman's name in public is frowned upon and can be considered an insult. Many Afghan men are reluctant to say the names of their sisters, wives or mothers in public. Women are generally only referred to as the mother, daughter or sister of the eldest male in their family, and Afghan law dictates that only the father's name should be recorded on a birth certificate" (para 4). "The campaign appears to have taken a big step in the past few weeks. A source close to Afghan President Ashraf Ghani said he had instructed the Afghanistan Central Civil Registration Authority (Accra) to look into the possibility of amending the...more
Aug. 6, 2021, 11:54 a.m.
Countries: Chile
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"Citizenship is derived by birth within the country’s territory and from one’s parents or grandparents. There were no reports that birth registration was denied on a discriminatory basis" (11).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1, CLCC-LAW-2
"Citizenship is derived by birth within the country’s territory and from one’s parents or grandparents. There were no reports that birth registration was denied on a discriminatory basis" (11).