Latest items for CL-PRACTICE-1
Jan. 17, 2025, 5:39 p.m.
Countries: Chile
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Between 1984 and 1985, the Swedish mining company Boliden shipped 19,139 tonnes of toxic waste, containing arsenic, mercury, cadmium and lead, from its smelter in Rönnskärsverken in Skellefteå, Sweden, to Arica, in northern Chile. Boliden exported the sludge for processing and arsenic extraction to a subcontractor, Promel S.A., a Chilean mining company. Promel processed just 120 of the 19,139 tonnes. The remainder of the waste was left outdoors and uncovered, at a site known as Sitio F, 250 metres from Sica Sica, a neighbourhood of low-income family housing. The location of the storage site is indicated on the attached map. It remained there for 14 years. The surrounding community was...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Between 1984 and 1985, the Swedish mining company Boliden shipped 19,139 tonnes of toxic waste, containing arsenic, mercury, cadmium and lead, from its smelter in Rönnskärsverken in Skellefteå, Sweden, to Arica, in northern Chile. Boliden exported the sludge for processing and arsenic extraction to a subcontractor, Promel S.A., a Chilean mining company. Promel processed just 120 of the 19,139 tonnes. The remainder of the waste was left outdoors and uncovered, at a site known as Sitio F, 250 metres from Sica Sica, a neighbourhood of low-income family housing. The location of the storage site is indicated on the attached map. It remained there for 14 years. The surrounding community was...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"TUL [Trade Union Law] provisions requiring that trade union leaders be literate and educated particularly impact women workers who come primarily from rural areas and have low levels of education, and are time poor by virtue of juggling paid work, and unpaid caregiving roles" (5).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"TUL [Trade Union Law] provisions requiring that trade union leaders be literate and educated particularly impact women workers who come primarily from rural areas and have low levels of education, and are time poor by virtue of juggling paid work, and unpaid caregiving roles" (5).
Jan. 10, 2025, 6:10 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Women are also burdened by the expectations of traditional duty imposed on them. Rearing children, cleaning the house and cooking three meals a day are often considered the roles of a woman. Patriarchy demands all these. There are still men who believe that women are unfit for professional jobs and should stay home" (para 4).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Women are also burdened by the expectations of traditional duty imposed on them. Rearing children, cleaning the house and cooking three meals a day are often considered the roles of a woman. Patriarchy demands all these. There are still men who believe that women are unfit for professional jobs and should stay home" (para 4).
Jan. 8, 2025, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, NGOFW-DATA-1
"'While men will work long hours and be exempt from care responsibilities and rights, women will have to do all the care work,' the Korean Women's Associations United said in a recent statement" (par. 6).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, NGOFW-DATA-1
"'While men will work long hours and be exempt from care responsibilities and rights, women will have to do all the care work,' the Korean Women's Associations United said in a recent statement" (par. 6).
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"In order to convey the importance of equal rights and opportunities for men and women, staff of the Committee on Women and the Family, ministries and agencies produced and broadcast programmes and speeches on issues of women’s rights, equitable distribution of domestic work and compulsory education for women on various national and local television channels, totalling 657 in 2019, 613 in 2020, 1,034 in 2021 and 987 in the first nine months of 2022" (p. 22). This suggests that there are differences between how much work is done in the household between men and women (IME - CODER COMMENT). "Currently, a draft of the State employment promotion programme for 2023–2025...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"In order to convey the importance of equal rights and opportunities for men and women, staff of the Committee on Women and the Family, ministries and agencies produced and broadcast programmes and speeches on issues of women’s rights, equitable distribution of domestic work and compulsory education for women on various national and local television channels, totalling 657 in 2019, 613 in 2020, 1,034 in 2021 and 987 in the first nine months of 2022" (p. 22). This suggests that there are differences between how much work is done in the household between men and women (IME - CODER COMMENT). "Currently, a draft of the State employment promotion programme for 2023–2025...more
Jan. 4, 2025, 12:52 p.m.
Countries: Germany
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1, CL-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-2
"In practice, many German communes lack space in women’s shelters or the resources to help women who are financially dependent. The constant rise in rents, the still prevalent gender pay gap, the unequal division of care work – all these factors mean that many women simply can’t afford to leave their abusers. Where are they supposed to go" (par. 5).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1, CL-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-2
"In practice, many German communes lack space in women’s shelters or the resources to help women who are financially dependent. The constant rise in rents, the still prevalent gender pay gap, the unequal division of care work – all these factors mean that many women simply can’t afford to leave their abusers. Where are they supposed to go" (par. 5).
Jan. 4, 2025, 11:59 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“South Korea's fertility rate, the lowest in the developed world, is believed to be due to a potent cocktail of reasons discouraging people from having babies, including a decaying job market, a brutally competitive school environment for children, traditionally weak child care assistance and a male-centered corporate culture where many women find it impossible to combine careers and family” (para 6).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“South Korea's fertility rate, the lowest in the developed world, is believed to be due to a potent cocktail of reasons discouraging people from having babies, including a decaying job market, a brutally competitive school environment for children, traditionally weak child care assistance and a male-centered corporate culture where many women find it impossible to combine careers and family” (para 6).
Jan. 3, 2025, 2:39 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Once they move from college to the workforce, women still overwhelmingly bear family caregiving responsibilities that can interrupt their careers, said Joseph Fuller, professor of management practice at Harvard" (par. 22). "'The career path associated with decision-making jobs and highly paid jobs, their design logic and even their language is still firmly rooted in a 1960s paradigm,' said Fuller. 'If you go to a big global company, the path to the C-suite anticipates one or two international assignments, four or five relocations, very demanding work hours. There's nothing that prevents a man or a woman from making those commitments, but if you're the principal caregiver, those burdens still disproportionately fall...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Once they move from college to the workforce, women still overwhelmingly bear family caregiving responsibilities that can interrupt their careers, said Joseph Fuller, professor of management practice at Harvard" (par. 22). "'The career path associated with decision-making jobs and highly paid jobs, their design logic and even their language is still firmly rooted in a 1960s paradigm,' said Fuller. 'If you go to a big global company, the path to the C-suite anticipates one or two international assignments, four or five relocations, very demanding work hours. There's nothing that prevents a man or a woman from making those commitments, but if you're the principal caregiver, those burdens still disproportionately fall...more
Dec. 12, 2024, 9:28 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Official figures show that 72 percent of resignations in 2021 were submitted by women. Most of those who quit cited the difficulties associated with juggling work and childcare duties. 'Care work is still all on women’s shoulders, even for couples where both have jobs,' Chiara Daniela Pronzato, professor of demography at the University of Turin, told Al Jazeera" (para 23-24). "Good quality and affordable childcare is in short supply. There are not enough state-run nursery places and private preschools are very expensive. Plans to use 4.6 billion euros of the EU’s COVID-19 recovery funds to build new nurseries are lagging. 'The most expensive aspect of parenthood is children’s time. Caring...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Official figures show that 72 percent of resignations in 2021 were submitted by women. Most of those who quit cited the difficulties associated with juggling work and childcare duties. 'Care work is still all on women’s shoulders, even for couples where both have jobs,' Chiara Daniela Pronzato, professor of demography at the University of Turin, told Al Jazeera" (para 23-24). "Good quality and affordable childcare is in short supply. There are not enough state-run nursery places and private preschools are very expensive. Plans to use 4.6 billion euros of the EU’s COVID-19 recovery funds to build new nurseries are lagging. 'The most expensive aspect of parenthood is children’s time. Caring...more
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:44 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"She was an executive, living in a typical joint Indian family home with her in-laws and children, when in 2005, her father-in-law died. Then the family's longtime housekeeper got married and left. Suddenly, the role of caregiver fell on Dhulap. So she did what millions of Indian women do each year: She quit her job" (para 6-7). "Despite their country's fast development, lots of Indians still have conservative ideas about a woman's role in the family. 'Family is the first priority for many women across the world, but especially in a country like India that's very traditional. We still live in joint [multi-generational] families with obligations and a glorified image...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"She was an executive, living in a typical joint Indian family home with her in-laws and children, when in 2005, her father-in-law died. Then the family's longtime housekeeper got married and left. Suddenly, the role of caregiver fell on Dhulap. So she did what millions of Indian women do each year: She quit her job" (para 6-7). "Despite their country's fast development, lots of Indians still have conservative ideas about a woman's role in the family. 'Family is the first priority for many women across the world, but especially in a country like India that's very traditional. We still live in joint [multi-generational] families with obligations and a glorified image...more
Dec. 5, 2024, 4:37 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The labour market remains highly segregated based on gender, with women being overrepresented in certain lower-paying sectors and in public and part-time positions that are more reconcilable with their family responsibilities, and...women are underrepresented in the private sector and in managerial posts...Women carry a disproportionate care and child-raising burden, which hampers their career prospects" (11). "The Committee notes with concern that, on average, women receive lower pension benefits than men, owing to occupational segregation, the overrepresentation of women in part-time employment and their disproportionate care and child-raising responsibilities" (12). "The Committee notes with concern...that: women’s health is underresearched, including with regard to the specific health needs of women, occupational hazards...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The labour market remains highly segregated based on gender, with women being overrepresented in certain lower-paying sectors and in public and part-time positions that are more reconcilable with their family responsibilities, and...women are underrepresented in the private sector and in managerial posts...Women carry a disproportionate care and child-raising burden, which hampers their career prospects" (11). "The Committee notes with concern that, on average, women receive lower pension benefits than men, owing to occupational segregation, the overrepresentation of women in part-time employment and their disproportionate care and child-raising responsibilities" (12). "The Committee notes with concern...that: women’s health is underresearched, including with regard to the specific health needs of women, occupational hazards...more
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:11 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“South Korea's fertility rate, the lowest in the developed world, is believed to be due to a potent cocktail of reasons discouraging people from having babies, including a decaying job market, a brutally competitive school environment for children, traditionally weak child care assistance and a male-centered corporate culture where many women find it impossible to combine careers and family” (para 6).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“South Korea's fertility rate, the lowest in the developed world, is believed to be due to a potent cocktail of reasons discouraging people from having babies, including a decaying job market, a brutally competitive school environment for children, traditionally weak child care assistance and a male-centered corporate culture where many women find it impossible to combine careers and family” (para 6).
Nov. 12, 2024, 1:32 p.m.
Countries: Latvia
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, DLB-DATA-1
"The Committee [is]concerned about...the unequal sharing of family responsibilities between women and men" (11).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, DLB-DATA-1
"The Committee [is]concerned about...the unequal sharing of family responsibilities between women and men" (11).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-PRACTICE-2, DLB-DATA-1
"'With no alternative source of income, they [women] are still required to feed their family, look after sick family members, while also providing contributions to the state'" (para 15).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-PRACTICE-2, DLB-DATA-1
"'With no alternative source of income, they [women] are still required to feed their family, look after sick family members, while also providing contributions to the state'" (para 15).
Oct. 9, 2024, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The global Covid-19 Pandemic which emerged in 2020, reversed some of the economic and social gains made for women. At the height of pandemic, many women undertook care-giving roles and unpaid labour in their homes including substitute teachers for children since schools were closed" (5). "As Belize’s population ages, women may be further challenged, excluded and marginalized in their senior years as they continue to spend their productive years in unpaid care work and in the informal sector" (6). "Older persons tend to live near kin. Older women are usually tasked with paid or unpaid caregiving for their children, grandchildren, or neighbours" (7).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The global Covid-19 Pandemic which emerged in 2020, reversed some of the economic and social gains made for women. At the height of pandemic, many women undertook care-giving roles and unpaid labour in their homes including substitute teachers for children since schools were closed" (5). "As Belize’s population ages, women may be further challenged, excluded and marginalized in their senior years as they continue to spend their productive years in unpaid care work and in the informal sector" (6). "Older persons tend to live near kin. Older women are usually tasked with paid or unpaid caregiving for their children, grandchildren, or neighbours" (7).
July 26, 2024, 6:17 p.m.
Countries: Benin
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“Albertine Doussoumon and her mother, Rosaline Chabi, are two of 180 women from three villages taking part in Fadeyi’s pilot project, overseen by the University of Parakou. ‘We women make money from gathering firewood and collecting sand for the construction companies,’ says Doussoumon, in Nago, a dialect similar to the Yoruba spoken on the Nigerian side of the forest. ‘We use that to buy clothes for the children.’ Doussoumon’s daily routine is working the plot of land owned by her husband where they grow maize, cassava, yams and rice. In the rainy season she picks mushrooms to eat with pounded yam and sell at the market” (8-10).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“Albertine Doussoumon and her mother, Rosaline Chabi, are two of 180 women from three villages taking part in Fadeyi’s pilot project, overseen by the University of Parakou. ‘We women make money from gathering firewood and collecting sand for the construction companies,’ says Doussoumon, in Nago, a dialect similar to the Yoruba spoken on the Nigerian side of the forest. ‘We use that to buy clothes for the children.’ Doussoumon’s daily routine is working the plot of land owned by her husband where they grow maize, cassava, yams and rice. In the rainy season she picks mushrooms to eat with pounded yam and sell at the market” (8-10).
July 18, 2024, 6:38 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Since 2011, sections on time use have been included in the national survey on living conditions and the national employment and income survey. This has made it possible to establish a satellite account for unpaid work in Guatemalan households. In 2019, women performed an average of 33.3 hours of unpaid work per week, a reduction of 4 hours compared with 2017. By contrast, men performed an average of 10.3 hours of unpaid work in 2019, an increase of 0.4 hours compared with 2017. According to data disaggregated by population group, Xinca women performed 36.4 hours of unpaid work per week. Food preparation, childcare and house cleaning are the most representative...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Since 2011, sections on time use have been included in the national survey on living conditions and the national employment and income survey. This has made it possible to establish a satellite account for unpaid work in Guatemalan households. In 2019, women performed an average of 33.3 hours of unpaid work per week, a reduction of 4 hours compared with 2017. By contrast, men performed an average of 10.3 hours of unpaid work in 2019, an increase of 0.4 hours compared with 2017. According to data disaggregated by population group, Xinca women performed 36.4 hours of unpaid work per week. Food preparation, childcare and house cleaning are the most representative...more
Jan. 28, 2024, 6:55 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The restaurant owner knows it’s illegal to employ children, but they work for less than half of what she would pay an adult and she knows that without a job they will go hungry. There’s no shortage of children willing to work, but she’s often exasperated and threatens to sack them because at the first chance to play, they’re off. Kouffia, 13, is a quiet, shy and devoted granddaughter. 'My mother is in the village, she can’t look after me. I was still small, I don’t remember my father, but I do have memories of my village. I begin my day at sunrise sweeping the yard, I help prepare the...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The restaurant owner knows it’s illegal to employ children, but they work for less than half of what she would pay an adult and she knows that without a job they will go hungry. There’s no shortage of children willing to work, but she’s often exasperated and threatens to sack them because at the first chance to play, they’re off. Kouffia, 13, is a quiet, shy and devoted granddaughter. 'My mother is in the village, she can’t look after me. I was still small, I don’t remember my father, but I do have memories of my village. I begin my day at sunrise sweeping the yard, I help prepare the...more
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“Available evidence (Botswana AIDS Impact Survey I, II, III and IV) shows that more women and girls…shoulder the heavy burden of care and support of people living with HIV (PLHIV)” (19). "The majority of rural women do not have a partner supporting them with the day-to-day management of the household nor contributing financially to children growth and development. This traditional family construct contributes to the overrepresentation of women among poor rural households” (35). "Access to water remains a challenge for rural women in Botswana. Although the rights of access to land generally include access to surface water resources, subject to existing rights, women’s plots tend to be far from water...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“Available evidence (Botswana AIDS Impact Survey I, II, III and IV) shows that more women and girls…shoulder the heavy burden of care and support of people living with HIV (PLHIV)” (19). "The majority of rural women do not have a partner supporting them with the day-to-day management of the household nor contributing financially to children growth and development. This traditional family construct contributes to the overrepresentation of women among poor rural households” (35). "Access to water remains a challenge for rural women in Botswana. Although the rights of access to land generally include access to surface water resources, subject to existing rights, women’s plots tend to be far from water...more
Nov. 21, 2023, 5:44 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The ACTU noted Australia currently had one of the lowest-paid parental leave schemes in the world and poor levels of shared parenting, leaving women unfairly carrying the burden of caring for children" (para. 13). This expansion of paid parental leave indicates prior societal expectations that women perform unpaid caring labor (MD - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The ACTU noted Australia currently had one of the lowest-paid parental leave schemes in the world and poor levels of shared parenting, leaving women unfairly carrying the burden of caring for children" (para. 13). This expansion of paid parental leave indicates prior societal expectations that women perform unpaid caring labor (MD - CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“When Yuna turned up for her first day at work, as a clerk at a major bank, she was not expecting the tasks she would be assigned. First was to make lunch for her team. Later, she was ordered to take the hand towels from the men's toilet home and wash them. These jobs fell to her, she was told, as the newest female member of staff. At first she politely refused. Could the men not take their own towels home to wash, she asked her boss, but he replied incredulously: 'How can you expect men to wash towels?'” (para 1-2). “What tipped her over the edge was not just...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“When Yuna turned up for her first day at work, as a clerk at a major bank, she was not expecting the tasks she would be assigned. First was to make lunch for her team. Later, she was ordered to take the hand towels from the men's toilet home and wash them. These jobs fell to her, she was told, as the newest female member of staff. At first she politely refused. Could the men not take their own towels home to wash, she asked her boss, but he replied incredulously: 'How can you expect men to wash towels?'” (para 1-2). “What tipped her over the edge was not just...more
Oct. 15, 2023, 2:22 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Pretending to lever maintenance for children from absent fathers to give to mothers, it fails again and again. There is a deep political, cultural and legal bias that lets fathers get away with it. It’s the same women-are-to-blame instinct that tilts the benefit system" (para 3). Women are expected to care for children without monetary contributions from the father (ET - CODER COMMENT). "From the National Audit Office today comes yet another report on the CMS’s abysmal performance. The audit office gets more complaints on this 'than any other single issue'. Hardly surprising, when only a third of mothers receive full maintenance and just 56% have any maintenance arrangements in...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"Pretending to lever maintenance for children from absent fathers to give to mothers, it fails again and again. There is a deep political, cultural and legal bias that lets fathers get away with it. It’s the same women-are-to-blame instinct that tilts the benefit system" (para 3). Women are expected to care for children without monetary contributions from the father (ET - CODER COMMENT). "From the National Audit Office today comes yet another report on the CMS’s abysmal performance. The audit office gets more complaints on this 'than any other single issue'. Hardly surprising, when only a third of mothers receive full maintenance and just 56% have any maintenance arrangements in...more
Oct. 10, 2023, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“'Before this legislation, too often, when a pregnant worker needed a minor change in workplace duties or policies because of pregnancy, she was forced to take unpaid leave or be pushed out of work entirely—at a moment when she and her family could least afford it'" (para 6). Because of pregnancy, women are uniquely expected to care for children without working (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
“'Before this legislation, too often, when a pregnant worker needed a minor change in workplace duties or policies because of pregnancy, she was forced to take unpaid leave or be pushed out of work entirely—at a moment when she and her family could least afford it'" (para 6). Because of pregnancy, women are uniquely expected to care for children without working (ET - CODER COMMENT).
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee commends the State party for favouring the involvement of fathers in childcare, including through the promotion of paternity leave. However, it is concerned about the following: Discriminatory gender stereotypes limit women’s roles to domestic work and childcare, undermining the empowerment of women in the economic, social and political spheres" (p.7). "The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State party in promoting access for women to employment. It also notes that discrimination in the workplace is prohibited under article 6 (2) of the Labour Code. However, the Committee is concerned that the following factors impede the full achievement of equality at work: (c) The restriction of women’s rights...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee commends the State party for favouring the involvement of fathers in childcare, including through the promotion of paternity leave. However, it is concerned about the following: Discriminatory gender stereotypes limit women’s roles to domestic work and childcare, undermining the empowerment of women in the economic, social and political spheres" (p.7). "The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State party in promoting access for women to employment. It also notes that discrimination in the workplace is prohibited under article 6 (2) of the Labour Code. However, the Committee is concerned that the following factors impede the full achievement of equality at work: (c) The restriction of women’s rights...more
Sept. 18, 2023, 2 a.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-DATA-1, DLB-DATA-1, CUST-LAW-1
"Also of concern is the burden on women as caretakers and unpaid workers in the home, which may hinder or entirely preclude professional development. In the case of divorce, Bhutanese law grants custody of children under nine years old to the mother, a statute that may further ingrain the stereotype of women as primary caregivers. A 2001 study found that, in rural areas, women were responsible for cooking, washing clothes, and preserving food for over 80 percent of households; urban regions presented an even starker figure, with more than 90 percent of households leaving cooking, cleaning, washing and food purchasing to women. These time-consuming tasks undeniably present a barrier to...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-DATA-1, DLB-DATA-1, CUST-LAW-1
"Also of concern is the burden on women as caretakers and unpaid workers in the home, which may hinder or entirely preclude professional development. In the case of divorce, Bhutanese law grants custody of children under nine years old to the mother, a statute that may further ingrain the stereotype of women as primary caregivers. A 2001 study found that, in rural areas, women were responsible for cooking, washing clothes, and preserving food for over 80 percent of households; urban regions presented an even starker figure, with more than 90 percent of households leaving cooking, cleaning, washing and food purchasing to women. These time-consuming tasks undeniably present a barrier to...more
Sept. 18, 2023, 2 a.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-DATA-1, DLB-DATA-1, CUST-LAW-1
"Also of concern is the burden on women as caretakers and unpaid workers in the home, which may hinder or entirely preclude professional development. In the case of divorce, Bhutanese law grants custody of children under nine years old to the mother, a statute that may further ingrain the stereotype of women as primary caregivers. A 2001 study found that, in rural areas, women were responsible for cooking, washing clothes, and preserving food for over 80 percent of households; urban regions presented an even starker figure, with more than 90 percent of households leaving cooking, cleaning, washing and food purchasing to women. These time-consuming tasks undeniably present a barrier to...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-DATA-1, DLB-DATA-1, CUST-LAW-1
"Also of concern is the burden on women as caretakers and unpaid workers in the home, which may hinder or entirely preclude professional development. In the case of divorce, Bhutanese law grants custody of children under nine years old to the mother, a statute that may further ingrain the stereotype of women as primary caregivers. A 2001 study found that, in rural areas, women were responsible for cooking, washing clothes, and preserving food for over 80 percent of households; urban regions presented an even starker figure, with more than 90 percent of households leaving cooking, cleaning, washing and food purchasing to women. These time-consuming tasks undeniably present a barrier to...more
Sept. 12, 2023, 11:48 a.m.
Countries: China
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
" 'The Communist Party aggressively perpetuates traditional gender norms and reduces women to their roles as reproductive tools for the state, dutiful wives, mothers and baby breeders in the home,' Leta Hong Fincher, a Hong Kong-American writer, wrote in the Washington Post" (para 8). " 'The gender stereotypes or the historical traditional norms are still there today very much,' Valarie Tan, an analyst at the Mercator Institute for China Studies in Germany, told Al Jazeera. 'I would say even more so under Xi Jinping, the expectation is that women eventually have to get married, they have to take care of the children, grow old and take care of grandchildren,' Tan...more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
" 'The Communist Party aggressively perpetuates traditional gender norms and reduces women to their roles as reproductive tools for the state, dutiful wives, mothers and baby breeders in the home,' Leta Hong Fincher, a Hong Kong-American writer, wrote in the Washington Post" (para 8). " 'The gender stereotypes or the historical traditional norms are still there today very much,' Valarie Tan, an analyst at the Mercator Institute for China Studies in Germany, told Al Jazeera. 'I would say even more so under Xi Jinping, the expectation is that women eventually have to get married, they have to take care of the children, grow old and take care of grandchildren,' Tan...more
Aug. 24, 2023, 1:08 a.m.
Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"[T]extbooks [contain] discriminatory stereotypes about the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society" (5). Females are culturally required to stay in the home (MV-coder comment). "[G]ender stereotypes are [persistent and] a root cause of the assignment of a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic work, child-raising and care of family members to women and the insufficient maternity leave afforded to women, thereby limiting their access to the labour market;" (9). "[T]he equal sharing of family and domestic responsibilities between mothers and fathers [is not promoted]" (10). "[R]ural women continue to carry a disproportionate burden of unpaid care work compared with rural men" (12).more
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"[T]extbooks [contain] discriminatory stereotypes about the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society" (5). Females are culturally required to stay in the home (MV-coder comment). "[G]ender stereotypes are [persistent and] a root cause of the assignment of a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic work, child-raising and care of family members to women and the insufficient maternity leave afforded to women, thereby limiting their access to the labour market;" (9). "[T]he equal sharing of family and domestic responsibilities between mothers and fathers [is not promoted]" (10). "[R]ural women continue to carry a disproportionate burden of unpaid care work compared with rural men" (12).more
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee notes with appreciation the various initiatives aimed at promoting the economic empowerment of women. It is concerned, however, about: (c) The disproportionate burden of unpaid work carried by women, limiting their professional opportunities" (13).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee notes with appreciation the various initiatives aimed at promoting the economic empowerment of women. It is concerned, however, about: (c) The disproportionate burden of unpaid work carried by women, limiting their professional opportunities" (13).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"[The state does not] promot[e] the equal sharing of domestic and family responsibilities between women and men, providing sufficient and adequate childcare facilities and providing parental leave for fathers" (12). Women are expected to provide unpaid caring labor while men join the formal employment sector (MV- coder comment).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"[The state does not] promot[e] the equal sharing of domestic and family responsibilities between women and men, providing sufficient and adequate childcare facilities and providing parental leave for fathers" (12). Women are expected to provide unpaid caring labor while men join the formal employment sector (MV- coder comment).