Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"Many [women] are acutely malnourished and don’t know where their next meal is coming from" (para 11). "According to UN resident and humanitarian coordinator Ramiz Alakbarov, 'a staggering 95% of Afghans are not getting enough to eat, with that number rising to almost 100% in female-headed households'" (para 19).

Countries: Gabon
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"[A national food and nutritional security policy for the period 2017-2025] provides support for the nutrition of adolescent girls and women of reproductive age, through food interventions and the provision of micronutrient supplements" (22). The support for female nutrition can indicate that girls are more likely to become malnurished than boys (MV-coder comment).

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"Following the adoption of a special law on the protection of families affected by multiple pregnancy and birth (Act No. 718), during the period 2010–2018 the Ministry assisted 2,621 mothers a year who had children from a multiple birth, providing them with support and delivering food parcels every three months to improve nutritional levels." (8)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The additional support from the government implies that women and children typically do not receive as much food in comparison to their male counterparts). "In 2007, a food production programme was set up to reduce poverty and hunger among rural families by providing capital for productive assets. From 2007 to 2016,...more

Countries: Nepal
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"The GoN is implementing Multi-sector Nutritional Plan 2013-2017 (MSNP) which targets teenaged girls, pregnant women and breast feeding mothers of low income groups. This plan is being implemented and has had positive impacts so far in increasing life expectancy, decreasing maternal mortality and improving the basic health of girl children."(17). "Until April 2014, the Poverty Alleviation Fund (PAF) has assisted the formation of 23,788 community organizations of the economically poor to carry out different livelihood enhancing and capacity development activities. The programme has benefited 663,151 poor households, mostly indigenous communities, Dalits, and women. Of these, 75 percent are women, 65 percent are those who do not have sufficient food for...more

Countries: Namibia
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"In order to provide adequate nutrition to the poorest members of society who are mostly women, the Ministry of Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare established a food bank where food rations are distributed to the needy." (38).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"[F]ood insecurity, remains the most concerning issue for women, given that 95% of the population and nearly 100% of women-headed households are experiencing hunger" (para 5). It is customary for women to eat the remains of the men's meal in the family. Without a male adult, the woman-headed households have little to no forms of income or food. Either way, women are less favored and consume fewer calories than men (MV-coder comment).

Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1, CIWM-DATA-1

"The proportion of ever- married women who are undernourished (a body mass index [BMI] below 18.5) has decreased since 2007, from 30% to 12%. On the other hand, the proportion of women who are overweight or obese (a BMI of 25.0 or above) has increased from 12% to 32%" (177). "6% of women have a normal BMI, while 12% are thin and 32% are overweight or obese. The mean BMI among women is 23.3. Fourteen percent of women are of short stature" (185). "The proportion of women who are thin decreased from 52% in 1996-97 to 30% in 2007 and 12% in 2017-18. On the other hand, the proportion of...more

Countries: United States
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

“Christopher Ochner, a researcher of obesity, eating disorders and nutrition at Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center in Manhattan, said the ads [of the NYC Girls Project campaign] could be effective because they offered a more realistic picture than ‘the media’s portrayal of ideal beauty, which is still this stick-thin, crazy-thin’ standard. Average girls, he added, look at fashion models and say, ‘If I’m not like that, then nobody’s going to need me or love me.’ City officials cited evidence in The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing and elsewhere that more than 80 percent of 10-year-old girls are afraid of being fat, that girls’ self-esteem drops at age 12 and does...more

Countries: India
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"The prevalence of undernutrition is almost the same among girls and boys" (293). "Twenty-three percent of women age 15-49 are thin, 21 percent are overweight or obese, and 56 percent have a BMI in the normal range. Eleven percent of women age 15-49 years have a height below 145 cm" (300). "Twenty percent of men age 15-49 are thin, 19 percent are overweight or obese, and 61 percent have a BMI in the normal range. The mean body mass index for men (21.8) is similar to that of women (21.9)" (301). "Among these food groups, women consume dark green, leafy vegetables most often. Almost half (47%) of women consume dark...more

Countries: Mauritania
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1, PHBP-PRACTICE-1

"Traditional forms of mistreatment of women continued to decline. One of these is the forced feeding of adolescent girls prior to marriage, practiced by some Beydane families. Increased government, media, and civil society attention to the problem, including the health risks associated with excessive body weight, continued to lessen traditional encouragement of female obesity" (page 18).

Countries: Mauritania
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1

"Leblouh refers to the practice of force-feeding young girls for marriage. Heavier girls and women are viewed as beautiful, wealthy and socially-accepted while their slimmer counterparts are considered inferior and bring shame on their families in Mauritanian society. In Mauritanian culture, being thin is unappealing. A fat girl symbolizes wealth and social class. This practice, also known as gavage, dates back to a time when Mauritania’s population consisted of lowly, white Moor Arabs. Back then, a Mauritanian man was considered wealthy and well-respected if his wives did not engage in housework. Since they spent most of their time just sitting and being lazy by not doing any work, these wives...more

Countries: Senegal
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1, UVAW-PRACTICE-1, PW-PRACTICE-3

"The Committee welcomes the adoption of Law No. 99-05 of 29 January 1999 criminalizing female genital mutilation and of a second national action plan to accelerate the elimination female genital mutilation (2010-2015), as well as the measures taken to raise public awareness of harmful practices. It is concerned, however, at the persistence of adverse cultural norms, practices and traditions as well as patriarchal attitudes and deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles, responsibilities and identities of women and men in the family and society. It notes that stereotypes contribute to the persistence of violence against women as well as harmful practices, including female genital mutilation, levirate and sororate, child marriage, polygamy, repudiation,...more

Countries: Panama
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1, CIWM-DATA-1, MMR-PRACTICE-1, MMR-DATA-1, IM-DATA-1, PPWA-DATA-1

"Access to health care was a significant problem in the indigenous comarcas as reflected in high rates of maternal and infant mortality and malnutrition"(24)

Countries: Mongolia
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1, SMES-DATA-1, SMES-DATA-2, CLCW-PRACTICE-1, NGOFW-DATA-3

"In Mongolia, 28,107 women beneficiaries were supported with food stamps for 1 year to cushion the impact of the food and fuel crises (ADB 2011d)"(52)

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: CIWM-PRACTICE-1, CIWM-DATA-1

"In Pakistan, the provision of take-home rations to girls attending school for at least 20 days a month boosted overall enrollment by 135% from fiscal year 1999 to fiscal year 2004 (WFP 2012, p. 53)"(62)."Private initiatives have sometimes supported take-home rations programs. A cooperative based in the United States, Land O’Lakes, working with funding by the United States Department of Agriculture, launched such a program in March 2010 in the province of Jacobabad, Pakistan. Enrollment rates of girls there were very low at the start of the program, at 36%, and half the girls’ primary schools were reportedly closed due to lack of participation of teachers and pupils. A take-home...more