Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"Afghanistan is one of the few countries where there are no female judges, attorneys, or prosecutors" (para 1). "Over 300 women served as judges under the previous government. In more than 15 provinces across Afghanistan, female judges presided over various court divisions. As a result, women had easy access to justice in the Islamic Republic’s judicial and prosecutorial system" (para 2).

Countries: D R Congo
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"[T]he rates of enrolment, retention and completion by women and girls at all levels of education, especially in science, technology, engineering and mathematics programmes [needs to increase]" (11). This can indicate that the enrollment levels are low (MV- coder comment).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"Fewer females continue to enrol in science and technology fields than males" (7). This suggests that there are probably fewer women in these fields as professionals (VMH - CODER COMMENT). In Table 4, titled "Participation of Women in the Court of Appeal and High Court, 2015," shows how men are incredibly under-represented in Court positions comapred to men. For Chief Justice, women were 0%, while men were 100%. For Presidents, women were 0% as well, while the men were 100% once again. For Judges, women were 24%, while men are 76% (27). In Table 5, titled "Participation of Women in the Magistrate Courts, 2012," shows that women domiante this field...more

Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"[G]irls [continue to be underrepresented] in traditionally male-dominated fields of study, in particular in higher education, in which study choices remain stereotyped" (8).

Countries: Senegal
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"The involvement of women in decision-making bodies has resulted in major progress, including, most notably:... In 2010, women accounted for 17.29 percent of the judiciary…"(6).

Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"Women have a dominant position in some professions (such as education, healthcare and others). The gender analysis of employment data of the population shows that the share of female workers in 2017 was 47,6% in education, 53,0% in healthcare and social services and 26,2% in recreation, entertainment and art areas" (10). "Women are also broadly present in the area of science in Azerbaijan. 54% of students in master course, 51% of PhDs lecturing at higher educational institutions and 46% of Doctor of Science are women. Currently, 1215 (56%) out of 2168 doctoral candidates are women" (19-20).

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"Through its National Institute of Technology, Nicaragua has been running technical education programmes to provide women and men with technical skills. Women’s participation in these programmes has increased, notably in specialisms that were previously open only to men, in particular in the industrial, construction, agricultural and forestry sectors." (7-8). "The Gender Commission of the Supreme Court has been established. It is composed of the Court’s five female judges and the gender secretariat and is responsible for implementing the gender equality policy. A greater number of public defenders have been made available to users of the justice system and have served 186,791 women. Training on gender-sensitive human rights and development has...more

Countries: Egypt
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"[W]omen and girls tend to be concentrated in traditionally female-dominated fields of study and are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and mathematics" (9).

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-5, ERBG-DATA-6, ASR-DATA-1

“A little over half of self-employed workers in Bulgaria are educated to the upper secondary level, and 32% hold a tertiary level degree. Self-employed women were more likely than self-employed workers in any other groups to have completed tertiary education. This data confirm findings of an earlier nation-wide study that the group of women entrepreneurs had a higher share of people with higher education. Relatively few self-employed workers held only a basic education compared to the EU average. The Roma population is likely to be overrepresented in this last category, including Roma women who display high rates of early school dropout” (12).

Countries: Namibia
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"At University level, more females graduate than males. The number of female graduates in traditionally male dominated courses such as Medicine, Engineering and other hard sciences has also increased exponentially in the last few years." (12). Table 10 titled 'Women in the Judiciary' looks at the amount of female participation in varying positions which include Registrars / Chief Justice, President of the Court, Judges, and Magistrates with 75% of Resitrars/Chief Justices, 33.3% of President of the Courts, 20.8% of judges, and 49.5% of magistrates are women. (27). "Institutions of higher learning have in recent years recorded an increase in enrolment of courses by females in fields which were historically male...more

Countries: Italy
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"In the Universities, women overtook men during 80’s, in Faculties, such as Law, being mainly chosen by women (since this allows them to compete for the access to the judiciary)" (57). "Women are also recuperating the educational disadvantage in the field of new technologies, a field traditionally attributed to men. However, the women’s presence in scientific Faculties, such as Engineering, remains low. There is an average of 18.4 women out of 100 freshmen. Such situation reduces chances for the women of getting hired by the most advanced IT companies. Therefore, as for scientific and technical positions, gender stereotypes persist in many companies...Needless to say, the number of women scientists remains...more

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"There was a widespread shortage of judges, primarily in insecure areas, leading to the adjudication of many cases through informal, traditional mediation. A shortage of women judges, particularly outside of Kabul, limited access to justice for women. Many women are unable to use the formal justice system because cultural norms preclude their engagement with male officials. During the year only 257 of 2,029, or 13 percent, of judges were women, a slight increase from 2018. The formal justice system is stronger in urban centers, closer to the central government, and weaker in rural areas. In rural areas lacking physical space for judges or prosecutors to operate and adequate security protection,...more

Countries: Iran
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"...In Muslim-majority countries, such as Iran, for example, women make up more than 60% of students studying for physics undergraduate and master’s degrees and 47% of Ph.D.s [7]…" (para 2).

Countries: Libya
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"She will be working alongside jurist Halima Ibrahim Abderrahmane, from the western town of Gharyan, who takes the justice portfolio, and Mabrouka Touki, an academic from the southern Fezzan region, who has a degree in nuclear physics and will head the culture ministry" (Para 13).

Countries: Poland
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"A very significant group of fields of study from the point of view of their feminization is health care and social welfare. An exception in this group, are emergency medical services, where over a half of graduates in 2005-2010 were men. On the other hand, the most feminized fields are: obstetrics (99 per cent), nursing (97 per cent) and social work (92 per cent). A clear overrepresentation of women may also be noticed among graduates of biology – 84%. Conversely, the opposite tendency may be observed for technical studies such as: automatics and robotics, electrotechnical engineering, mechanics and machine building – in the 2009/2010 academic year women accounted for less...more