Latest items for AFE-PRACTICE-2
Jan. 10, 2025, 2:03 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Many Somalis do not consider journalism an acceptable job for a woman, who they believe should stay at home to cook, clean and raise children" (par. 10). If Somalis belief that a woman should stay home, they would not think it important for her to go to university (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Many Somalis do not consider journalism an acceptable job for a woman, who they believe should stay at home to cook, clean and raise children" (par. 10). If Somalis belief that a woman should stay home, they would not think it important for her to go to university (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 8, 2025, 3:34 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"The Ministry of Education and Science employs 31 women and girls, 26 of whom are civil servants; there are 624 individuals with doctoral degrees in science, 103 of whom are women; 3,279 doctoral candidates in the sciences, 911 of whom are women; four corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan; two permanent members of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan; one full member of the Academy of Education of Tajikistan; one full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Tajikistan; two rectors; 33 provosts; 135 faculty deans; and 192 department heads. 166. The status of women in society is improving every year. There are 130...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"The Ministry of Education and Science employs 31 women and girls, 26 of whom are civil servants; there are 624 individuals with doctoral degrees in science, 103 of whom are women; 3,279 doctoral candidates in the sciences, 911 of whom are women; four corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan; two permanent members of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan; one full member of the Academy of Education of Tajikistan; one full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Tajikistan; two rectors; 33 provosts; 135 faculty deans; and 192 department heads. 166. The status of women in society is improving every year. There are 130...more
Jan. 3, 2025, 2:39 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"A study by the consulting firm McKinsey & Company and the women's advocacy organization Lean In finds that, even as they are more likely than men to finish college, women in corporate roles are less likely to be promoted from entry-level jobs to management positions. Eighty-seven women advanced to management positions in their companies, it found, for every 100 men" (par. 25).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"A study by the consulting firm McKinsey & Company and the women's advocacy organization Lean In finds that, even as they are more likely than men to finish college, women in corporate roles are less likely to be promoted from entry-level jobs to management positions. Eighty-seven women advanced to management positions in their companies, it found, for every 100 men" (par. 25).
Jan. 2, 2025, 4:36 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"For some women, the sex industry has become an economic safety net in the absence of sufficient social support and quality employment opportunities. Two years ago, a young woman I interviewed recounted how an abusive home environment and financial hardship led her to one such job to fund her college education. Although she obtained a degree, she struggled with mental health issues resulting from her work — a by no means uncommon experience" (par. 17). This suggests that women can go to college, but may not have the support they need to fund it (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"For some women, the sex industry has become an economic safety net in the absence of sufficient social support and quality employment opportunities. Two years ago, a young woman I interviewed recounted how an abusive home environment and financial hardship led her to one such job to fund her college education. Although she obtained a degree, she struggled with mental health issues resulting from her work — a by no means uncommon experience" (par. 17). This suggests that women can go to college, but may not have the support they need to fund it (IME - CODER COMMENT).
Dec. 30, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-LAW-1
"After seven years of medical school in Myanmar, May finally achieved her goal of becoming a doctor. But a month after she graduated and found a job, her dreams started unraveling" (par. 1).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-LAW-1
"After seven years of medical school in Myanmar, May finally achieved her goal of becoming a doctor. But a month after she graduated and found a job, her dreams started unraveling" (par. 1).
Dec. 12, 2024, 1:31 p.m.
Countries: Russia
Variables: BR-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-2
"This summer, Russia’s health minister, Mikhail Murashko, criticized women putting their education and careers ahead of having children as 'improper'" (para 12).
Variables: BR-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-2
"This summer, Russia’s health minister, Mikhail Murashko, criticized women putting their education and careers ahead of having children as 'improper'" (para 12).
Dec. 6, 2024, 10:28 a.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-2
"In Kyrgyzstan, opportunities are often reserved for boys, while girls are relegated to housework. Sons are often exempt from housework so they have more time to study, and later in life it is men who are more likely to get well-paid, prestigious jobs. The fate of a girl is to do chores, take care of relatives and study for a profession that is in service of others, such as a teacher, doctor or nurse. It is important this job does not interfere in family life. Despite this, girls and women overcome obstacles at every stage to get a good education and become successful" (para 12-13).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-2
"In Kyrgyzstan, opportunities are often reserved for boys, while girls are relegated to housework. Sons are often exempt from housework so they have more time to study, and later in life it is men who are more likely to get well-paid, prestigious jobs. The fate of a girl is to do chores, take care of relatives and study for a profession that is in service of others, such as a teacher, doctor or nurse. It is important this job does not interfere in family life. Despite this, girls and women overcome obstacles at every stage to get a good education and become successful" (para 12-13).
Dec. 5, 2024, 6:08 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Activist Mirzoyeva pointed to the Khatlon and Sughd regions as examples. There, girls are prepared for matrimony from an early age, while education is considered 'superfluous'" (para 8).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Activist Mirzoyeva pointed to the Khatlon and Sughd regions as examples. There, girls are prepared for matrimony from an early age, while education is considered 'superfluous'" (para 8).
Nov. 16, 2024, 4:25 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Numerous women in Afghanistan have received education and training to work in judicial and prosecutorial institutions over the past 20 years, often with the help of international aid. Female students dominated law schools, and training facilities attempted to prepare both genders for careers in the legal industry. Women were given extensive training to serve in the justice and prosecution systems" (para 1,2).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Numerous women in Afghanistan have received education and training to work in judicial and prosecutorial institutions over the past 20 years, often with the help of international aid. Female students dominated law schools, and training facilities attempted to prepare both genders for careers in the legal industry. Women were given extensive training to serve in the justice and prosecution systems" (para 1,2).
Nov. 7, 2024, 2:19 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"Girls are more likely to drop out of school than boys, according to the UNICEF" (para 9).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"Girls are more likely to drop out of school than boys, according to the UNICEF" (para 9).
Oct. 16, 2024, 3:08 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Numerous women in Afghanistan have received education and training to work in judicial and prosecutorial institutions over the past 20 years, often with the help of international aid. Female students dominated law schools, and training facilities attempted to prepare both genders for careers in the legal industry. Women were given extensive training to serve in the justice and prosecution systems" (para 1,2).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Numerous women in Afghanistan have received education and training to work in judicial and prosecutorial institutions over the past 20 years, often with the help of international aid. Female students dominated law schools, and training facilities attempted to prepare both genders for careers in the legal industry. Women were given extensive training to serve in the justice and prosecution systems" (para 1,2).
April 28, 2024, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"Girls in rural areas are particularly disadvantaged. According to a 2017-2018 Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, girls in rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), for example, were 23 percentage points less likely than boys in rural areas, and 46 percentage points less likely than boys in urban areas, to enter grade 12. A whole set of factors conspire to scare and dissuade girls from reaching the educational attainment they deserve, such as social norms that favor early marriage" (para 4-5).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"Girls in rural areas are particularly disadvantaged. According to a 2017-2018 Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, girls in rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), for example, were 23 percentage points less likely than boys in rural areas, and 46 percentage points less likely than boys in urban areas, to enter grade 12. A whole set of factors conspire to scare and dissuade girls from reaching the educational attainment they deserve, such as social norms that favor early marriage" (para 4-5).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Enrolment statistics show that girls enrolled more than boys in secondary and tertiary education. However, the likelihood of attaining secondary and tertiary education is higher among men compared to women" (7). This suggests there may be societal attitudes that university education is more important for men than women (VMH - CODER COMMENT). "The percentage of men with University education (15%) was significantly higher than that of women (10%) who attained the same level of education" (29).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Enrolment statistics show that girls enrolled more than boys in secondary and tertiary education. However, the likelihood of attaining secondary and tertiary education is higher among men compared to women" (7). This suggests there may be societal attitudes that university education is more important for men than women (VMH - CODER COMMENT). "The percentage of men with University education (15%) was significantly higher than that of women (10%) who attained the same level of education" (29).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, ASR-PRACTICE-1
"There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events" (10).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, ASR-PRACTICE-1
"There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events" (10).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, ASR-PRACTICE-1
"There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events" (7).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, ASR-PRACTICE-1
"There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events" (7).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"To contain opportunity costs, there are no primary school enrolment fees, and middle and secondary school fees are capped at 10,000 CFA francs per pupil, with the option to spread payment over several months. Failure to pay can under no circumstances lead to the expulsion of a pupil, because Senegal is striving to create schools of fairness and equal opportunities. Through the PAEF-Plus project, Senegal sought to test certain initiatives with a view to duplicating them if they were successful." (9). "In order to encourage women and men to move into non-traditional sectors and careers, the State has taken the following measures: Increasing the resources allocated to vocational training and...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"To contain opportunity costs, there are no primary school enrolment fees, and middle and secondary school fees are capped at 10,000 CFA francs per pupil, with the option to spread payment over several months. Failure to pay can under no circumstances lead to the expulsion of a pupil, because Senegal is striving to create schools of fairness and equal opportunities. Through the PAEF-Plus project, Senegal sought to test certain initiatives with a view to duplicating them if they were successful." (9). "In order to encourage women and men to move into non-traditional sectors and careers, the State has taken the following measures: Increasing the resources allocated to vocational training and...more
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"[S]pecific barriers faced by girls to enrolling and remaining in school at the secondary and tertiary levels, includ[e] poverty, negative parental attitudes and preference given to the education of boys, disability, child marriage and early pregnancy" (11).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"[S]pecific barriers faced by girls to enrolling and remaining in school at the secondary and tertiary levels, includ[e] poverty, negative parental attitudes and preference given to the education of boys, disability, child marriage and early pregnancy" (11).
March 16, 2023, 3:32 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-LAW-1
“Above all, women are less likely than men to consider going into business for themselves, and those who do establish a company are more likely to fail than men (see Section 3.2). Currently, only 6 per cent of the overall population of Bulgarian women manage or own their own company. Women, even though they are more highly educated than men, believe that they do not possess the necessary skills to become an entrepreneur (70 per cent), compared with only 64 per cent of men who were interviewed. Women also tend to view entrepreneurship as an inappropriate role for women (34 per cent), contrasting with only 17 per cent of men...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-LAW-1
“Above all, women are less likely than men to consider going into business for themselves, and those who do establish a company are more likely to fail than men (see Section 3.2). Currently, only 6 per cent of the overall population of Bulgarian women manage or own their own company. Women, even though they are more highly educated than men, believe that they do not possess the necessary skills to become an entrepreneur (70 per cent), compared with only 64 per cent of men who were interviewed. Women also tend to view entrepreneurship as an inappropriate role for women (34 per cent), contrasting with only 17 per cent of men...more
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Out of the total number of those who completed their undergraduate studies in the academic year 2019/2020, 56.7 per cent were women, and 43.3 per cent were male. When it comes to postgraduate studies, 55.8 per cent of students in specialist studies were women, and 44.2 per cent were men. As for those studying for the master’s degree – 60.4 per cent were women and 39.6 per cent were men...Among those who received their PhDs in 2019, there were 12 men and 8 women. Following a look into the data on the number of those who received their Ph.D. degree from 2010 to 2019, it can be concluded that the...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Out of the total number of those who completed their undergraduate studies in the academic year 2019/2020, 56.7 per cent were women, and 43.3 per cent were male. When it comes to postgraduate studies, 55.8 per cent of students in specialist studies were women, and 44.2 per cent were men. As for those studying for the master’s degree – 60.4 per cent were women and 39.6 per cent were men...Among those who received their PhDs in 2019, there were 12 men and 8 women. Following a look into the data on the number of those who received their Ph.D. degree from 2010 to 2019, it can be concluded that the...more
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"According to a study, traditional attitude, norms and value of the Chepang community and family towards education and gender have changed drastically. They have perceived education as the best tool for employment creation, income generation, knowledge and better life. As a result, there is high enrolment rate of Chepang girls in primary schools." (14)(NF - CODER COMMENT- This change in attitude can imply that society can be more accepting of girls having a higher level of education).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"According to a study, traditional attitude, norms and value of the Chepang community and family towards education and gender have changed drastically. They have perceived education as the best tool for employment creation, income generation, knowledge and better life. As a result, there is high enrolment rate of Chepang girls in primary schools." (14)(NF - CODER COMMENT- This change in attitude can imply that society can be more accepting of girls having a higher level of education).
Feb. 18, 2023, 9:51 a.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"A Japanese court on Thursday ordered a Tokyo medical school to pay around 8.05 million yen ($63,000) in damages to 13 women for rigging its entrance exams in favor of male candidates, in what is believed to be the first ruling of its kind following a series of manipulations of exam results found in Japan" (Para.1). "The Tokyo District Court ruled that the women had suffered emotional distress as a result of Juntendo University's gender-based discrimination, awarding each between 300,000 yen and 900,000 yen in compensation. The plaintiffs had sought a combined 54 million yen" (Para.2). "Having applicants take entrance examinations while concealing the acceptance criteria 'constitutes illegal behavior as...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"A Japanese court on Thursday ordered a Tokyo medical school to pay around 8.05 million yen ($63,000) in damages to 13 women for rigging its entrance exams in favor of male candidates, in what is believed to be the first ruling of its kind following a series of manipulations of exam results found in Japan" (Para.1). "The Tokyo District Court ruled that the women had suffered emotional distress as a result of Juntendo University's gender-based discrimination, awarding each between 300,000 yen and 900,000 yen in compensation. The plaintiffs had sought a combined 54 million yen" (Para.2). "Having applicants take entrance examinations while concealing the acceptance criteria 'constitutes illegal behavior as...more
Feb. 4, 2023, 6:14 p.m.
Countries: Namibia
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"At University level, more females graduate than males. The number of female graduates in traditionally male dominated courses such as Medicine, Engineering and other hard sciences has also increased exponentially in the last few years." (12). "The Namibian government through Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund (NSFAF) provides loans to students from low income families to pursue their tertiary education. The private sector often provides bursaries and grants to those who have met their requirements." (16)(NF -CODER COMMENT - The creation of a national scholarship along with separate, private scholarships signals a growing support for women and girls to continue their education). "Institutions of higher learning have in recent years recorded...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"At University level, more females graduate than males. The number of female graduates in traditionally male dominated courses such as Medicine, Engineering and other hard sciences has also increased exponentially in the last few years." (12). "The Namibian government through Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund (NSFAF) provides loans to students from low income families to pursue their tertiary education. The private sector often provides bursaries and grants to those who have met their requirements." (16)(NF -CODER COMMENT - The creation of a national scholarship along with separate, private scholarships signals a growing support for women and girls to continue their education). "Institutions of higher learning have in recent years recorded...more
Jan. 19, 2023, 10:27 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Hundreds of women marched from Herat University on Sunday morning demanding their right to education" (para 10). Women who attend university are not fully supported by the government (MV-coder comment).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Hundreds of women marched from Herat University on Sunday morning demanding their right to education" (para 10). Women who attend university are not fully supported by the government (MV-coder comment).
Jan. 12, 2023, 8:01 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"They were prevented from owning property, accessing health care, directly receiving salaries, or attending formal education….'It was hard because there was no education, no protection for children...'" (para 4-5). "Before 1979, there were no educational provisions for children of any gender under six years old. Schooling post-13 was rare" (para 28).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"They were prevented from owning property, accessing health care, directly receiving salaries, or attending formal education….'It was hard because there was no education, no protection for children...'" (para 4-5). "Before 1979, there were no educational provisions for children of any gender under six years old. Schooling post-13 was rare" (para 28).
Jan. 7, 2023, 11:15 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"[I]n Afghanistan...teenage girls must stay home, but a young woman lucky enough to have been in college when the Taliban seized power can still legally pursue her degree. A lack of professors to teach the women alongside strict dress codes appears to have kept many college-age women home, however" (para 21). "It's unclear... if the Taliban will allow new female college entrants" (para 26).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"[I]n Afghanistan...teenage girls must stay home, but a young woman lucky enough to have been in college when the Taliban seized power can still legally pursue her degree. A lack of professors to teach the women alongside strict dress codes appears to have kept many college-age women home, however" (para 21). "It's unclear... if the Taliban will allow new female college entrants" (para 26).
Dec. 19, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
“…[W]omen were more often widowed and tended to have somewhat higher education as measured by the prevalence of high-school or college/university academic degrees” (3)
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
“…[W]omen were more often widowed and tended to have somewhat higher education as measured by the prevalence of high-school or college/university academic degrees” (3)
Dec. 8, 2022, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Meanwhile, older girls above 13 years old have also yet to be allowed back to schools and colleges" (para 21).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Meanwhile, older girls above 13 years old have also yet to be allowed back to schools and colleges" (para 21).
June 14, 2022, 5:24 p.m.
Countries: Denmark
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"In 2018, the overall male-female ratio of upper secondary education was 46 percent male and 54 percent female (Figure 4, Annex 1). The male-female ratios tell that there is a majority of male students choosing programs containing a more technical (htx) and commercial profile (hhx) whereas female students tend to choose programs with a broader common profile containing for instance more foreign languages (stx and hf)" (19). "More women than men complete a higher education and almost the same number of men and women achieve a Ph.D..." (19). "...Women irrespective of their ethnic background more often than men take an education. Ethnic minority women follow the success of ethnic Danish...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"In 2018, the overall male-female ratio of upper secondary education was 46 percent male and 54 percent female (Figure 4, Annex 1). The male-female ratios tell that there is a majority of male students choosing programs containing a more technical (htx) and commercial profile (hhx) whereas female students tend to choose programs with a broader common profile containing for instance more foreign languages (stx and hf)" (19). "More women than men complete a higher education and almost the same number of men and women achieve a Ph.D..." (19). "...Women irrespective of their ethnic background more often than men take an education. Ethnic minority women follow the success of ethnic Danish...more
May 16, 2022, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: Suriname
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Although national data on the position of women in higher education show that women pursue higher education more than men, data gathered through the Suriname Enterprise Survey, Compete Caribbean 2011, show gender inequality in privately owned domestic firms, particularly in the manufacturing and services sector. The survey suggests that firms with women in management positions or with women in ownership positions in the services industry are most likely to be foreign owned" (21). "According to the last Census (2012), women have a higher representation (47 per cent) than men (21 per cent) in occupations which require higher education, while men are proportionally better represented (73 per cent) in the occupations...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"Although national data on the position of women in higher education show that women pursue higher education more than men, data gathered through the Suriname Enterprise Survey, Compete Caribbean 2011, show gender inequality in privately owned domestic firms, particularly in the manufacturing and services sector. The survey suggests that firms with women in management positions or with women in ownership positions in the services industry are most likely to be foreign owned" (21). "According to the last Census (2012), women have a higher representation (47 per cent) than men (21 per cent) in occupations which require higher education, while men are proportionally better represented (73 per cent) in the occupations...more
March 25, 2022, 8:54 p.m.
Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-3, AFE-DATA-1
"While education is equally accessible, federal law prohibits coeducation in public universities, except in the United Arab Emirates University’s Executive MBA program and in certain graduate programs at Zayed University. A large number of private schools, private universities, and institutions, however, were coeducational. According to officials, local women represent more than 70 percent of national higher education students" (29).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2, AFE-PRACTICE-3, AFE-DATA-1
"While education is equally accessible, federal law prohibits coeducation in public universities, except in the United Arab Emirates University’s Executive MBA program and in certain graduate programs at Zayed University. A large number of private schools, private universities, and institutions, however, were coeducational. According to officials, local women represent more than 70 percent of national higher education students" (29).