Countries: Iran
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, MARR-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-LAW-2, ADCM-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-1

"Women in Iran do not have the same legal protections as men, and are particularly vulnerable when it comes to issues such as marriage, child custody, divorce and even employment" (Para 23).

Countries: Iran
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, MARR-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-LAW-2, ADCM-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-1

"Women in Iran do not have the same legal protections as men, and are particularly vulnerable when it comes to issues such as marriage, child custody, divorce and even employment" (Para 23).

Countries: Georgia
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"1. Spouses shall have equal shares in the matrimonial property unless they agree otherwise. 2. A court may deviate from the rule of equal shares, taking into account the interests of minor children or the weighty interests of one of the spouses; in particular, the share of one of the spouses may be increased if the minor children reside with him or her, or if he or she is a disabled person, or if the other spouse has spent the matrimonial property to the detriment of the family interests. 3. Based on the above grounds, the court may award each spouse the property that has been acquired by each of...more

Countries: Maldives
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1, ADCM-LAW-1

"The Second Amendment to the Family Act (9/2016) now provides for the equal distribution of matrimonial property after divorce." (6). "Article 34 of the 2008 Constitution provides for the right to marry and establish a family. The Government supports and respects choices made by Maldivians in defining their own families and provide substantial protection (such as the payment of alimony, strict procedural criteria for divorce proceedings etc.) to families, women and children in accordance with the above Articles." (34). "Law Number 4/2000 (Family Act) codifies the family related Shari’ah provisions in effect in the Maldives. An amendment to the Family Law, ratified in 2016, now provides for the equal distribution...more

Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"…[T]he legislation adopted included: the Administrative Procedures Act of 8 January 2018; the Code of Civil Procedure of 22 January 2018; the Code of Economic Procedure of 24 January 2018 and the Code of Administrative Procedure of 25 January 2018..."(3-4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The restructuring of the judicial, administrative, and economic procedures allows women to file for cases regarding civil and economic matters). "[I]n 2017, the legislation adopted included:...the Mediation Act of 3 July 2018..." (4)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The law allows citizens the right to a mediator and the process of mediation for civil, business, labor, and family matters). "A significant contribution to the development of gender...more

Countries: Montenegro
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"Amendments to the Family Law (2020) deal with referring spouses to mediation in order to reconcile or reach an agreement on the exercise of parental rights after divorce and an agreement on the division of joint property (this issue is regulated by Article 326), but if there is a suspicion of domestic violence, the court will not refer the parties to the initial meeting with the mediator" (27). "In case there is no agreement on how the property should be divided, the property of the spouses is divided into equal parts at the time of divorce. However, if one spouse proves that his or her contribution to the acquisition of...more

Countries: Mauritania
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"A divorced woman may see her children ordered to live with their father solely on the grounds that she chooses to remarry" (para 2).

Countries: Lithuania
Variables: ADCM-PRACTICE-1, ADCM-LAW-1

"Lithuania has chosen the presumption of equal shares in joint community property. Courts may depart from equal shares of spouses because of such important circumstances as interests of children, health state of a spouse, and personal income used to increase joint community property. However, courts have never departed from the equal shares principle due to differing contributions by spouses to matrimonial property" (para 1).

Countries: Laos
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"Matrimonial property is divided equally among spouses after divorce, unless the dissolution of the marriage was caused by a fault committed by one spouse, in which case this spouse only receives one third of the matrimonial property. This rule is nuanced in the event that the divorced couple has minor children, in which case the court may award a bigger share to the parent to whom child custody is given (Family law art. 28). The Land law is silent on land division and use among spouses after divorce" (8).

Countries: Armenia
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-LAW-1, ADCM-PRACTICE-1, ADCM-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-1

"The Family Code stipulates that spouses have equal decision-making authority over children following divorce. In cases where no consensus can be reached, the court takes the decision. When a divorce is granted, the law provides that a couple’s assets are to be divided equally. In many cases, however, the law is not followed either because a registrar did not record the marriage or because the woman signed a prenuptial agreement nullifying certain provisions of the law" (3-4).

Countries: Malawi
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"Subject to subsections (2) and (3), both spouses have a duty to maintain each other and any children of the marriage. (2) The monetary contribution of each spouse shall be proportionate to his or her income. (3) The non-monetary contribution of each spouse shall also be taken into account when determining the contribution of a spouse to the maintenance of the other spouse or children of the marriage" (18). These determinations affect custody in divorce (SFR - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Russia
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"The Committee notes the introduction of mandatory notary agreements on the division of marital property and new safeguards to enforce child support alimony payments" (14).

Countries: Israel
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"Sometimes a husband makes divorce contingent on his wife conceding to demands, such as those relating to property ownership or child custody... Druze divorces are performed by an oral declaration of the husband alone and then registered through the Druze religious courts, placing a disproportionate burden on the woman to leave the home with her children immediately. A civil family court or a religious court settles child custody, alimony, and property matters after the divorce, which gives preference to the father unless it can be demonstrated that a child especially 'needs' the mother" (35).

Countries: Turkey
Variables: ADCM-LAW-1

"Nur’s mother, Muna, got married when she was fifteen, having never met her husband or seen her future home. After a few years, she was unhappy and wanted a divorce but she was uneducated, orphaned, and a mother in a country with no enforced alimony system" (para 25).

Countries: Slovakia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRCM-PRACTICE-2, LO-PRACTICE-1, ADCM-PRACTICE-1, ADCM-LAW-1

“E.S. and Others v. Slovakia (application no. 8227/04) (15 September 2009): In 2001 the applicant left her husband and lodged a criminal complaint against him for ill-treating her and her children and sexually abusing one of their daughters. He was convicted of violence and sexual abuse two years later. Her request for her husband to be ordered to leave their home was dismissed, however, the court finding that it did not have the power to restrict her husband’s access to the property (she could only end the tenancy when divorced). The applicant and her children were therefore forced to move away from their friends and family. The Court found that...more