Latest items for Spain
Jan. 9, 2025, 10:48 a.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: WAM-LAW-1
"Spain said Wednesday it’s enacting a new ethics code to discourage toy manufacturers from using sexist stereotypes such as dolls for girls and action figures for boys in advertisements as the Christmas season kicks off" (para 1). "The characterization of girls with sexual connotations will be prohibited and the exclusive association of toys with roles such as caring, domestic work or beauty with them (girls), and action, physical activity or technology with boys will be avoided" (para 3).
Variables: WAM-LAW-1
"Spain said Wednesday it’s enacting a new ethics code to discourage toy manufacturers from using sexist stereotypes such as dolls for girls and action figures for boys in advertisements as the Christmas season kicks off" (para 1). "The characterization of girls with sexual connotations will be prohibited and the exclusive association of toys with roles such as caring, domestic work or beauty with them (girls), and action, physical activity or technology with boys will be avoided" (para 3).
Jan. 9, 2025, 10:48 a.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Spain said Wednesday it’s enacting a new ethics code to discourage toy manufacturers from using sexist stereotypes such as dolls for girls and action figures for boys in advertisements as the Christmas season kicks off" (para 1).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Spain said Wednesday it’s enacting a new ethics code to discourage toy manufacturers from using sexist stereotypes such as dolls for girls and action figures for boys in advertisements as the Christmas season kicks off" (para 1).
Jan. 9, 2025, 10:48 a.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"The characterization of girls with sexual connotations will be prohibited and the exclusive association of toys with roles such as caring, domestic work or beauty with them (girls), and action, physical activity or technology with boys will be avoided" (para 3). This indicates that this is how views of manhood and womanhood were in the society, but efforts are being made to change that (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "The idea is that companies will no longer use colors such as blue or pink to indicate products intended for boys or girls" (para 4).
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"The characterization of girls with sexual connotations will be prohibited and the exclusive association of toys with roles such as caring, domestic work or beauty with them (girls), and action, physical activity or technology with boys will be avoided" (para 3). This indicates that this is how views of manhood and womanhood were in the society, but efforts are being made to change that (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "The idea is that companies will no longer use colors such as blue or pink to indicate products intended for boys or girls" (para 4).
Dec. 31, 2024, 4:46 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Central African Rep, Chile, Cote D'Ivoire, D R Congo, East Timor, Ethiopia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
15
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
15
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:41 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Eight boys have been accused of gang-raping a disabled classmate in the girl's bathroom of a Spanish school. The attack on a 12-year-old girl occurred in a Peñaflor, Seville school in May, according to a police report filed by the child's family. The police document said that the girl was 'removed from the sight of students and teachers and taken to the girl's bathroom' during a break, where the gang-rape allegedly occurred. Speaking to Spanish television program 'Y Ahora Sonsoles' the girl's distressed grandmother, whose identity was not shared, detailed the horrifying incident. 'They grabbed my hands and they opened my legs and they made love to me', the girl...more
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Eight boys have been accused of gang-raping a disabled classmate in the girl's bathroom of a Spanish school. The attack on a 12-year-old girl occurred in a Peñaflor, Seville school in May, according to a police report filed by the child's family. The police document said that the girl was 'removed from the sight of students and teachers and taken to the girl's bathroom' during a break, where the gang-rape allegedly occurred. Speaking to Spanish television program 'Y Ahora Sonsoles' the girl's distressed grandmother, whose identity was not shared, detailed the horrifying incident. 'They grabbed my hands and they opened my legs and they made love to me', the girl...more
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:41 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRCM-LAW-1
"But since all children involved in the horrific attack were born between 2011 and 2012, making them 12 and 13 years old, means that the Juvenile Prosecutor's Office cannot carry out any kind of investigation. According to Spanish Juvenile Law, when a perpetrator of rape is under the age of 14, he or she won't be held liable" (para 11-12).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-1
"But since all children involved in the horrific attack were born between 2011 and 2012, making them 12 and 13 years old, means that the Juvenile Prosecutor's Office cannot carry out any kind of investigation. According to Spanish Juvenile Law, when a perpetrator of rape is under the age of 14, he or she won't be held liable" (para 11-12).
Dec. 6, 2024, 8:36 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The legislation, popularly known as the 'only yes means yes' law, came into effect last October. It overhauled the criminal code by making sexual consent – or lack of it – key in determining assault cases, in an effort to define all non-consensual sex as rape. The law dropped the lesser charge of sexual abuse and classed all violations as sexual assault, which carries stiffer penalties. It also cut the minimum and maximum jail sentences, however, leading to some offenders having their terms reduced on appeal" (para 2-3). "In making consent the deciding factor, the new law also states that passivity and silence can no longer be interpreted as consent,...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The legislation, popularly known as the 'only yes means yes' law, came into effect last October. It overhauled the criminal code by making sexual consent – or lack of it – key in determining assault cases, in an effort to define all non-consensual sex as rape. The law dropped the lesser charge of sexual abuse and classed all violations as sexual assault, which carries stiffer penalties. It also cut the minimum and maximum jail sentences, however, leading to some offenders having their terms reduced on appeal" (para 2-3). "In making consent the deciding factor, the new law also states that passivity and silence can no longer be interpreted as consent,...more
Dec. 6, 2024, 8:36 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"In November, Spain’s magistrate associations and main opposition party called for the equality minister, Irene Montero, to resign after she accused judges of 'machismo' for reducing prison sentences under the 'only yes means yes' law. Montero has said judges need more training to overcome gender bias and accused some of not obeying the law. Judges say they have no alternative but to rule for defendants if the penalties in the laws under which they were convicted change. Opposition parties have been infuriated by Montero’s remarks and blame the government for passing a poorly drafted law" (para 10-12).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"In November, Spain’s magistrate associations and main opposition party called for the equality minister, Irene Montero, to resign after she accused judges of 'machismo' for reducing prison sentences under the 'only yes means yes' law. Montero has said judges need more training to overcome gender bias and accused some of not obeying the law. Judges say they have no alternative but to rule for defendants if the penalties in the laws under which they were convicted change. Opposition parties have been infuriated by Montero’s remarks and blame the government for passing a poorly drafted law" (para 10-12).
Dec. 6, 2024, 8:36 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"The law dropped the lesser charge of sexual abuse and classed all violations as sexual assault, which carries stiffer penalties. It also cut the minimum and maximum jail sentences, however, leading to some offenders having their terms reduced on appeal. According to the latest government figures, at least 104 offenders have been released and another 978 have seen their sentences cut. In Spain, sentences can be modified retroactively if a change in the penal code benefits the offender" (para 3-4). "The new law was drawn up after the 2016 'wolf pack' gang rape when five men raped an 18-year-old woman in Pamplona. Initially, they were found guilty of sexual abuse...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"The law dropped the lesser charge of sexual abuse and classed all violations as sexual assault, which carries stiffer penalties. It also cut the minimum and maximum jail sentences, however, leading to some offenders having their terms reduced on appeal. According to the latest government figures, at least 104 offenders have been released and another 978 have seen their sentences cut. In Spain, sentences can be modified retroactively if a change in the penal code benefits the offender" (para 3-4). "The new law was drawn up after the 2016 'wolf pack' gang rape when five men raped an 18-year-old woman in Pamplona. Initially, they were found guilty of sexual abuse...more
Dec. 6, 2024, 8:36 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"The new law was drawn up after the 2016 “wolf pack” gang rape when five men raped an 18-year-old woman in Pamplona" (para 7).
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"The new law was drawn up after the 2016 “wolf pack” gang rape when five men raped an 18-year-old woman in Pamplona" (para 7).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:49 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Beatriz Carrillo, the director general of non-discrimination and anti-racism within Spain's equality ministry called the court in Leon's ruling 'shameful' on X. 'Even more so [the ruling] is alluding to an alleged non-existent custom to mitigate the sentence. The penal code does not exclude the protection and protection of gypsy minors, otherwise it would be defending that abusing, attacking or raping to gypsy girls has few legal consequences,' she wrote on the social platform" (par. 14-15).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Beatriz Carrillo, the director general of non-discrimination and anti-racism within Spain's equality ministry called the court in Leon's ruling 'shameful' on X. 'Even more so [the ruling] is alluding to an alleged non-existent custom to mitigate the sentence. The penal code does not exclude the protection and protection of gypsy minors, otherwise it would be defending that abusing, attacking or raping to gypsy girls has few legal consequences,' she wrote on the social platform" (par. 14-15).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:49 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"A Spanish court has acquitted a man who raped a 12-year-old girl after it ruled that their relations were just a part of the Romani culture" (par. 1). "On Tuesday, the court in Ciudad Real in central Spain took into account the socio-cultural context of the Gypsy ethnic group to reduce the sentence for sexual assault and abuse of a minor by a 20-year old man. This resulted in the perpetrator, who left his 12-year-old victim pregnant with twins, being acquitted. The ruling held that the relationship was 'always consensual within the frame-work of a romantic relationship', adding that the two were 'close in age and maturity.' The girl was...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"A Spanish court has acquitted a man who raped a 12-year-old girl after it ruled that their relations were just a part of the Romani culture" (par. 1). "On Tuesday, the court in Ciudad Real in central Spain took into account the socio-cultural context of the Gypsy ethnic group to reduce the sentence for sexual assault and abuse of a minor by a 20-year old man. This resulted in the perpetrator, who left his 12-year-old victim pregnant with twins, being acquitted. The ruling held that the relationship was 'always consensual within the frame-work of a romantic relationship', adding that the two were 'close in age and maturity.' The girl was...more
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:49 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The age of consent in Spain is 16, meaning anyone younger cannot consent to sex. However, the court ruled that the man should benefit from the legal exception" (par. 7).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The age of consent in Spain is 16, meaning anyone younger cannot consent to sex. However, the court ruled that the man should benefit from the legal exception" (par. 7).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:49 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: GP-DATA-4
"Beatriz Carrillo, the director general of non-discrimination and anti-racism within Spain's equality ministry called the court in Leon's ruling 'shameful' on X" (par. 14).
Variables: GP-DATA-4
"Beatriz Carrillo, the director general of non-discrimination and anti-racism within Spain's equality ministry called the court in Leon's ruling 'shameful' on X" (par. 14).
Aug. 10, 2024, 2:57 a.m.
Countries: Bahamas, Barbados, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
2.0
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
2.0
July 9, 2024, 4:09 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex is legal in Spain but there is a law against doing sex work 'in areas of public transit, or close to places where minors are (schools, parks) or in areas where there is a risk for the road safety’. Also, each local authority has discretion to regulate sex work as it chooses. This means that in many areas there are rules against soliciting in certain places in public and sex workers can be fined for breaching these. E.g. according to Sexual Rights Initiative Database, available at https://sexualrightsdatabase.org/page/welcome Barcelona in 2012 prohibited all sex work in the streets" (para 1). "Is buying sex criminalised? No...more
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex is legal in Spain but there is a law against doing sex work 'in areas of public transit, or close to places where minors are (schools, parks) or in areas where there is a risk for the road safety’. Also, each local authority has discretion to regulate sex work as it chooses. This means that in many areas there are rules against soliciting in certain places in public and sex workers can be fined for breaching these. E.g. according to Sexual Rights Initiative Database, available at https://sexualrightsdatabase.org/page/welcome Barcelona in 2012 prohibited all sex work in the streets" (para 1). "Is buying sex criminalised? No...more
May 9, 2024, 2:15 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“When the owner of a property in Spain dies, the property will almost always be passed on to the heirs of the deceased” (para 33). “Where there is no will, property is usually inherited by the spouse, children, or parents of the deceased” (para 35). There is no distinction made between sons and daughters or husbands and wives in these statements indicating that daughters and widows are unlikely to experience discrimination in inheritance (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“When the owner of a property in Spain dies, the property will almost always be passed on to the heirs of the deceased” (para 33). “Where there is no will, property is usually inherited by the spouse, children, or parents of the deceased” (para 35). There is no distinction made between sons and daughters or husbands and wives in these statements indicating that daughters and widows are unlikely to experience discrimination in inheritance (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
April 24, 2024, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Article 807. The following persons are forced heirs: 1. Children and descendants in respect of their parents and ascendants; 2. In the absence of the foregoing, the parents and ascendants in respect of their children and descendants; 3. The widower or widow in the manner and to the extent set forth in this Code. Article 808 Two thirds of the estate of the father and mother constitute the reserved share corresponding to children and descendants. The aforesaid notwithstanding, parents may dispose of one of the two thirds which form the reserved share, to apply it as betterment in favour of their children or descendants. If any of the children or...more
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Article 807. The following persons are forced heirs: 1. Children and descendants in respect of their parents and ascendants; 2. In the absence of the foregoing, the parents and ascendants in respect of their children and descendants; 3. The widower or widow in the manner and to the extent set forth in this Code. Article 808 Two thirds of the estate of the father and mother constitute the reserved share corresponding to children and descendants. The aforesaid notwithstanding, parents may dispose of one of the two thirds which form the reserved share, to apply it as betterment in favour of their children or descendants. If any of the children or...more
April 24, 2024, 12:17 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Article 66. The spouses are equal in rights and duties...Article 1375. In the absence of a covenant made pursuant to a nuptial agreement, the management and disposal of common goods shall correspond jointly to the spouses, without prejudice to the provisions of the following Articles. Article 1376. If the consent of both spouses is necessary for the performance of acts of administration, and one of them is unable to give it or were to unreasonably withhold it, the Judge may give it in his stead if he were to find the request to be well founded. Article 1377. The performance of acts of disposal for valuable consideration impinging common goods...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Article 66. The spouses are equal in rights and duties...Article 1375. In the absence of a covenant made pursuant to a nuptial agreement, the management and disposal of common goods shall correspond jointly to the spouses, without prejudice to the provisions of the following Articles. Article 1376. If the consent of both spouses is necessary for the performance of acts of administration, and one of them is unable to give it or were to unreasonably withhold it, the Judge may give it in his stead if he were to find the request to be well founded. Article 1377. The performance of acts of disposal for valuable consideration impinging common goods...more
March 31, 2024, 3:14 p.m.
Countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Guyana, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1
1.0
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1
1.0
March 30, 2024, 10:05 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Spain ranks as a Tier 1 country (85). The report notes that although the government meets the minimum standards, gaps remained in victim identification, and the government did not report identifying any victims among the asylum-seeker population, despite the plausibility of there being such victims. This suggests the prevalence of signficant trafficking undetected by authorities (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Spain ranks as a Tier 1 country (85). The report notes that although the government meets the minimum standards, gaps remained in victim identification, and the government did not report identifying any victims among the asylum-seeker population, despite the plausibility of there being such victims. This suggests the prevalence of signficant trafficking undetected by authorities (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
March 9, 2024, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
"Since it passed its first anti-trafficking laws in 2010, the government has been scrambling to get on top of this crisis, spending millions of euros on an emergency plan to target the individuals and gangs operating with impunity. In 2015, it went further and created formal alliances between security forces, prosecutors, judges and NGOs, to rescue victims and prosecute the perpetrators" (para 5). "As in many countries, a prosecution is almost impossible without a victim willing to disclose their situation and testify against their exploiters. 'There is great fear among victims that if they tell the police, they will be sent back to their countries with their debts unpaid,' Nieto...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
"Since it passed its first anti-trafficking laws in 2010, the government has been scrambling to get on top of this crisis, spending millions of euros on an emergency plan to target the individuals and gangs operating with impunity. In 2015, it went further and created formal alliances between security forces, prosecutors, judges and NGOs, to rescue victims and prosecute the perpetrators" (para 5). "As in many countries, a prosecution is almost impossible without a victim willing to disclose their situation and testify against their exploiters. 'There is great fear among victims that if they tell the police, they will be sent back to their countries with their debts unpaid,' Nieto...more
March 9, 2024, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-4
"I meet Maria and Marcella, both in their mid-20s, in the offices of Apramp, an organisation set up to protect, reintegrate and assist women in prostitution. Apramp helped them escape their traffickers, and they are now among its outreach workers. Their day job is to identify potential trafficking victims and try to offer them a way out. They find women they think might need help on the streets, in hostess clubs, and in some of the 400 residences they say are operating as informal brothels in Madrid" (para 6). "As a young girl, Mora watched her mother (also called Rocío) start Apramp from their kitchen table. At 18, Mora was...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-4
"I meet Maria and Marcella, both in their mid-20s, in the offices of Apramp, an organisation set up to protect, reintegrate and assist women in prostitution. Apramp helped them escape their traffickers, and they are now among its outreach workers. Their day job is to identify potential trafficking victims and try to offer them a way out. They find women they think might need help on the streets, in hostess clubs, and in some of the 400 residences they say are operating as informal brothels in Madrid" (para 6). "As a young girl, Mora watched her mother (also called Rocío) start Apramp from their kitchen table. At 18, Mora was...more
March 9, 2024, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"Before, it was largely older men sneaking away from their families. Now, both the women on the streets and the sex buyers themselves are getting younger. 'The social stigma isn’t the same as it was when I started out,” she says. “We have a generation of young men growing up believing they have the right to do anything to a woman’s body if they have paid for it, and they don’t have to worry about the consequences'" (para 17).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"Before, it was largely older men sneaking away from their families. Now, both the women on the streets and the sex buyers themselves are getting younger. 'The social stigma isn’t the same as it was when I started out,” she says. “We have a generation of young men growing up believing they have the right to do anything to a woman’s body if they have paid for it, and they don’t have to worry about the consequences'" (para 17).
March 9, 2024, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-LAW-6
"Yet this vastly profitable and largely unregulated market has also become infested with criminality, turning Spain into a global hub for human trafficking and sexual slavery" (para 3). Since the industry is so notoriously unregulated, the Spanish government likely does not have guidelines in regards to STD tessting (MCP - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IRP-LAW-6
"Yet this vastly profitable and largely unregulated market has also become infested with criminality, turning Spain into a global hub for human trafficking and sexual slavery" (para 3). Since the industry is so notoriously unregulated, the Spanish government likely does not have guidelines in regards to STD tessting (MCP - CODER COMMENT).
March 9, 2024, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Although the Spanish Socialist party, which two weeks ago won another term in government, has promised to make it illegal to pay for sex, prostitution has boomed since it was decriminalised here in 1995" (para 2). "Under Spanish laws, you need proof of the use of extreme violence and intimidation to prosecute cases of pimping and coercion" (para 30).
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Although the Spanish Socialist party, which two weeks ago won another term in government, has promised to make it illegal to pay for sex, prostitution has boomed since it was decriminalised here in 1995" (para 2). "Under Spanish laws, you need proof of the use of extreme violence and intimidation to prosecute cases of pimping and coercion" (para 30).
March 9, 2024, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-DATA-2
"Recent estimates put revenue from Spain’s domestic sex trade at $26.5bn a year, with hundreds of licensed brothels and an estimated workforce of 300,000" (para 2). "And demand is huge: another survey, conducted in 2006, found that nearly 40% of Spanish men over the age of 18 had paid for sex at least once in their life" (para 17).
Variables: IRP-DATA-2
"Recent estimates put revenue from Spain’s domestic sex trade at $26.5bn a year, with hundreds of licensed brothels and an estimated workforce of 300,000" (para 2). "And demand is huge: another survey, conducted in 2006, found that nearly 40% of Spanish men over the age of 18 had paid for sex at least once in their life" (para 17).
March 9, 2024, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-DATA-1
"Until 2010, the law didn’t even recognise human trafficking as a crime. Now the Spanish government estimates that up to 90% of women working in prostitution could be victims of trafficking or under the control of a third party – such as a pimp – who is profiting from them. Between 2012-2016, security forces in Spain rescued 5,695 people from slavery but acknowledge that thousands more remain under the control of criminals" (para 4).
Variables: IRP-DATA-1
"Until 2010, the law didn’t even recognise human trafficking as a crime. Now the Spanish government estimates that up to 90% of women working in prostitution could be victims of trafficking or under the control of a third party – such as a pimp – who is profiting from them. Between 2012-2016, security forces in Spain rescued 5,695 people from slavery but acknowledge that thousands more remain under the control of criminals" (para 4).
March 9, 2024, 12:27 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"The high demand of paid sex goes hand in hand with a wide acceptance of its consumption" (para 3).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"The high demand of paid sex goes hand in hand with a wide acceptance of its consumption" (para 3).
March 9, 2024, 12:27 p.m.
Countries: Spain
Variables: IRP-LAW-1, IRP-LAW-4
"In 1995, prostitution was depanelized as a voluntary activity, leading to an unregulated and very successful establishment of the sex industry since then" (para 2). "So far, the laws in Spain have been ineffective in tackling the unregulated market of prostitution. Although the activity is allowed, the government draws the limit on the 'carnal pound', meaning no labor rights for sex workers, providing thus an easy outlet for criminality and turning Spain into a magnet for human trafficking and sexual exploitation" (para 4).
Variables: IRP-LAW-1, IRP-LAW-4
"In 1995, prostitution was depanelized as a voluntary activity, leading to an unregulated and very successful establishment of the sex industry since then" (para 2). "So far, the laws in Spain have been ineffective in tackling the unregulated market of prostitution. Although the activity is allowed, the government draws the limit on the 'carnal pound', meaning no labor rights for sex workers, providing thus an easy outlet for criminality and turning Spain into a magnet for human trafficking and sexual exploitation" (para 4).