Countries: Romania
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1

"Although steps have been made in recent years to narrow the gender gap, access to capital continues to be one of the most significant challenges women face when starting and/or growing their businesses. Nonetheless, supporting this segment transcends its sociological importance. It is a proven fact that women have a significant contribution in all areas of the economy, and the latest numbers in this regard cannot be ignored. There are almost 500,000 women who own or lead companies in Romania, the figure having increased by 6.8% in 2018, compared to 2017. Throughout the years, Garanti Bank Romania has been an active supporter of local businesses and entrepreneurs, including women, by...more

Countries: Romania
Variables: LO-LAW-1

"GO no. 137/2000 protects all individuals regardless of their status. It contains detailed provisions on discrimination, harassment and victimization, and it sets down the sanctions applicable in case these legal provisions are breached. Article 2 paragraph 1 establishes the definition of discrimination as "any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, social status, belief, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, non-contagious chronic disease, HIV infection, membership of a disadvantaged group and any other criteria which has the purpose or the effect of restriction, elimination of recognition, use or exercise of fundamental human rights and freedoms or of rights recognized by the law in the political, economic,...more

Countries: Romania
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1

According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Romania ranks as a Tier 2 country (85).

Countries: Romania
Variables: IRP-LAW-6

"Is there mandatory HIV/STI testing? No" (para 4).

Countries: Romania
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

"Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex is illegal in Romania as is soliciting, which is treated as a public order offence. 'Prostitution' laws were in the penal code and so could result in prison sentence but were recently moved to the administrative law so now subject to fines" (para 1). "Is buying sex criminalised? No" (para 2). Is organising/managing criminalised? Pandering is illegal in Romania, which includes encouraging or facilitating 'prostitution'" (para 3). "Is sex work decriminalised with limited regulation? No" (para 7).

Countries: Romania
Variables: IRP-DATA-2

"Romania, one of the East European nations is plagued by a seedy evil – sex trafficking. It’s Europe’s undisputed sex worker production factory and regional hub of prostitution and escort services. Hundreds and thousands of sex workers and escort girls are groomed in Hungary and later sent to various destinations including Europe, America and wealthy Asian and Middle Eastern countries" (para 2). "Ten years later, in 2010, the United Nations estimated the number of women annually trafficked and sexually exploited in the continent to have increased to 140,000... While the phenomenon of sex trafficking in the post-Soviet space experienced some reduction, the Balkans kept leading the ranking, providing 32% of...more

Countries: Romania
Variables: DV-DATA-1

According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Romania who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 18 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Romania, Serbia, United Kingdom
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1

10

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2

1more

Countries: Romania
Variables: MMR-DATA-1

According to a 2023 report on global trends in maternal mortality from 2000-2020 published by the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and UNDESA/Population Division, in 2020 the maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) in Romania was 10 (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Romania
Variables: DACH-DATA-1

According to the World Bank, as of 2021, life expectancy in Romania is 77 years for women and 69 years for men (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Romania
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

"The causing or facilitation of the practice of prostitution or the obtaining of financial benefits from the practice of prostitution by one or more individuals shall be punishable by no less than 2 and no more than 7 years of imprisonment and a ban on the exercise of certain rights" (p 97).

Countries: Barbados, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden
Variables: BR-DATA-1

"10.7 births per 1000 population"

Countries: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Cameroon, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kosovo, Latvia, Malta, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad/Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: MARR-SCALE-2

2.0

Countries: Romania
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8

"But why songs of incest between spiritual kin, especially at Romanian weddings? I argue that while incest between spiritual kin in marriage songs at weddings may seem inauspicious, it furnishes compelling counterexamples of the behavior that substitute-bridegroom narratives promote and thus important cautionary tales. More often than not, it is shame that characterizes the negative conduct in these stories. Moreover, incest in the marriage songs furnishes a symbolic vehicle for the expression of the cultural boundaries that traditional marriage assumes, among them exogamy, endogamy, and the taboo on adultery. It metaphorically frames one of the most fundamental questions in traditional society and one that is in the forefront during weddings:...more