Countries: Pakistan
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1

"Activists and unionists decided to establish cooperatives where home-based workers could freely discuss their issues, work together, develop their skills and advocate for their rights. The workers had a broad range of concerns beyond a minimum wage, social security and their legal recognition as workers. They also discussed everyday concerns, including transport, electricity, housing security and violence against women" (par. 7). The activists and unionists are discussing the issue of violence against women in Pakistan, suggesting that it is present (IME - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1

"Thousands of home-based workers spread across Pakistan’s Sindh province achieved a historic victory in May 2018 with the enactment of the Sindh HomeBased Workers Act – the first piece of legislation in South Asia solely for home-based workers" (par. 1). "The result of their advocacy, the Sindh Home-Based Workers Act, 2018, was a significant achievement: it gives homeworkers legal recognition as 'employees' and has widespread implications as it applies to all sectors and has the potential to reach many home-based workers. The Act gives approximately 5 million home-based workers in Sindh the right to unionize and bargain collectively, social protection, and access dispute resolution mechanisms" (par. 11). "One of the...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1

"In 2011, realizing that legal rights for home-based workers would not be enacted if home-based workers remained invisible, activists and trade unionists in Pakistan started establishing contact with home-based workers by going house to house and asking workers to tell them about other home-based workers. Activists and unionists decided to establish cooperatives where home-based workers could freely discuss their issues, work together, develop their skills and advocate for their rights. The workers had a broad range of concerns beyond a minimum wage, social security and their legal recognition as workers. They also discussed everyday concerns, including transport, electricity, housing security and violence against women. The home-based workers started approaching Labour...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"Activists and unionists decided to establish cooperatives where home-based workers could freely discuss their issues, work together, develop their skills and advocate for their rights. The workers had a broad range of concerns beyond a minimum wage, social security and their legal recognition as workers. They also discussed everyday concerns, including transport, electricity, housing security and violence against women" (par. 7). If the activists and unionists are discussing concerns about women and transportation, this suggests it is not safe for them to intermingle in public (IME - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1

"The Act was the result of more than two decades of organizing and advocacy, and gives approximately 5 million home-based workers in Sindh the right to unionize and bargain collectively, social protection, and access dispute resolution mechanisms" (par. 1). "In 2011, realizing that legal rights for home-based workers would not be enacted if home-based workers remained invisible, activists and trade unionists in Pakistan started establishing contact with home-based workers by going house to house and asking workers to tell them about other home-based workers. Activists and unionists decided to establish cooperatives where home-based workers could freely discuss their issues, work together, develop their skills and advocate for their rights. The...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1

"Thousands of home-based workers spread across Pakistan’s Sindh province achieved a historic victory in May 2018 with the enactment of the Sindh HomeBased Workers Act – the first piece of legislation in South Asia solely for home-based workers. The Act was the result of more than two decades of organizing and advocacy, and gives approximately 5 million home-based workers in Sindh the right to unionize and bargain collectively, social protection, and access dispute resolution mechanisms" (par. 1-2). "The result of their advocacy, the Sindh Home-Based Workers Act, 2018, was a significant achievement: it gives homeworkers legal recognition as “employees” and has widespread implications as it applies to all sectors and...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: CRPLB-PRACTICE-1

"Home-based workers are treated as independent contractors or micro-businesses even though, in reality, they are disguised employees. They do not have employment contracts, enforceability of minimum wages, access to social security entitlements such as pensions, health coverage or maternity benefits, or access to dispute resolution mechanisms. They bear additional production costs such as the cost of workspace, equipment, materials, electricity and transportation" (par. 4).

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"Top independent human rights experts expressed alarm on Monday at a rise in abductions of girls as young as 13 in Pakistan, who are forced to marry and convert to Islam. In their appeal to the authorities to stop the alleged abuse, the experts warned that teenagers had been 'kidnapped from their families, trafficked … far from their homes (and) made to marry men sometimes twice their age'"(para 1-2). "The rights experts - who report to the Human Rights Council – cited reports suggesting the involvement of religious authorities and the complicity of security forces and the justice system; although they also acknowledged that Pakistan had already made efforts to...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1

"Top independent human rights experts expressed alarm on Monday at a rise in abductions of girls as young as 13 in Pakistan, who are forced to marry and convert to Islam. In their appeal to the authorities to stop the alleged abuse, the experts warned that teenagers had been 'kidnapped from their families, trafficked … far from their homes (and) made to marry men sometimes twice their age'" (para 1-2). "They [the UN experts] said they were 'very concerned' that marriages and conversions have taken place 'under threat of violence to these girls and women or their families.' 'Abductors force their victims to sign documents which falsely attest to their...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1

"They noted that the courts had also sometimes 'misused interpretations of religious law to justify victims remaining with their abusers'" (para 6).

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: AOM-PRACTICE-1

"Top independent human rights experts expressed alarm on Monday at a rise in abductions of girls as young as 13 in Pakistan, who are forced to marry and convert to Islam. In their appeal to the authorities to stop the alleged abuse, the experts warned that teenagers had been 'kidnapped from their families, trafficked … far from their homes (and) made to marry men sometimes twice their age'" (para 1-2). "In a statement urging Pakistan to uphold the rights of women and children, the group of nearly a dozen independent experts and Special Rapporteurs, maintained that Pakistan’s courts had enabled the perpetrators by accepting 'fraudulent evidence' from them, regarding the...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1

"The outdated and illegal custom, known as ghag – a Pashto word meaning proclamation that allows another man to forcibly claim a woman as his intended wife – had reared its head. A man called Mahabat Khan was trying to enforce a ghag on Bibi, and made it clear to the community in the tribal Bajaur district where they lived that he still intended to enforce it. Although Bibi and her family rejected Khan’s proposal when she was a child, she cannot marry anyone else, according to the custom" (para 2-4). "Ghag endures in the north-western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, which borders Afghanistan. The claim is made by sending...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Polygyny legal up to four wives, but only for Muslims. Men must prove ability to financially support multiple wives, existing wives can forbid polygamy in marriage contract" (para 18).

Countries: Albania, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, D R Congo, East Timor, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1

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Countries: Pakistan
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5

"While sources mention the Zina (adultery) offence, there is no information on how often this is actually used against sex workers. Worth noting that in the constitution of Pakistan the State is required to prevent prostitution which is defined as a 'social evil'" (para 4).