The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
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Latest items for North Korea

Dec. 13, 2024, 10:16 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: WAM-PRACTICE-1

"Ahn, who has interviewed many North Korean defectors, said the smuggling in over the past 20 years of a vast amount of South Korean TV dramas and films showing an elevated social status for women is also likely to have influenced women in North Korea not to have many children" (para 34).
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:16 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: GIC-LAW-1

"Meanwhile, the state is understood to provide nurseries to ease the burden of raising children, and offers 77 days of paid leave after childbirth" (para 31). "According to North Korean state media reports this year, the country has introduced a set of benefits for families with three or more children, including preferential free housing arrangements, state subsidies, free food, medicine and household goods and educational perks for children" (para 38).
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:16 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-2

"In the 1980s, one Korean American scholar who visited the country reported an absence of birth control policies, and said North Korean women were being encouraged to have as many as six children" (para 30).
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:16 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: BR-DATA-1

"According to South Korea's government statistics agency, North Korea's total fertility rate, or the average number of babies expected to be born to a woman over her lifetime, was 1.79 in 2022, down from 1.88 in 2014" (para 23). "However, the earlier figure does not paint the full picture, with the average number of children born to women in North Korea decreasing from 6.5 in 1966 to 2.5 in 1988" (para 26).
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-1

“While North Korea is one of the poorest nations in the world, the change in its demographic structure is similar to that of rich countries, some observers say. ‘Many families in North Korea also don't intend to have more than one child these days as they know they need lots of money to raise their kids, send them to school and help them get jobs,’ said Ahn Kyung-su. Ahn, who has interviewed many North Korean defectors, said the smuggling of a vast amount of South Korean TV dramas and movies in the past 20 years that showed an elevated social status for women has also likely influenced women in North...more
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: BR-DATA-1

“While getting a detailed read on North Korea’s population trends is extremely difficult because of the limited statistics it discloses, South Korea’s government assesses that the North’s fertility rate has declined steadily for the past 10 years. That is a concerning development for a country that depends on mobilized labor to help keep its broken, heavily sanctioned economy afloat” (para 2). “According to South Korea’s government statistics agency, North Korea’s total fertility rate, or the average number of babies expected to be born to a woman over her lifetime, was at 1.79 in 2022, down from 1.88 in 2014. The decline is still slower than its wealthier rival South Korea”...more
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: BR-PRACTICE-1

“Kim's latest appeal for women to have more children was made Sunday during the country’s National Mothers Meeting, the first of its kind in 11 years. ‘Stopping the decline in birthrates and providing good child care and education are all our family affairs that we should solve together with our mothers,’ Kim said in his opening speech” (para 3-4). “While North Korea is one of the poorest nations in the world, the change in its demographic structure is similar to that of rich countries, some observers say. Many families in North Korea also don't intend to have more than one child these days as they know they need lots of...more
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1, BR-PRACTICE-2

“North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has said it is a duty of women to halt a fall in the country’s births in order to strengthen national power, state media said Monday, as his government steps up the call for the people to have more children” (para 1). “Kim's latest appeal for women to have more children was made Sunday during the country’s National Mothers Meeting, the first of its kind in 11 years. ‘Stopping the decline in birthrates and providing good child care and education are all our family affairs that we should solve together with our mothers,’ Kim said in his opening speech” (para 3-4).more
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: GIC-LAW-1

“North Korea implemented birth control programs in the 1970-80s to slow a postwar population growth. The country’s fertility rate recorded a major decline following a famine in the mid-1990s that was estimated to have killed hundreds of thousands of people, the Seoul-based Hyundai Research Institute said in a report in August” (para 10). “According to North Korean state media reports this year, the country has introduced a set of benefits for families with three or more children, including preferential free housing arrangements, state subsidies, free food, medicine and household goods and educational perks for children” (para 12).
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

“According to North Korean state media reports this year, the country has introduced a set of benefits for families with three or more children, including preferential free housing arrangements, state subsidies, free food, medicine and household goods and educational perks for children” (para 12).
Nov. 29, 2024, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: WAM-PRACTICE-1, WAM-DATA-1

"Ahn Kyung-su. Ahn, who has interviewed many North Korean defectors, said the smuggling of a vast amount of South Korean TV dramas and movies in the past 20 years that showed an elevated social status for women has also likely influenced women in North Korea not to have many children” (para 9).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-2

"She [Elizabeth Salmon, United Nations special rapporteur on the human rights situation in North Korea] said that the COVID-19 measures were feared to have 'a disproportionate impact on women and girls” there. 'Women must also be under further pressures during the pandemic as market activities, which the women relied on for their living, were greatly reduced due to border closures,' she said.With no alternative source of income, they are still required to feed their family, look after sick family members, while also providing contributions to the state' (para 13-15).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1, TRAFF-PRACTICE-2, MARR-PRACTICE-1

"When women and girls want to leave North Korea, the violence they face ranges from forced marriage to forced prostitution, she [Elizabeth Salmon, United Nations special rapporteur on the human rights situation in North Korea] said" (para 5).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1

"When women and girls want to leave North Korea, the violence they face ranges from forced marriage to forced prostitution, she [Elizabeth Salmon, United Nations special rapporteur on the human rights situation in North Korea] said" (para 5).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"She [Elizabeth Salmon, United Nations special rapporteur on the human rights situation in North Korea] said that the COVID-19 measures were feared to have 'a disproportionate impact on women and girls” there. 'Women must also be under further pressures during the pandemic as market activities, which the women relied on for their living, were greatly reduced due to border closures,' she said.With no alternative source of income, they are still required to feed their family, look after sick family members, while also providing contributions to the state' (para 13-15).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-PRACTICE-4

"COVID-19 measures were feared to have 'a disproportionate impact on women and girls” there. Women must also be under further pressures during the pandemic as market activities, which the women relied on for their living, were greatly reduced due to border closures'" (para 13-14). This implies women are primarily only able to attain employment through market activities (CEC - CODER COMMENT).
Oct. 16, 2024, 11:27 a.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, CL-PRACTICE-2, DLB-DATA-1

"'With no alternative source of income, they [women] are still required to feed their family, look after sick family members, while also providing contributions to the state'" (para 15).
Aug. 10, 2024, 2:57 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Comoros, Ecuador, Fiji, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, North Korea, Peru, Philippines, Taiwan
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6

7.0
May 8, 2024, 2:42 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

"Is selling sex criminalised? Engaging in 'prostitution' is illegal under Article 261 of the Criminal Law" (para 1). "Is buying sex criminalised? Buying sex is also illegal - penalties of up to two years hard labour" (para 2). "Is organising/managing criminalised? Organising prostitution' is illegal and could result in death penalty" (para 3).
May 8, 2024, 2:42 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: IRP-LAW-6

"Is there mandatory HIV/STI testing? Unsure" (para 4).
May 8, 2024, 2:42 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: IRP-LAW-4

"Is there mandatory registration? Unsure" (para 5). Is sex work recognised as work? No" (para 6). Is sex work decriminalised with limited regulation? No" (para 7).
May 2, 2024, 12:44 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: DV-DATA-1

This study administered a cross sectional survey to 383 recently displaced North Korean refugees through respondent driven sampling in South Korea in 2014-2015. Respondents were asked about exposure to any types of IPV, including physical, emotional, sexual violence by their partners over the last 1 year. The study found that 66.7% of men and 52.6% of women experienced IPV in the past year (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
April 18, 2024, 4 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: LO-LAW-1

"The rules of matrimonial property relationships are not stipulated in the family law. Article 7 in ‘Detailed Rules of the Act of Equal Rights for Men and Women (1946)’ specified the common property system, providing that “A husband or a wife owns his or her property which is obtained before marriage. The property gained during the marriage belongs to co-ownership of husband and wife.” In the family law since then, however, the rules of the matrimonial property system have not been stipulated; instead, the home property system was established in the private property system of the Civil Law, which deals with ownership and management of matrimonial property as a part...more
March 31, 2024, 3:14 p.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Chad, China, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, Libya, Nicaragua, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Somalia, South Sudan, Turkmenistan, Venezuela, Yemen
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1

4.0
March 30, 2024, 10:05 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1

According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ranks as a Tier 3 country (85).
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:24 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia
Variables: MMR-SCALE-2

3
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:19 p.m.
Countries: Dominican Republic, North Korea
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1

107
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:15 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Bahamas, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, New Zealand, North Korea, Peru, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam
Variables: ERBG-SCALE-1

0
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2

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Jan. 24, 2024, 3:03 p.m.
Countries: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Palestine, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: DACH-SCALE-1

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