Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"The Law against Trafficking in Persons of 2015 (Law 896) criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking and prescribed penalties ranging from 10 to 15 years’ imprisonment; these penalties were sufficiently stringent and, with respect to sex trafficking, commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. Inconsistent with the definition of trafficking under international law, the law established the use of force, coercion, or deceit as an aggravating factor rather than an essential element of the crime; the penalties increased to 16 to 18 years’ imprisonment for trafficking offenses involving these factors. The penalty for child trafficking increased to 19 to 20 years’ imprisonment. The law also defined...more

Countries: Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Chad, China, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, Libya, Nicaragua, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Somalia, South Sudan, Turkmenistan, Venezuela, Yemen
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1

4.0

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: DV-DATA-1

According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Nicaragua who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 23 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Algeria, Nicaragua, Philippines
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1

78

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2

1more

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: MMR-DATA-1

According to a 2023 report on global trends in maternal mortality from 2000-2020 published by the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and UNDESA/Population Division, in 2020 the maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) in Nicaragua was 78 (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: DACH-DATA-1

According to the World Bank, as of 2021, life expectancy in Nicaragua is 77 years for women and 71 years for men (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Algeria, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Oman, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Variables: BR-SCALE-1

1

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1

"In the intestate succession, neither the sex nor the primogeniture" (109). "The following are called to the intestate succession: 1º The legitimate descendants of the deceased. 2º Their legitimate ancestors. 3º The legitimate collaterals. 4th The natural children or natural grandchildren. 5º Their natural parents or natural grandparents. 6º The natural brothers. 7º The surviving spouse. 8º The municipalities. The order of succession is that indicated in the subsequent title" (109-110). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 1904) relating to inheritance are still current as of December 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting The Women, Business, and the Law database for...more

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"At the heart of the system of production, consumption and commerce are rural families, in which women participate actively on an equal basis in the various production chains, which in turn contributes to their empowerment and economic independence." (29).

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: ASR-DATA-1

"Through its National Institute of Technology, Nicaragua has been running technical education programmes to provide women and men with technical skills. Women’s participation in these programmes has increased, notably in specialisms that were previously open only to men, in particular in the industrial, construction, agricultural and forestry sectors." (7-8). "The Gender Commission of the Supreme Court has been established. It is composed of the Court’s five female judges and the gender secretariat and is responsible for implementing the gender equality policy. A greater number of public defenders have been made available to users of the justice system and have served 186,791 women. Training on gender-sensitive human rights and development has...more

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: ATC-DATA-3

"Nicaragua respects independence, sovereignty and national self-determination as inalienable rights whose violation puts people’s lives at risk. Since the extradition of Nicaraguans from the national territory is not permitted under the Nicaraguan Constitution, Nicaragua is unable to sign and ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women because articles 1 and 2 of the Optional Protocol are contrary to those constitutional provisions. The Convention is nevertheless recognized and implemented by the National Assembly, which has been bringing the country’s legal framework into line with international conventions." (6).

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: LO-LAW-1

"The Property Office has prioritized women in land titling plans, providing legal certainty regarding their right to housing. From 2007 to 2018, the Government issued 395,167 land titles…"(8). "Programmes have been launched to ease access to capital for women organized in solidarity groups by granting them loans at fair interest rates and providing goods and production inputs to strengthen their economic entrepreneurship and production capacities. The Usura Cero (Zero Usury) microcredit programme financed 510,454 loans between 2007 and 2018."(10). "Access to credit in Nicaragua was extremely limited and no provision was made in the national development plan for the period 2000–2007 for options enabling women to obtain finance. The Government...more

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: LR-DATA-1

"Nicaragua is engaged in a permanent battle against illiteracy. In 2007, it ran a national literacy campaign, entitled 'From Martí to Fidel', that led to a reduction in the illiteracy rate from 22 percent in 2006 to 3 percent in 2010. As a result of this historic achievement, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization declared Nicaragua free of illiteracy. From 2007 to 2018, 717,583 women, mainly from rural areas, were taught to read and write." (19).

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2

"Special Police Units for Women had been operating in Nicaragua since 1996 to support women, children and adolescents in situations of domestic and sexual violence. In 2006, this became a national specialism when the Directorate of the Special Police Unit for Women and Children was created (provision 023/06). In 2007, investigation, prevention, information and criminal analysis were enhanced. The work of the special units received national and international recognition in 2012. All psychologists have specialized as forensic psychologists and all social workers have received specialist training in social inquiry. The network of promoters and volunteers has been expanded, with 4,080 trained in prevention and victim support at 162 of the...more