Latest items for New Zealand
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-2
"Our coloured women and children from rural areas are most at risk, are preyed upon more by traffickers, because they know desperate people will do anything to protect their children and their families" (para 17).
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-2
"Our coloured women and children from rural areas are most at risk, are preyed upon more by traffickers, because they know desperate people will do anything to protect their children and their families" (para 17).
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"It is important to note that our Maori families are mostly from rural areas, many of our children are not in school for lack of resources, children run away from home from lack of support, perhaps family violence, alcohol and drug use, sexual abuse within the family or community and run away to cities like Auckland to make money. But when they arrive, choices are limited, girls as young as 12 have no formal education, they are limited in what they can do. For some there are no choices. Here they may get mixed up with gangs, selling drugs, and prostitution" (para 9).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"It is important to note that our Maori families are mostly from rural areas, many of our children are not in school for lack of resources, children run away from home from lack of support, perhaps family violence, alcohol and drug use, sexual abuse within the family or community and run away to cities like Auckland to make money. But when they arrive, choices are limited, girls as young as 12 have no formal education, they are limited in what they can do. For some there are no choices. Here they may get mixed up with gangs, selling drugs, and prostitution" (para 9).
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"Those in our rural areas are most at risk of trafficking, and exploitation, they are our most vulnerable, majority coloured, living in poverty, family violence, abuse, lack of education, and resources" (para 8). "It is important to note that our Maori families are mostly from rural areas, many of our children are not in school for lack of resources, children run away from home from lack of support, perhaps family violence, alcohol and drug use, sexual abuse within the family or community and run away to cities like Auckland to make money. But when they arrive, choices are limited, girls as young as 12 have no formal education, they are...more
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"Those in our rural areas are most at risk of trafficking, and exploitation, they are our most vulnerable, majority coloured, living in poverty, family violence, abuse, lack of education, and resources" (para 8). "It is important to note that our Maori families are mostly from rural areas, many of our children are not in school for lack of resources, children run away from home from lack of support, perhaps family violence, alcohol and drug use, sexual abuse within the family or community and run away to cities like Auckland to make money. But when they arrive, choices are limited, girls as young as 12 have no formal education, they are...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: MURDER-DATA-2, DV-DATA-1
"Māori and Pasifika women are beaten and killed by their partners at the highest rates in New Zealand. Research shows up to 80 percent of Māori and Pacifica women will experience family and sexual violence in their lifetime. They are three times more likely to be killed by a partner than Caucasian women" (para 18).
Variables: MURDER-DATA-2, DV-DATA-1
"Māori and Pasifika women are beaten and killed by their partners at the highest rates in New Zealand. Research shows up to 80 percent of Māori and Pacifica women will experience family and sexual violence in their lifetime. They are three times more likely to be killed by a partner than Caucasian women" (para 18).
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-DATA-1
"In New Zealand the sex trade is overwhelmingly made up of Māori and Pasifika women who are disproportionately represented. Māori and Pasifika women make up about 16% of the NZ population, so it is alarming that they represent 31.7% in the sex trade – more than any other ethnicity. They are paid the least, are at higher risk of experiencing violence and abuse, and are bought from the most dangerous settings such as on the streets, or lower end unregistered massage parlours. Both are more likely than Pakeha (Causcasians) to enter the sex trade under the age of 16 due to poverty, and other factors. Already we have heard stories...more
Variables: IRP-DATA-1
"In New Zealand the sex trade is overwhelmingly made up of Māori and Pasifika women who are disproportionately represented. Māori and Pasifika women make up about 16% of the NZ population, so it is alarming that they represent 31.7% in the sex trade – more than any other ethnicity. They are paid the least, are at higher risk of experiencing violence and abuse, and are bought from the most dangerous settings such as on the streets, or lower end unregistered massage parlours. Both are more likely than Pakeha (Causcasians) to enter the sex trade under the age of 16 due to poverty, and other factors. Already we have heard stories...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-DATA-3
"In New Zealand the sex trade is overwhelmingly made up of Māori and Pasifika women who are disproportionately represented. Māori and Pasifika women make up about 16% of the NZ population, so it is alarming that they represent 31.7% in the sex trade – more than any other ethnicity. They are paid the least, are at higher risk of experiencing violence and abuse, and are bought from the most dangerous settings such as on the streets, or lower end unregistered massage parlours. Both are more likely than Pakeha (Causcasians) to enter the sex trade under the age of 16 due to poverty, and other factors. Already we have heard stories...more
Variables: IRP-DATA-3
"In New Zealand the sex trade is overwhelmingly made up of Māori and Pasifika women who are disproportionately represented. Māori and Pasifika women make up about 16% of the NZ population, so it is alarming that they represent 31.7% in the sex trade – more than any other ethnicity. They are paid the least, are at higher risk of experiencing violence and abuse, and are bought from the most dangerous settings such as on the streets, or lower end unregistered massage parlours. Both are more likely than Pakeha (Causcasians) to enter the sex trade under the age of 16 due to poverty, and other factors. Already we have heard stories...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Recently five men were arrested in relation to underage sex trafficking in Northland, a rural region in New Zealand. They faced charges under the Prostitution Reform Act. Due to the inadequacy of New Zealand’s prostitution legislation, Marcus Barker — the first of the five men to be sentenced — received 12 months home detention for the charge of 'unlawful sexual connection with a 15-year-old, receiving sexual services from her, and arranging for her to supply sexual services'. His sentence sets the tone for subsequent sentences relating to the case, as they must be consistent" (para 6). "In 2003 NZ adopted the full decriminalisation of prostitution law, a law that only...more
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Recently five men were arrested in relation to underage sex trafficking in Northland, a rural region in New Zealand. They faced charges under the Prostitution Reform Act. Due to the inadequacy of New Zealand’s prostitution legislation, Marcus Barker — the first of the five men to be sentenced — received 12 months home detention for the charge of 'unlawful sexual connection with a 15-year-old, receiving sexual services from her, and arranging for her to supply sexual services'. His sentence sets the tone for subsequent sentences relating to the case, as they must be consistent" (para 6). "In 2003 NZ adopted the full decriminalisation of prostitution law, a law that only...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"The sex trade and exploitation is so normalised in New Zealand that the media quite often minimises any abuse or violence reported by those in the sex trade, especially of children, by referring to them with terms like 'the victim’s boyfriend.' The media minimises this abuse instead of focusing on the grooming, coercion, trafficking, and exploitation they experience. This is most disappointing and frustrating, as just like sexual abuse, rape, and domestic violence were once taboo subjects that no one wanted to hear about, the violence, racism, and discrimination against women and children of colour in the sex trade is being swept under the carpet. Recently five men were arrested...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"The sex trade and exploitation is so normalised in New Zealand that the media quite often minimises any abuse or violence reported by those in the sex trade, especially of children, by referring to them with terms like 'the victim’s boyfriend.' The media minimises this abuse instead of focusing on the grooming, coercion, trafficking, and exploitation they experience. This is most disappointing and frustrating, as just like sexual abuse, rape, and domestic violence were once taboo subjects that no one wanted to hear about, the violence, racism, and discrimination against women and children of colour in the sex trade is being swept under the carpet. Recently five men were arrested...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-4
"Trauma-informed services are desperately needed in New Zealand, services that are culturally focused and culturally represented for those who are experiencing violence in the sex trade and want an option to exit. We also need services in prevention. If our rural communities have the support, services to prevent families having to prostitute their children for survival, if they have support and services to prevent them being vulnerable and targets for traffickers then we already begin to create change where it truly matters and where it is really needed. While there are services for domestic violence and family violence, there are no services for coloured women and children who are being...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-4
"Trauma-informed services are desperately needed in New Zealand, services that are culturally focused and culturally represented for those who are experiencing violence in the sex trade and want an option to exit. We also need services in prevention. If our rural communities have the support, services to prevent families having to prostitute their children for survival, if they have support and services to prevent them being vulnerable and targets for traffickers then we already begin to create change where it truly matters and where it is really needed. While there are services for domestic violence and family violence, there are no services for coloured women and children who are being...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"According to a World Health Organisation study, Maori girls suffer roughly twice as much sexual abuse as European girls – 30.5 per cent of Maori compared with 17 per cent of Europeans in Auckland, and 35.1 per cent of Maori compared with 20.7 per cent of Europeans in one of our rural areas in northern Waikato" (para 8). "Research shows up to 80 percent of Māori and Pacifica women will experience family and sexual violence in their lifetime" (para 18). "It is well documented that violence against Māori and Pasifika women and children are getting worse. Sexual violence is normalised in New Zealand to the point that violence in all...more
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"According to a World Health Organisation study, Maori girls suffer roughly twice as much sexual abuse as European girls – 30.5 per cent of Maori compared with 17 per cent of Europeans in Auckland, and 35.1 per cent of Maori compared with 20.7 per cent of Europeans in one of our rural areas in northern Waikato" (para 8). "Research shows up to 80 percent of Māori and Pacifica women will experience family and sexual violence in their lifetime" (para 18). "It is well documented that violence against Māori and Pasifika women and children are getting worse. Sexual violence is normalised in New Zealand to the point that violence in all...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"It has been 20 years since the Prostitution Reform Act was passed into law in New Zealand and it continues to fail women, particularly Māori, Pasifika, and Indigenous women and those experiencing poverty, homelessness, family violence, and domestic violence. Full Decriminalisation has normalised violence against women and children. It has enabled and encouraged violence against women and children rather than reducing it" (para 24-25).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"It has been 20 years since the Prostitution Reform Act was passed into law in New Zealand and it continues to fail women, particularly Māori, Pasifika, and Indigenous women and those experiencing poverty, homelessness, family violence, and domestic violence. Full Decriminalisation has normalised violence against women and children. It has enabled and encouraged violence against women and children rather than reducing it" (para 24-25).
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"Research shows up to 80 percent of Māori and Pacifica women will experience family and sexual violence in their lifetime. They are three times more likely to be killed by a partner than Caucasian women. Māori and Pacifica women are judged and treated poorly when they do seek help from social services and law enforcement. The fear of having children removed if they do report a crime is a real fear amongst Māori and Pasifika communities" (para 18).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"Research shows up to 80 percent of Māori and Pacifica women will experience family and sexual violence in their lifetime. They are three times more likely to be killed by a partner than Caucasian women. Māori and Pacifica women are judged and treated poorly when they do seek help from social services and law enforcement. The fear of having children removed if they do report a crime is a real fear amongst Māori and Pasifika communities" (para 18).
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1
"Debbie Baker, the manager of Streetreach, a group supporting street sex workers, reported that she knew of at least 12 girls between 11 and 15 'out there selling themselves for sex' in the central city" (para 10). "While there are services for domestic violence and family violence, there are no services for coloured women and children who are being exploited within the sex trade, who are living with vulnerabilities that remove their choice and make them vulnerable to exploitation. This is why Wahine Toa Rising was born. We saw an urgent need to have a space where vulnerable women and children, especially those of colour, could be heard, seen, valued...more
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1
"Debbie Baker, the manager of Streetreach, a group supporting street sex workers, reported that she knew of at least 12 girls between 11 and 15 'out there selling themselves for sex' in the central city" (para 10). "While there are services for domestic violence and family violence, there are no services for coloured women and children who are being exploited within the sex trade, who are living with vulnerabilities that remove their choice and make them vulnerable to exploitation. This is why Wahine Toa Rising was born. We saw an urgent need to have a space where vulnerable women and children, especially those of colour, could be heard, seen, valued...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-2
"Wahine Toa Rising has been running as a non-incorporated organisation since 2019. During that time, we have supported over 100 women and children being exploited in the sex trade. We have shared our experiences and our hearts at many events in Government and communities. But what is even more exciting is that in 2019 we began with two survivor voices and now we have 10" (para 45).
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-2
"Wahine Toa Rising has been running as a non-incorporated organisation since 2019. During that time, we have supported over 100 women and children being exploited in the sex trade. We have shared our experiences and our hearts at many events in Government and communities. But what is even more exciting is that in 2019 we began with two survivor voices and now we have 10" (para 45).
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"It is my hope that by sharing my heart, my own lived experience as a coloured woman in the sex trade that I can begin to create change not only throughout communities but also within Government" (para 36).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"It is my hope that by sharing my heart, my own lived experience as a coloured woman in the sex trade that I can begin to create change not only throughout communities but also within Government" (para 36).
Jan. 10, 2025, 7 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
"Police are powerless to act for lack of resources. All they can do if they find a young girl being sold and bought for sex is take them home, where they are probably still going to be abused, and then they are back on the street within days, as the money goes to their families" (para 34).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
"Police are powerless to act for lack of resources. All they can do if they find a young girl being sold and bought for sex is take them home, where they are probably still going to be abused, and then they are back on the street within days, as the money goes to their families" (para 34).
Dec. 31, 2024, 4:46 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand, Poland
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
17
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
17
Dec. 26, 2024, 2:20 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
“Sex workers are now less tolerant of poor working conditions and expect safe environments that will uphold their rights. They expect the justice system to safeguard these labour and human rights. Successful prosecutions have taken place against those who seek to harm sex workers, such as violent offenders or brothel operators who have sexually harassed sex worker” (para 11).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
“Sex workers are now less tolerant of poor working conditions and expect safe environments that will uphold their rights. They expect the justice system to safeguard these labour and human rights. Successful prosecutions have taken place against those who seek to harm sex workers, such as violent offenders or brothel operators who have sexually harassed sex worker” (para 11).
Dec. 26, 2024, 2:20 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
“The committee released its review on time in 2008. It found that the number of sex workers had not increased and that most sex workers were better off following decriminalisation. Another study noted that ‘The most commonly observed impact [of the PRA] was an improved sense of well-being in sex workers, attributed to their new rights and to the fact that sex work was no longer deemed ‘criminal’’” (para 10). “Sex workers are now less tolerant of poor working conditions and expect safe environments that will uphold their rights. They expect the justice system to safeguard these labour and human rights. Successful prosecutions have taken place against those who seek...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
“The committee released its review on time in 2008. It found that the number of sex workers had not increased and that most sex workers were better off following decriminalisation. Another study noted that ‘The most commonly observed impact [of the PRA] was an improved sense of well-being in sex workers, attributed to their new rights and to the fact that sex work was no longer deemed ‘criminal’’” (para 10). “Sex workers are now less tolerant of poor working conditions and expect safe environments that will uphold their rights. They expect the justice system to safeguard these labour and human rights. Successful prosecutions have taken place against those who seek...more
Dec. 26, 2024, 2:18 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
“The impacts of decriminalisation in New Zealand are well documented. Research, which informed the evaluation of the PRA carried out by a review committee five years after it was passed, provided compelling evidence that decriminalisation is a legislative approach that works. In this study, over 90 per cent of participants reported feeling that they had rights after the law change. The power of these rights was demonstrated in 2014 when a sex worker won a sexual harassment case against a brothel operator. Research has also found that decriminalisation results in improved relationships between police and street-based sex workers, since the police are no longer required to enforce soliciting laws, meaning...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
“The impacts of decriminalisation in New Zealand are well documented. Research, which informed the evaluation of the PRA carried out by a review committee five years after it was passed, provided compelling evidence that decriminalisation is a legislative approach that works. In this study, over 90 per cent of participants reported feeling that they had rights after the law change. The power of these rights was demonstrated in 2014 when a sex worker won a sexual harassment case against a brothel operator. Research has also found that decriminalisation results in improved relationships between police and street-based sex workers, since the police are no longer required to enforce soliciting laws, meaning...more
Dec. 26, 2024, 2:17 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
“An in-depth review in 2023 revealed similar concerns, and pointed out that brothel inspections, which were mandated by the legislation are not happening” (para 10).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5
“An in-depth review in 2023 revealed similar concerns, and pointed out that brothel inspections, which were mandated by the legislation are not happening” (para 10).
Dec. 26, 2024, 2:17 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
“A 2008 Review by the Ministry of Justice showed that decriminalisation has not stopped violence against women in [prostitution]. This is explained in a 2016 report from the Stop Demand Foundation, from which we include material in this submission” (para 8).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
“A 2008 Review by the Ministry of Justice showed that decriminalisation has not stopped violence against women in [prostitution]. This is explained in a 2016 report from the Stop Demand Foundation, from which we include material in this submission” (para 8).
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: LBHO-DATA-1
"Her government was the most diverse in New Zealand’s history — more than half of the lawmakers in office are women" (para 13).
Variables: LBHO-DATA-1
"Her government was the most diverse in New Zealand’s history — more than half of the lawmakers in office are women" (para 13).
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-2, LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"Female politicians across the spectrum now say they face extraordinary abuse from a misogynistic and sometimes scary slice of the population. Some women say they did not seek office because of safety fears" (para 3). "'As soon as Jacinda showed a different style of leadership which is more feminine in nature than other people have been allowed to be, there was huge pushback,' said Suzanne Manning, the president of the National Council of Women New Zealand. 'It’s designed to silence women,' and some decided to stay out of politics over safety concerns, she said. Nicola Willis, the dynamic deputy leader of the National Party, who is widely expected to helm...more
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-2, LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"Female politicians across the spectrum now say they face extraordinary abuse from a misogynistic and sometimes scary slice of the population. Some women say they did not seek office because of safety fears" (para 3). "'As soon as Jacinda showed a different style of leadership which is more feminine in nature than other people have been allowed to be, there was huge pushback,' said Suzanne Manning, the president of the National Council of Women New Zealand. 'It’s designed to silence women,' and some decided to stay out of politics over safety concerns, she said. Nicola Willis, the dynamic deputy leader of the National Party, who is widely expected to helm...more
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: VOTE-LAW-1
"Ahead of next month’s polls, and 130 years after New Zealand became the first country to grant women the vote, the political landscape is in many ways unrecognizable from the era of former Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, whose pursuit of women’s rights and gun control transformed her country’s image abroad" (para 2).
Variables: VOTE-LAW-1
"Ahead of next month’s polls, and 130 years after New Zealand became the first country to grant women the vote, the political landscape is in many ways unrecognizable from the era of former Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, whose pursuit of women’s rights and gun control transformed her country’s image abroad" (para 2).
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: GP-DATA-1
"The last time New Zealanders voted in a general election, they were choosing between two women who were self-professed feminists. Three years later, in a sign of how sharply the pendulum has swung, they will pick between two men named Chris. Ahead of next month’s polls, and 130 years after New Zealand became the first country to grant women the vote, the political landscape is in many ways unrecognizable from the era of former Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, whose pursuit of women’s rights and gun control transformed her country’s image abroad" (para 1-2). "It is a daunting legacy for Ms. Ardern, who became a global liberal icon but whose government...more
Variables: GP-DATA-1
"The last time New Zealanders voted in a general election, they were choosing between two women who were self-professed feminists. Three years later, in a sign of how sharply the pendulum has swung, they will pick between two men named Chris. Ahead of next month’s polls, and 130 years after New Zealand became the first country to grant women the vote, the political landscape is in many ways unrecognizable from the era of former Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, whose pursuit of women’s rights and gun control transformed her country’s image abroad" (para 1-2). "It is a daunting legacy for Ms. Ardern, who became a global liberal icon but whose government...more
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3
"Under Ms. Ardern, they say, New Zealand extended paid parental leave from about four months to six months, decriminalized abortion, introduced free menstruation products in schools and strengthened pay equity and domestic violence laws" (para 13). "Women’s issues, which were at the center of Ms. Ardern’s platform, have scarcely featured in the election campaign of the two main parties. One issue that has — paid parental leave for non-birth parents — has struggled to find momentum or consensus, as lawmakers across the political aisle have stymied one another’s efforts" (para 21).
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3
"Under Ms. Ardern, they say, New Zealand extended paid parental leave from about four months to six months, decriminalized abortion, introduced free menstruation products in schools and strengthened pay equity and domestic violence laws" (para 13). "Women’s issues, which were at the center of Ms. Ardern’s platform, have scarcely featured in the election campaign of the two main parties. One issue that has — paid parental leave for non-birth parents — has struggled to find momentum or consensus, as lawmakers across the political aisle have stymied one another’s efforts" (para 21).
Dec. 6, 2024, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, ABO-LAW-1
"Under Ms. Ardern, they say, New Zealand extended paid parental leave from about four months to six months, decriminalized abortion, introduced free menstruation products in schools and strengthened pay equity and domestic violence laws" (para 13).
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, ABO-LAW-1
"Under Ms. Ardern, they say, New Zealand extended paid parental leave from about four months to six months, decriminalized abortion, introduced free menstruation products in schools and strengthened pay equity and domestic violence laws" (para 13).
Aug. 10, 2024, 2:57 a.m.
Countries: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
1.0
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
1.0
May 23, 2024, 10:23 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1
"The Crimes Act of 1961, as amended in 2015, criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Section 98D (trafficking in persons) criminalized all forms of labor trafficking and some forms of sex trafficking and prescribed penalties of up to 20 years’ imprisonment, a fine not exceeding 500,000 New Zealand dollars (NZD) ($317,460), or both; these penalties were sufficiently stringent and, with respect to the forms of sex trafficking covered under the provision, commensurate with the penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. Inconsistent with international law, section 98D required a demonstration of deception or coercion to constitute a child sex trafficking offense, and therefore did not criminalize all forms...more
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1
"The Crimes Act of 1961, as amended in 2015, criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Section 98D (trafficking in persons) criminalized all forms of labor trafficking and some forms of sex trafficking and prescribed penalties of up to 20 years’ imprisonment, a fine not exceeding 500,000 New Zealand dollars (NZD) ($317,460), or both; these penalties were sufficiently stringent and, with respect to the forms of sex trafficking covered under the provision, commensurate with the penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. Inconsistent with international law, section 98D required a demonstration of deception or coercion to constitute a child sex trafficking offense, and therefore did not criminalize all forms...more