Countries: Italy
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

"In some countries, like Italy, there seems to be an incoherent mish-mash of regulations regarding sex work. In Italy, prostitution is legal, but pimping and brothels are not – but to add to the complexity, regions and municipalities are allowed to enforce their own regulations, as long as they do not ban the practice" (para 16).

Countries: Italy
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Article 601 of the penal code criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking and prescribed penalties of eight to 20 years’ imprisonment, which increased by one third to one half if the crime involved a child victim...Authorities utilized additional penal code provisions to prosecute trafficking crimes. Article 600 criminalized placing or holding a person in conditions of slavery or servitude, and Article 602 criminalized the sale and purchase of slaves – both prescribed the same penalties as Article 601. Additionally, Article 600-bis criminalized offenses relating to child sex trafficking and prescribed punishments of six to 12 years’ imprisonment and a fine." (3).

Countries: Albania, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, D R Congo, East Timor, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1

2.0more

Countries: Italy
Variables: DV-DATA-1

According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Italy who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 16 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkmenistan
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1

5

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2

1more

Countries: Italy
Variables: MMR-DATA-1

According to a 2023 report on global trends in maternal mortality from 2000-2020 published by the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and UNDESA/Population Division, in 2020 the maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) in Italy was 5 (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Italy
Variables: DACH-DATA-1

According to the World Bank, as of 2021, life expectancy in Italy is 85 years for women and 81 years for men (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Italy
Variables: GP-DATA-3

“Emiliana De Blasio, adviser for diversity and inclusion at LUISS University in Rome, told CNN Meloni is ‘not raising up at all questions on women’s rights and empowerment in general’” (para 22). If no institution like this currently exists, Meloni is not likely to create one (ET - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Italy
Variables: ABO-PRACTICE-1

“A 45-year-old mother from Rome, Meloni is deeply conservative, openly anti-LBGT, and has threatened to place same-sex unions, which were legalized in Italy in 2016, under review. She has also called abortion a ‘tragedy,' raising fears for the future of women’s rights in the country”(para 10).

Countries: Italy
Variables: CONST-LAW-1

“In a Facebook post, [former prime minister Giuseppe Conte] promised to lead an ‘uncompromising opposition... We will be the outpost for the progressive agenda against inequalities, to protect families and businesses in difficulty, to defend the rights and values of our Constitution’” (para 12-13). Equality in family and business is a right and value found in the constitution (ET - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Italy
Variables: GP-DATA-1

“Brothers of Italy leader Giorgia Meloni has claimed victory in a general election that seems set to install her as Italy’s first female prime minister, leading the most far-right government since the fascist era of Benito Mussolini” (para 1). “And while Meloni is slated to make history as Italy’s first female prime minister, her politics do not mean that she is necessarily interested in advancing women’s rights” (para 21).

Countries: Italy
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

“Brothers of Italy leader Giorgia Meloni has claimed victory in a general election that seems set to install her as Italy’s first female prime minister, leading the most far-right government since the fascist era of Benito Mussolini” (para 1). Meloni's comfortability running for prime minister and being the face of the election indicates women are comfortable in public spaces (ET - CODER COMMENT). “Addressing the media and supporters in the early hours of Monday morning [after the election], Meloni said it was ‘a night of pride for many and a night of redemption... It’s a victory I want to dedicate to everyone who is no longer with us and wanted...more

Countries: Italy
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1

“Addressing the media and supporters in the early hours of Monday morning [after the election], Meloni said it was ‘a night of pride for many and a night of redemption... It’s a victory I want to dedicate to everyone who is no longer with us and wanted this night,’ she said. ‘Starting tomorrow we have to show our value … Italians chose us, and we will not betray it, as we never have,’ she said” (para 2-3). Meloni's victory speech reflects accomplishment for her party rather than for women at large. It is notable for a female politician to campaign and be elected without founding her platform on women's issues...more

Countries: Italy
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1

“‘Undoubtedly we cannot, in light of the data seen so far, not attribute the victory to the right dragged by Giorgia Meloni. It is a sad evening for the country,’ Serracchiani told reporters” (para 15). Incentives and quotas often presume that mostly men are in leadership positions, intentionally distributing some of their power to women. In this case, however, Meloni is valiently leading her party without requiring sanction by men (ET - CODER COMMENT).