Latest items for Iraq
Jan. 10, 2025, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
"Along with an increase in violence against women and girls following the March 2003 invasion, there was a rapid increase in prostitution in Iraq" (para 8).
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
"Along with an increase in violence against women and girls following the March 2003 invasion, there was a rapid increase in prostitution in Iraq" (para 8).
Jan. 10, 2025, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1
"Girls and young women who are deemed to not be ‘virgins’ are outcast by their families or even murdered" (para 9).
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1
"Girls and young women who are deemed to not be ‘virgins’ are outcast by their families or even murdered" (para 9).
Jan. 10, 2025, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-3
"Girls and young women who are deemed to not be ‘virgins’ are outcast by their families or even murdered and there are limited options for women to earn an independent living" (para 9).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-3
"Girls and young women who are deemed to not be ‘virgins’ are outcast by their families or even murdered and there are limited options for women to earn an independent living" (para 9).
Jan. 10, 2025, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"We recently heard from a young Iraqi woman, Dareen, who lives in Baghdad. She told us that she’d never believed that prostitution was simply a matter of a woman’s choice as most people in her country seem to accept" (para 1). "There are many factors in Iraq that make women end up in prostitution. For example, gender, racial, and class inequality, domestic violence, rape and sexual harassment by family members, and poverty, government corruption, war and human trafficking all play a part in leading many Iraqi women into prostitution – and the worst part is the stigma attached to the women" (para 4). "Along with an increase in violence against...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"We recently heard from a young Iraqi woman, Dareen, who lives in Baghdad. She told us that she’d never believed that prostitution was simply a matter of a woman’s choice as most people in her country seem to accept" (para 1). "There are many factors in Iraq that make women end up in prostitution. For example, gender, racial, and class inequality, domestic violence, rape and sexual harassment by family members, and poverty, government corruption, war and human trafficking all play a part in leading many Iraqi women into prostitution – and the worst part is the stigma attached to the women" (para 4). "Along with an increase in violence against...more
Jan. 10, 2025, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"In Iraq, if the police do enforce the law, action is usually taken against the women while the pimps and sex buyers are given impunity. Sometimes they even help the pimps and brothel owners to continue – while brutally abusing the women who end up in jail" (para 11). This indicates that there is a law against prostitution, and it is rarely enforced, and when it is, it is not to the benefit of women [MB2-CODER COMMENT].
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"In Iraq, if the police do enforce the law, action is usually taken against the women while the pimps and sex buyers are given impunity. Sometimes they even help the pimps and brothel owners to continue – while brutally abusing the women who end up in jail" (para 11). This indicates that there is a law against prostitution, and it is rarely enforced, and when it is, it is not to the benefit of women [MB2-CODER COMMENT].
Jan. 10, 2025, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"In Iraq, if the police do enforce the law, action is usually taken against the women while the pimps and sex buyers are given impunity. Sometimes they even help the pimps and brothel owners to continue – while brutally abusing the women who end up in jail" (para 11).
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5, DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"In Iraq, if the police do enforce the law, action is usually taken against the women while the pimps and sex buyers are given impunity. Sometimes they even help the pimps and brothel owners to continue – while brutally abusing the women who end up in jail" (para 11).
Dec. 31, 2024, 4:46 p.m.
Countries: Algeria, Bolivia, Cambodia, Chad, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Eritrea, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Swaziland, Vanuatu, Venezuela
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
16
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
16
Dec. 17, 2024, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Amal Kabashi, from the Iraq Women’s Network advocacy group, said the amendment 'provides huge leeway for male dominance over family issues' in an already conservative society. Activists have demonstrated against the proposed changes and were planning to protest again later Thursday in Baghdad" (para 5).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Amal Kabashi, from the Iraq Women’s Network advocacy group, said the amendment 'provides huge leeway for male dominance over family issues' in an already conservative society. Activists have demonstrated against the proposed changes and were planning to protest again later Thursday in Baghdad" (para 5).
Dec. 17, 2024, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-LAW-5
"Rights advocates are alarmed by a bill introduced to Iraq’s parliament that, they fear, would roll back women’s rights and increase underage marriage in the deeply patriarchal society. The bill would allow citizens to choose from religious authorities or the civil judiciary to decide on family affairs. Critics fear this would lead to a slashing of rights in matters of inheritance, divorce and child custody. In particular, they are worried it would effectively scrap the minimum age for Muslim girls to marry, which is set in the 1959 Personal Status Law at 18 — charges lawmakers supporting the changes have denied" (para 1-3). "The 1959 legislation passed shortly after the...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-5
"Rights advocates are alarmed by a bill introduced to Iraq’s parliament that, they fear, would roll back women’s rights and increase underage marriage in the deeply patriarchal society. The bill would allow citizens to choose from religious authorities or the civil judiciary to decide on family affairs. Critics fear this would lead to a slashing of rights in matters of inheritance, divorce and child custody. In particular, they are worried it would effectively scrap the minimum age for Muslim girls to marry, which is set in the 1959 Personal Status Law at 18 — charges lawmakers supporting the changes have denied" (para 1-3). "The 1959 legislation passed shortly after the...more
Dec. 17, 2024, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
"Rights advocates are alarmed by a bill introduced to Iraq’s parliament that, they fear, would roll back women’s rights and increase underage marriage in the deeply patriarchal society. The bill would allow citizens to choose from religious authorities or the civil judiciary to decide on family affairs. Critics fear this would lead to a slashing of rights in matters of inheritance, divorce and child custody. In particular, they are worried it would effectively scrap the minimum age for Muslim girls to marry, which is set in the 1959 Personal Status Law at 18 — charges lawmakers supporting the changes have denied" (para 1-3). "The new bill gives Shiite and Sunni...more
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
"Rights advocates are alarmed by a bill introduced to Iraq’s parliament that, they fear, would roll back women’s rights and increase underage marriage in the deeply patriarchal society. The bill would allow citizens to choose from religious authorities or the civil judiciary to decide on family affairs. Critics fear this would lead to a slashing of rights in matters of inheritance, divorce and child custody. In particular, they are worried it would effectively scrap the minimum age for Muslim girls to marry, which is set in the 1959 Personal Status Law at 18 — charges lawmakers supporting the changes have denied" (para 1-3). "The new bill gives Shiite and Sunni...more
Dec. 17, 2024, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"According to the United Nations children’s agency, UNICEF, 28 per cent of girls in Iraq are already married before the age of 18" (para 4). "HRW warned earlier this year that religious leaders in Iraq conduct thousands of unregistered marriages each year, including child marriages, in violation of the current law" (para 19).
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"According to the United Nations children’s agency, UNICEF, 28 per cent of girls in Iraq are already married before the age of 18" (para 4). "HRW warned earlier this year that religious leaders in Iraq conduct thousands of unregistered marriages each year, including child marriages, in violation of the current law" (para 19).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:38 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: PW-LAW-1
"Legal and recognized (except for Kurdistan)" (para 18).
Variables: PW-LAW-1
"Legal and recognized (except for Kurdistan)" (para 18).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-1
"The education ministry has stipulated that the veil should not be compulsory in schools. However, the 2005 Iraqi constitution states that Islam is the official state religion and should be the 'foundation source' of legislation. Occasionally, female students and some teachers share their experiences online using hashtags that highlight their oppression, such as '#educationalterrorism' and '#notothecompulsoryveil'. Former students have also talked about the role of the 'communicators of the message' – females affiliated to political parties or religious institutions who spread Islamic notions and urge younger students to wear the hijab" (para 14-16).
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-1
"The education ministry has stipulated that the veil should not be compulsory in schools. However, the 2005 Iraqi constitution states that Islam is the official state religion and should be the 'foundation source' of legislation. Occasionally, female students and some teachers share their experiences online using hashtags that highlight their oppression, such as '#educationalterrorism' and '#notothecompulsoryveil'. Former students have also talked about the role of the 'communicators of the message' – females affiliated to political parties or religious institutions who spread Islamic notions and urge younger students to wear the hijab" (para 14-16).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1
"The education ministry has stipulated that the veil should not be compulsory in schools. However, the 2005 Iraqi constitution states that Islam is the official state religion and should be the 'foundation source' of legislation" (para 14).
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1
"The education ministry has stipulated that the veil should not be compulsory in schools. However, the 2005 Iraqi constitution states that Islam is the official state religion and should be the 'foundation source' of legislation" (para 14).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MABFC-DATA-1
"Girls are also at an increased risk of dropping out as they progress through education, with one in 14 girls in Iraq aged between 15 and 19 giving birth, according to estimates by the charity Save the Children" (para 10).
Variables: MABFC-DATA-1
"Girls are also at an increased risk of dropping out as they progress through education, with one in 14 girls in Iraq aged between 15 and 19 giving birth, according to estimates by the charity Save the Children" (para 10).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LR-DATA-1
"As of 2017, Iraq had the lowest female literacy rate (79.9%) in the region, below the global average of 83.3%" (para 11).
Variables: LR-DATA-1
"As of 2017, Iraq had the lowest female literacy rate (79.9%) in the region, below the global average of 83.3%" (para 11).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Coming home late in the evening as a young girl in the southern Iraqi city of Basra, Zainab, then 15, feared each day could be the last time she could go to school. Living in a conservative district in Basra province, where females out alone in the evening are frowned upon, Zainab’s family were... concerned about her safety. Her school, like many in Iraq, had been forced to divide and rotate pupils into morning, afternoon and evening shifts" (para 1-2).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Coming home late in the evening as a young girl in the southern Iraqi city of Basra, Zainab, then 15, feared each day could be the last time she could go to school. Living in a conservative district in Basra province, where females out alone in the evening are frowned upon, Zainab’s family were... concerned about her safety. Her school, like many in Iraq, had been forced to divide and rotate pupils into morning, afternoon and evening shifts" (para 1-2).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In 2004, a study published by the Iraqi education ministry and Unicef found the education system lacked the basics necessary to provide children with adequate education, especially girls, whose enrolment was lower than boys across all grades. It has not improved over the past two decades. Only 6% of the state budget has been allocated to education despite its importance for economic growth. For girls, education opens up new possibilities through career development or entrepreneurship, as well as the potential for them to create more economic opportunities for others" (para 8-9).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"In 2004, a study published by the Iraqi education ministry and Unicef found the education system lacked the basics necessary to provide children with adequate education, especially girls, whose enrolment was lower than boys across all grades. It has not improved over the past two decades. Only 6% of the state budget has been allocated to education despite its importance for economic growth. For girls, education opens up new possibilities through career development or entrepreneurship, as well as the potential for them to create more economic opportunities for others" (para 8-9).
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"Coming home late in the evening as a young girl in the southern Iraqi city of Basra, Zainab, then 15, feared each day could be the last time she could go to school. Living in a conservative district in Basra province, where females out alone in the evening are frowned upon, Zainab’s family were not happy about it. They were also concerned about her safety. Her school, like many in Iraq, had been forced to divide and rotate pupils into morning, afternoon and evening shifts as there were not enough buildings available to accommodate all the students at once" (para 1-2). "The education system had already been affected by a...more
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"Coming home late in the evening as a young girl in the southern Iraqi city of Basra, Zainab, then 15, feared each day could be the last time she could go to school. Living in a conservative district in Basra province, where females out alone in the evening are frowned upon, Zainab’s family were not happy about it. They were also concerned about her safety. Her school, like many in Iraq, had been forced to divide and rotate pupils into morning, afternoon and evening shifts as there were not enough buildings available to accommodate all the students at once" (para 1-2). "The education system had already been affected by a...more
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: AFE-LAW-1
"[A]rticle 34 of the Iraqi constitution... stipulates that primary education should be free and obligatory for all children" (para 11). "The fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 didn’t mean that existing laws changed overnight. This includes a penal code from 1969 that enables parents and teachers to 'discipline children'. The education ministry has stipulated that the veil should not be compulsory in schools. However, the 2005 Iraqi constitution states that Islam is the official state religion and should be the 'foundation source' of legislation" (para 13-14). The ability of parents and teachers to discipline children and the frequence with which they are required to wear veils may, through legal means,...more
Variables: AFE-LAW-1
"[A]rticle 34 of the Iraqi constitution... stipulates that primary education should be free and obligatory for all children" (para 11). "The fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 didn’t mean that existing laws changed overnight. This includes a penal code from 1969 that enables parents and teachers to 'discipline children'. The education ministry has stipulated that the veil should not be compulsory in schools. However, the 2005 Iraqi constitution states that Islam is the official state religion and should be the 'foundation source' of legislation" (para 13-14). The ability of parents and teachers to discipline children and the frequence with which they are required to wear veils may, through legal means,...more
Oct. 22, 2024, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: AFE-DATA-1
"Unicef estimates that about 3.2 million school-age Iraqi children are out of school" (para 5). "In 2004, a study published by the Iraqi education ministry and Unicef found the education system lacked the basics necessary to provide children with adequate education, especially girls, whose enrolment was lower than boys across all grades" (para 8).
Variables: AFE-DATA-1
"Unicef estimates that about 3.2 million school-age Iraqi children are out of school" (para 5). "In 2004, a study published by the Iraqi education ministry and Unicef found the education system lacked the basics necessary to provide children with adequate education, especially girls, whose enrolment was lower than boys across all grades" (para 8).
Aug. 10, 2024, 2:57 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
15.0
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
15.0
May 23, 2024, 10:02 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1
"Iraq’s 2012 anti-trafficking law criminalized forced labor and some forms of sex trafficking. Inconsistent with the definition of trafficking under international law, the anti-trafficking law required a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion to constitute a child sex trafficking offense and therefore did not criminalize all forms of child sex trafficking. The anti-trafficking law prescribed penalties of up to 15 years’ imprisonment and a fine for trafficking offenses involving adult male victims, and up to life imprisonment and a fine if the offense involved an adult female or child victim. These penalties were sufficiently stringent, and with respect to sex trafficking, commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such...more
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1
"Iraq’s 2012 anti-trafficking law criminalized forced labor and some forms of sex trafficking. Inconsistent with the definition of trafficking under international law, the anti-trafficking law required a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion to constitute a child sex trafficking offense and therefore did not criminalize all forms of child sex trafficking. The anti-trafficking law prescribed penalties of up to 15 years’ imprisonment and a fine for trafficking offenses involving adult male victims, and up to life imprisonment and a fine if the offense involved an adult female or child victim. These penalties were sufficiently stringent, and with respect to sex trafficking, commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such...more
May 9, 2024, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex is criminalised. Is buying sex criminalised? Yes - buying sex is criminalised. Is organising/managing criminalised? Yes - brothel-keeping and brokerage criminalised and punishable by life imprisonment.
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex is criminalised. Is buying sex criminalised? Yes - buying sex is criminalised. Is organising/managing criminalised? Yes - brothel-keeping and brokerage criminalised and punishable by life imprisonment.
April 12, 2024, 5:27 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1
"[Iraq] continues to prevent women from passing their citizenship to their children on an equal basis as men, if the child were born abroad" (para 6).
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1
"[Iraq] continues to prevent women from passing their citizenship to their children on an equal basis as men, if the child were born abroad" (para 6).
March 31, 2024, 3:14 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Belarus, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Bulgaria, Congo, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Montenegro, Mozambique, Serbia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Swaziland, Syria, Trinidad/Tobago, Vanuatu, Vietnam
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1
3.0
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1
3.0
March 30, 2024, 10:05 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Iraq ranks as a Tier 2 Watch List country (85).
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Iraq ranks as a Tier 2 Watch List country (85).
Feb. 2, 2024, 6:33 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: DV-DATA-1
According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Iraq who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 26 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: DV-DATA-1
According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Iraq who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 26 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:24 p.m.
Countries: Algeria, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Barbados, Bhutan, Brazil, Brunei, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Guatemala, Honduras, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Libya, Maldives, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Suriname, Tunisia, Vanuatu
Variables: MMR-SCALE-2
2
Variables: MMR-SCALE-2
2
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:19 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1
76
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1
76