Latest items for Iraq
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes. Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach...more
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes. Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls" (1).
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls" (1).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes" (1).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes" (1).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes. Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes. Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-LAW-4
"The Penal Code also allows perpetrators of rape or sexual assault to escape prosecution or have their sentences quashed if they marry their victim" (5).
Variables: LRW-LAW-4
"The Penal Code also allows perpetrators of rape or sexual assault to escape prosecution or have their sentences quashed if they marry their victim" (5).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (2).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (2).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Iraqi judges have told Human Rights Watch that provision 4 is all-encompassing and indirectly includes crimes such as rape and other crimes committed by ISIS members" (1). "Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (2).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Iraqi judges have told Human Rights Watch that provision 4 is all-encompassing and indirectly includes crimes such as rape and other crimes committed by ISIS members" (1). "Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (2).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls" (1). "This is despite large amounts of documentation by various organizations of crimes against victims including interviews and forensic tests undertaken for instance by the Committee of Gathering Evidence of ISIS’s crimes (Genocide Committee). Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (1-2).
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls" (1). "This is despite large amounts of documentation by various organizations of crimes against victims including interviews and forensic tests undertaken for instance by the Committee of Gathering Evidence of ISIS’s crimes (Genocide Committee). Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (1-2).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: WR-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Women unable to obtain death certificates for their spouses are unable to inherit property or remarry for several years" (5).
Variables: WR-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Women unable to obtain death certificates for their spouses are unable to inherit property or remarry for several years" (5).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes. Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls. However, in our research we found no case where an ISIS member has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes. Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1
"There is some limited psycho-social assistance, and initiatives for survivors the means to earn their livelihoods, for Yezidi survivors of violence in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, but this could be strengthened" (2). "On April 7, 2019, the President submitted the draft Law on Support to Yazidi Women Survivors (Draft Law) to parliament. The draft, which was shared with Human Rights Watch, aims to rehabilitate, reintegrate and provide economic empowerment to Yezidi female survivors, as well as to provide symbolic recognition of genocide committed against Yezidis. However, there are a number of shortcomings including that the definition of survivors relates only to Yezidi women who were kidnapped by ISIS and...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1
"There is some limited psycho-social assistance, and initiatives for survivors the means to earn their livelihoods, for Yezidi survivors of violence in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, but this could be strengthened" (2). "On April 7, 2019, the President submitted the draft Law on Support to Yazidi Women Survivors (Draft Law) to parliament. The draft, which was shared with Human Rights Watch, aims to rehabilitate, reintegrate and provide economic empowerment to Yezidi female survivors, as well as to provide symbolic recognition of genocide committed against Yezidis. However, there are a number of shortcomings including that the definition of survivors relates only to Yezidi women who were kidnapped by ISIS and...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach makes it less likely that the process will establish a more comprehensive judicial record of the crimes committed, and gather the evidence of these crimes from witnesses and victims. The overreliance on counterterrorism laws also makes it less likely that the process will prioritize and punish the most serious offenses committed...more
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach makes it less likely that the process will establish a more comprehensive judicial record of the crimes committed, and gather the evidence of these crimes from witnesses and victims. The overreliance on counterterrorism laws also makes it less likely that the process will prioritize and punish the most serious offenses committed...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: GEW-DATA-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls" (1). "This is despite large amounts of documentation by various organizations of crimes against victims including interviews and forensic tests undertaken for instance by the Committee of Gathering Evidence of ISIS’s crimes (Genocide Committee). Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (1-2). "While the Yezidi community leaders have welcomed back women and girl victims...more
Variables: GEW-DATA-1
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by Islamic State (also known as ISIS) forces of Yezidi women and girls" (1). "This is despite large amounts of documentation by various organizations of crimes against victims including interviews and forensic tests undertaken for instance by the Committee of Gathering Evidence of ISIS’s crimes (Genocide Committee). Even in cases in which defendants have admitted to subjecting Yezidi women to sexual slavery, prosecutors have still neglected to charge them with rape, which carries a sentence of up to 15 years" (1-2). "While the Yezidi community leaders have welcomed back women and girl victims...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-2
"According to a 2014 UNAMI Human Rights Office report, there are very few working shelters and many victims of domestic violence are often sent to temporarily stay in female prisons. A proposed amendment to the draft law would provide for the establishment of government shelters in coordination with local women’s rights organizations but it is silent about privately-run shelters for survivors of domestic violence. Existing women’s rights organizations with such shelters have often been physically attacked and threatened and faced hostility from some government officials" (6).
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-2
"According to a 2014 UNAMI Human Rights Office report, there are very few working shelters and many victims of domestic violence are often sent to temporarily stay in female prisons. A proposed amendment to the draft law would provide for the establishment of government shelters in coordination with local women’s rights organizations but it is silent about privately-run shelters for survivors of domestic violence. Existing women’s rights organizations with such shelters have often been physically attacked and threatened and faced hostility from some government officials" (6).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: DV-LAW-1
"While the Iraqi constitution expressly prohibits 'all forms of violence and abuse in the family,' only the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has a law on domestic violence. Iraq’s Anti-Violence against Women Strategy (2013-2017), adopted in March 2013, and the National Strategy on Advancement of Women in Iraq, adopted in 2014, both called for legislation on domestic violence/violence against women. Iraq’s criminal code does not criminalize domestic violence and only general provisions relating to assault could apply in such instances. However, several provisions in the criminal code enable impunity for violence against women including domestic violence. Article 41(1) of the Penal Code provides that 'the punishment of a wife by her...more
Variables: DV-LAW-1
"While the Iraqi constitution expressly prohibits 'all forms of violence and abuse in the family,' only the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has a law on domestic violence. Iraq’s Anti-Violence against Women Strategy (2013-2017), adopted in March 2013, and the National Strategy on Advancement of Women in Iraq, adopted in 2014, both called for legislation on domestic violence/violence against women. Iraq’s criminal code does not criminalize domestic violence and only general provisions relating to assault could apply in such instances. However, several provisions in the criminal code enable impunity for violence against women including domestic violence. Article 41(1) of the Penal Code provides that 'the punishment of a wife by her...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: DV-DATA-1
"Domestic violence remains a serious problem in Iraq. A 2012 Ministry of Planning study found that at least 36 percent of married women reported experiencing some form of psychological abuse from their husbands, 23 percent to verbal abuse, 6 percent to physical violence, and 9 percent to sexual violence" (5).
Variables: DV-DATA-1
"Domestic violence remains a serious problem in Iraq. A 2012 Ministry of Planning study found that at least 36 percent of married women reported experiencing some form of psychological abuse from their husbands, 23 percent to verbal abuse, 6 percent to physical violence, and 9 percent to sexual violence" (5).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"Women and children who are foreign nationals and accused of affiliation with ISIS have been subjected to rushed proceedings, lack of due process, and unfair convictions and sentences. Most of the foreign women and children held in Iraq belong to a group of more than 1,300 foreigners detained by Iraqi forces in August 2017 during the battle for the ISIS stronghold of Tal Afar in the northwest of Iraq. A security source told AFP news agency that the group was composed of 509 women and 813 children, though the overall number of foreign women and children in detention is believed to be higher based on information from sources close to...more
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"Women and children who are foreign nationals and accused of affiliation with ISIS have been subjected to rushed proceedings, lack of due process, and unfair convictions and sentences. Most of the foreign women and children held in Iraq belong to a group of more than 1,300 foreigners detained by Iraqi forces in August 2017 during the battle for the ISIS stronghold of Tal Afar in the northwest of Iraq. A security source told AFP news agency that the group was composed of 509 women and 813 children, though the overall number of foreign women and children in detention is believed to be higher based on information from sources close to...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1, MURDER-LAW-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"In addition, the Penal Code also provides for mitigated sentences for violent acts including murder for so-called 'honorable motives' or if catching his wife or female relative in the act of adultery/sex outside of marriage" (5).
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1, MURDER-LAW-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"In addition, the Penal Code also provides for mitigated sentences for violent acts including murder for so-called 'honorable motives' or if catching his wife or female relative in the act of adultery/sex outside of marriage" (5).
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"Despite fighting between Iraqi forces and ISIS subsiding, an estimated 1.8 million people remain displaced—450,000 of them across 109 camps and another 1.2 million in private or informal housing arrangements. They are uniquely vulnerable to abuse. Some are being forced to return home to unsafe conditions, where they risk landmines, revenge attacks from neighbors, or forced recruitment into local armed groups. Some are being prevented from returning home and are effectively detained in camps. In 2019, humanitarian workers in Iraq identified 242 distinct areas in Iraq where families have not been able to return even though the fighting ended, because areas have yet to be cleared of landmines, explosives, and...more
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"Despite fighting between Iraqi forces and ISIS subsiding, an estimated 1.8 million people remain displaced—450,000 of them across 109 camps and another 1.2 million in private or informal housing arrangements. They are uniquely vulnerable to abuse. Some are being forced to return home to unsafe conditions, where they risk landmines, revenge attacks from neighbors, or forced recruitment into local armed groups. Some are being prevented from returning home and are effectively detained in camps. In 2019, humanitarian workers in Iraq identified 242 distinct areas in Iraq where families have not been able to return even though the fighting ended, because areas have yet to be cleared of landmines, explosives, and...more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: CLCW-LAW-2
"An Interior Ministry official estimated that 250,000 people from families with perceived ISIS affiliation could not return home because of objections by federal or local authorities or communities. This is partly because Iraqis need 'security clearance' to replace any missing civil documentation. Based on estimates by aid groups, in early 2019 at least 156,000 displaced people are missing at least some of their essential civil documentation. ISIS authorities, during the rule between 2014-2017, regularly confiscated official documentation and issued their own, which the Iraqi authorities do not recognize. In addition, state security forces confiscated some families’ documents as they fled fighting or when they arrived at camps for displaced people....more
Variables: CLCW-LAW-2
"An Interior Ministry official estimated that 250,000 people from families with perceived ISIS affiliation could not return home because of objections by federal or local authorities or communities. This is partly because Iraqis need 'security clearance' to replace any missing civil documentation. Based on estimates by aid groups, in early 2019 at least 156,000 displaced people are missing at least some of their essential civil documentation. ISIS authorities, during the rule between 2014-2017, regularly confiscated official documentation and issued their own, which the Iraqi authorities do not recognize. In addition, state security forces confiscated some families’ documents as they fled fighting or when they arrived at camps for displaced people....more
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-1
"In addition, people missing documentation cannot get a job or health care or apply for welfare benefits in Iraq. They cannot get birth certificates for new-born children or children born under ISIS control. Children denied birth certificates are not allowed to enroll in school and are at risk of statelessness" (4).
Variables: CLCC-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-1
"In addition, people missing documentation cannot get a job or health care or apply for welfare benefits in Iraq. They cannot get birth certificates for new-born children or children born under ISIS control. Children denied birth certificates are not allowed to enroll in school and are at risk of statelessness" (4).
Jan. 28, 2025, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: AOM-PRACTICE-1
"UNICEF reported in April 2023 that 28% of girls are married before the legal age of 18, although under Iraqi law, girls as young as 15 can be married with the consent of judges and their parents" (para 22).
Variables: AOM-PRACTICE-1
"UNICEF reported in April 2023 that 28% of girls are married before the legal age of 18, although under Iraqi law, girls as young as 15 can be married with the consent of judges and their parents" (para 22).
Jan. 28, 2025, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
"If lawmakers pass proposed amendments to Iraq’s Personal Status Law [they] could allow marriage for girls as young as 9, as well as give religious authorities the power to decide on family affairs including marriage, divorce and the care of children" (para 4). "UNICEF reported in April 2023 that 28% of girls are married before the legal age of 18, although under Iraqi law, girls as young as 15 can be married with the consent of judges and their parents" (para 22). "The newly proposed amendments would take a large amount of decision-making power away from both families and the courts and place it into the hands of clerics, some...more
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
"If lawmakers pass proposed amendments to Iraq’s Personal Status Law [they] could allow marriage for girls as young as 9, as well as give religious authorities the power to decide on family affairs including marriage, divorce and the care of children" (para 4). "UNICEF reported in April 2023 that 28% of girls are married before the legal age of 18, although under Iraqi law, girls as young as 15 can be married with the consent of judges and their parents" (para 22). "The newly proposed amendments would take a large amount of decision-making power away from both families and the courts and place it into the hands of clerics, some...more
Jan. 28, 2025, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-3
"'My mother never let me [victim of child marriage, and later divorce] leave the house because she felt ashamed of what the neighbors would think,' she said. 'Even my siblings didn’t treat me well. I became like a servant in the house, having to serve everyone'" (para 17). This indicates cultural stigma on the woman for divorce (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-3
"'My mother never let me [victim of child marriage, and later divorce] leave the house because she felt ashamed of what the neighbors would think,' she said. 'Even my siblings didn’t treat me well. I became like a servant in the house, having to serve everyone'" (para 17). This indicates cultural stigma on the woman for divorce (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 28, 2025, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-5
"'Changing the law will give parents the right to sell their young daughters,' Batta [a child bride] said in a telephone interview last month. 'I don’t want to call it marriage, because when a girl gets married at the age of 9 or 10, it means her family has sold her. It also allows men to exploit the poverty that many Iraqi families are experiencing'" (para 5). "Later, she [child bride] said, she learned that her father had received 15 million Iraqi dinars, or around $11,300, from the man, part of which he used to buy a new taxi" (para 11).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-5
"'Changing the law will give parents the right to sell their young daughters,' Batta [a child bride] said in a telephone interview last month. 'I don’t want to call it marriage, because when a girl gets married at the age of 9 or 10, it means her family has sold her. It also allows men to exploit the poverty that many Iraqi families are experiencing'" (para 5). "Later, she [child bride] said, she learned that her father had received 15 million Iraqi dinars, or around $11,300, from the man, part of which he used to buy a new taxi" (para 11).
Jan. 28, 2025, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
"If lawmakers pass proposed amendments to Iraq’s Personal Status Law [they] could allow marriage for girls as young as 9, as well as give religious authorities the power to decide on family affairs including marriage, divorce and the care of children" (para 4).
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
"If lawmakers pass proposed amendments to Iraq’s Personal Status Law [they] could allow marriage for girls as young as 9, as well as give religious authorities the power to decide on family affairs including marriage, divorce and the care of children" (para 4).
Jan. 28, 2025, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-2
"Adopted in 1959, the current law unifies all segments of society under a single code while enshrining the rights of women and children. As well as setting the age of marriage, it addressed child custody, inheritances and alimony payments focused on the welfare of both children and women. The law 'was one of the most progressive in the Middle East,' according to Renad Mansour, a senior research fellow at the London-based Chatham House think tank. It had survived 'regime changes, wars, civil wars and conflicts throughout many, many decades,' he said. The newly proposed amendments would take a large amount of decision-making power away from both families and the courts...more
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-2
"Adopted in 1959, the current law unifies all segments of society under a single code while enshrining the rights of women and children. As well as setting the age of marriage, it addressed child custody, inheritances and alimony payments focused on the welfare of both children and women. The law 'was one of the most progressive in the Middle East,' according to Renad Mansour, a senior research fellow at the London-based Chatham House think tank. It had survived 'regime changes, wars, civil wars and conflicts throughout many, many decades,' he said. The newly proposed amendments would take a large amount of decision-making power away from both families and the courts...more
Jan. 24, 2025, 7:30 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he law is vague and does not fully account for the ways by which women and girls were systemically and en masse forced or otherwise coerced into marriages with Daesh fighters. This gap is a particular risk as Iraq continues to prosecute people for 'membership or support' of a terrorist organization, potentially including women and girls whose only 'membership or support' of Daesh was having been forcibly married to a Daesh fighter. Although forced marriage is prohibited, the Iraqi Government makes few efforts to enforce the law, and traditional forced marriages of girls continue, especially in rural and Daesh-controlled areas" (5). "This breadth allows for the gendered harms perpetrated by...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he law is vague and does not fully account for the ways by which women and girls were systemically and en masse forced or otherwise coerced into marriages with Daesh fighters. This gap is a particular risk as Iraq continues to prosecute people for 'membership or support' of a terrorist organization, potentially including women and girls whose only 'membership or support' of Daesh was having been forcibly married to a Daesh fighter. Although forced marriage is prohibited, the Iraqi Government makes few efforts to enforce the law, and traditional forced marriages of girls continue, especially in rural and Daesh-controlled areas" (5). "This breadth allows for the gendered harms perpetrated by...more
Jan. 24, 2025, 7:30 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Article 9 of Iraq’s Personal Status Law criminalizes forced marriage: 'no relative or non-relative has the right to force marriage on any person, whether male or female, without their consent.' Where there has been a forced marriage, either a specialized 'personal status' court or the victim must refer the case to criminal justice authorities. Article 9 further establishes that '[t]he contract of a forced marriage is considered void if the marriage is not yet consummated.' However, the law does not automatically void forced marriages that have been consummated" (5). "Iraq’s Personal Status Law Article 9 does not define the types of actions that constitute marriage by 'force' (e.g. by threats...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"Article 9 of Iraq’s Personal Status Law criminalizes forced marriage: 'no relative or non-relative has the right to force marriage on any person, whether male or female, without their consent.' Where there has been a forced marriage, either a specialized 'personal status' court or the victim must refer the case to criminal justice authorities. Article 9 further establishes that '[t]he contract of a forced marriage is considered void if the marriage is not yet consummated.' However, the law does not automatically void forced marriages that have been consummated" (5). "Iraq’s Personal Status Law Article 9 does not define the types of actions that constitute marriage by 'force' (e.g. by threats...more
Jan. 24, 2025, 7:30 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
"This breadth allows for the gendered harms perpetrated by Daesh, including rape, sexual assault, trafficking, slavery, forced and child marriage, to be fully captured —and is therefore essential to ensuring full gender justice for Daesh crimes" (6). "Daesh intentionally targeted Yazidi women and girls for destruction with acts including killing, rape, forcible transfer, and enslavement" (6).
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
"This breadth allows for the gendered harms perpetrated by Daesh, including rape, sexual assault, trafficking, slavery, forced and child marriage, to be fully captured —and is therefore essential to ensuring full gender justice for Daesh crimes" (6). "Daesh intentionally targeted Yazidi women and girls for destruction with acts including killing, rape, forcible transfer, and enslavement" (6).