Latest items for Indonesia
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
"Additionally, gender-based violence is a reality for many women [in Indonesia], with 348,446 recorded cases in 2017" (para. 6).
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
"Additionally, gender-based violence is a reality for many women [in Indonesia], with 348,446 recorded cases in 2017" (para. 6).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"KAPAL Perempuan [an Indonesian NGO] has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages across Indonesia. With newly gained skills such as reading, writing and financial literacy, women are often able to establish small businesses and achieve economic independence. These schools teach more than letters and numbers – they share knowledge with village women about their rights" (para 10-11). The final sentence of this quote indicates that gender issues, specifically women's rights, are discussed in an educational setting alongside other subjects (NAC - CODER COMMENT). "In a culture where women’s voices are not heard in public forums, the schools represent a safe environment where women can discuss issues that affect their...more
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"KAPAL Perempuan [an Indonesian NGO] has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages across Indonesia. With newly gained skills such as reading, writing and financial literacy, women are often able to establish small businesses and achieve economic independence. These schools teach more than letters and numbers – they share knowledge with village women about their rights" (para 10-11). The final sentence of this quote indicates that gender issues, specifically women's rights, are discussed in an educational setting alongside other subjects (NAC - CODER COMMENT). "In a culture where women’s voices are not heard in public forums, the schools represent a safe environment where women can discuss issues that affect their...more
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1
"There’s no question that government needs to take drastic action on these issues, but our project starts to piece together the big picture of the work civil society organisations are doing to improve gender equality. One is the Female-Headed Household Empowerment Program, or PEKKA, which supports women to secure social protection programs in health and education through accessing identity cards. Another, Migrant Care, works to protect female migrant workers from exploitation. Islamic women’s organisation ‘Aisyiyah has improved access to and cultural acceptance of reproductive health services like pap smears and breast cancer screening. BaKTI works to reduce violence against women. KAPAL Perempuan has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages...more
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1
"There’s no question that government needs to take drastic action on these issues, but our project starts to piece together the big picture of the work civil society organisations are doing to improve gender equality. One is the Female-Headed Household Empowerment Program, or PEKKA, which supports women to secure social protection programs in health and education through accessing identity cards. Another, Migrant Care, works to protect female migrant workers from exploitation. Islamic women’s organisation ‘Aisyiyah has improved access to and cultural acceptance of reproductive health services like pap smears and breast cancer screening. BaKTI works to reduce violence against women. KAPAL Perempuan has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages...more
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: MMR-DATA-1
"Often, poor women don’t have the basic paperwork, know-how or confidence needed to access programs like health cards. Access to health services is also limited, particularly in remote parts of the archipelago and maternal mortality rates are high" (para. 5). Though this quote does not give quantitative data, it does offer valuable qualitative information regarding maternal mortality rates (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MMR-DATA-1
"Often, poor women don’t have the basic paperwork, know-how or confidence needed to access programs like health cards. Access to health services is also limited, particularly in remote parts of the archipelago and maternal mortality rates are high" (para. 5). Though this quote does not give quantitative data, it does offer valuable qualitative information regarding maternal mortality rates (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LO-DATA-1
"KAPAL Perempuan has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages across Indonesia. With newly gained skills such as reading, writing and financial literacy, women are often able to establish small businesses and achieve economic independence" (para. 10).
Variables: LO-DATA-1
"KAPAL Perempuan has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages across Indonesia. With newly gained skills such as reading, writing and financial literacy, women are often able to establish small businesses and achieve economic independence" (para. 10).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-1, LDS-PRACTICE-2
"Meanwhile poor women are also vulnerable to manipulation by middlemen that organise migrant labour in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Oman and Malaysia" (para. 6).
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-1, LDS-PRACTICE-2
"Meanwhile poor women are also vulnerable to manipulation by middlemen that organise migrant labour in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Oman and Malaysia" (para. 6).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"While gender quotas for parliamentary candidates have been in place since 2003 and there are several female ministers, at the village level, politics is still a man’s domain" (para. 25). This quote indicates that, while quotas do exist for women's political participation, they are not successful at the local/village level (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
"While gender quotas for parliamentary candidates have been in place since 2003 and there are several female ministers, at the village level, politics is still a man’s domain" (para. 25). This quote indicates that, while quotas do exist for women's political participation, they are not successful at the local/village level (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"While gender quotas for parliamentary candidates have been in place since 2003 and there are several female ministers, at the village level, politics is still a man’s domain" (para. 25). This quote indicates that, while quotas do exist for women's politi
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2
"While gender quotas for parliamentary candidates have been in place since 2003 and there are several female ministers, at the village level, politics is still a man’s domain" (para. 25). This quote indicates that, while quotas do exist for women's politi
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"In many rural and peri-urban areas, poverty levels are high and education levels are low, and entrenched cultural beliefs keep women in the home and out of public life" (para. 4)."Many of the women at the school in the Pangkajene Kepulauan islands, off the coast of South Sulawesi, tell the same story. In their village, they explain, there is the belief that if men do domestic work, their lives will be short" (para. 12).
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"In many rural and peri-urban areas, poverty levels are high and education levels are low, and entrenched cultural beliefs keep women in the home and out of public life" (para. 4)."Many of the women at the school in the Pangkajene Kepulauan islands, off the coast of South Sulawesi, tell the same story. In their village, they explain, there is the belief that if men do domestic work, their lives will be short" (para. 12).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1
"Often, poor women don’t have the basic paperwork, know-how or confidence needed to access programs like health cards. Access to health services is also limited, particularly in remote parts of the archipelago and maternal mortality rates are high" (para. 5).
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1
"Often, poor women don’t have the basic paperwork, know-how or confidence needed to access programs like health cards. Access to health services is also limited, particularly in remote parts of the archipelago and maternal mortality rates are high" (para. 5).
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-1
"Progress like this takes time, but many civil society organisations are seeing a butterfly effect. Where women were once too intimidated to set foot in the village office, they now regularly approach village leaders, take the steps necessary to access services and voice their opinions in village planning meetings" (para. 19-20)."While gender quotas for parliamentary candidates have been in place since 2003 and there are several female ministers, at the village level, politics is still a man’s domain. Village heads are usually men and women have been unwelcome or absent at village planning meetings. Inevitable, then, that it is still men who decide how money is spent" (para. 25-26).more
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-1
"Progress like this takes time, but many civil society organisations are seeing a butterfly effect. Where women were once too intimidated to set foot in the village office, they now regularly approach village leaders, take the steps necessary to access services and voice their opinions in village planning meetings" (para. 19-20)."While gender quotas for parliamentary candidates have been in place since 2003 and there are several female ministers, at the village level, politics is still a man’s domain. Village heads are usually men and women have been unwelcome or absent at village planning meetings. Inevitable, then, that it is still men who decide how money is spent" (para. 25-26).more
Oct. 17, 2025, 3:04 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"KAPAL Perempuan [an Indonesian NGO] has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages across Indonesia. With newly gained skills such as reading, writing and financial literacy, women are often able to establish small businesses and achieve economic independence. These schools teach more than letters and numbers – they share knowledge with village women about their rights" (para. 10-11).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"KAPAL Perempuan [an Indonesian NGO] has established informal women’s schools in 25 villages across Indonesia. With newly gained skills such as reading, writing and financial literacy, women are often able to establish small businesses and achieve economic independence. These schools teach more than letters and numbers – they share knowledge with village women about their rights" (para. 10-11).
Sept. 4, 2025, 12:23 p.m.
Countries: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: AFE-SCALE-1
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Variables: AFE-SCALE-1
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June 24, 2025, 9:07 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: AFE-DATA-1
The gender parity index (GPI) for gross secondary school enrollment (i.e. the ratio of gross enrollment of girls to gross enrollment of boys at the secondary level) is 1.03. This number was found by using the World Bank's data for secondary school gross enrollment for girls and boys. As of 2023, the gross enrollment rate for females is 99% while the gross enrollment rate for males is 96%. (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: AFE-DATA-1
The gender parity index (GPI) for gross secondary school enrollment (i.e. the ratio of gross enrollment of girls to gross enrollment of boys at the secondary level) is 1.03. This number was found by using the World Bank's data for secondary school gross enrollment for girls and boys. As of 2023, the gross enrollment rate for females is 99% while the gross enrollment rate for males is 96%. (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: SMES-LAW-1
"Based on the Lokataru organization (2019), during the period of 2015-2018 there is still a gender disparity in provisioning this assistance, among others is that the PBI [Premium Assistance Beneficiaries] scheme of NHS [National Health Scheme] participation is based on the family card and based on husband’s account as the head of the family. This policy makes it difficult for women to access health services, especially for women as heads of families, because the basis of this assistance is the identity of the husband as the head of the family" (13).
Variables: SMES-LAW-1
"Based on the Lokataru organization (2019), during the period of 2015-2018 there is still a gender disparity in provisioning this assistance, among others is that the PBI [Premium Assistance Beneficiaries] scheme of NHS [National Health Scheme] participation is based on the family card and based on husband’s account as the head of the family. This policy makes it difficult for women to access health services, especially for women as heads of families, because the basis of this assistance is the identity of the husband as the head of the family" (13).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: PW-PRACTICE-3
"[M]any wives decided to withdraw their complaints and accepted that their husband took a second wife otherwise she will loss the rights to take care of her children" (20).
Variables: PW-PRACTICE-3
"[M]any wives decided to withdraw their complaints and accepted that their husband took a second wife otherwise she will loss the rights to take care of her children" (20).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1
"But the school was, in fact, simply following a regional bylaw, implemented since 2005, requiring all female students to wear headscarves" (5-6).
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1
"But the school was, in fact, simply following a regional bylaw, implemented since 2005, requiring all female students to wear headscarves" (5-6).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"A state-owned technical school in Padang, West Sumatra Province had been forcing all female students, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, to wear the headscarves. The issue came to national attention after a mother of a non-Muslim student posted a Facebook video complaining about the policy, which went viral. But the school was, in fact, simply following a regional bylaw, implemented since 2005, requiring all female students to wear headscarves. It is not clear why the policy went viral now, more than 15 years into its implementation, when this is an issue that women’s rights and religious freedom activists have been highlighting for more than a decade" (5-6). "Case in year 2017...more
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"A state-owned technical school in Padang, West Sumatra Province had been forcing all female students, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, to wear the headscarves. The issue came to national attention after a mother of a non-Muslim student posted a Facebook video complaining about the policy, which went viral. But the school was, in fact, simply following a regional bylaw, implemented since 2005, requiring all female students to wear headscarves. It is not clear why the policy went viral now, more than 15 years into its implementation, when this is an issue that women’s rights and religious freedom activists have been highlighting for more than a decade" (5-6). "Case in year 2017...more
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-2
"After the peace process in Aceh, women human rights defenders are sometimes accused of being anti-islam, in particular 'anti-Shariah', secular, pluralist, liberal, imperialist' when they want to speak-up on their rights" (23).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-2
"After the peace process in Aceh, women human rights defenders are sometimes accused of being anti-islam, in particular 'anti-Shariah', secular, pluralist, liberal, imperialist' when they want to speak-up on their rights" (23).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-3
"W/HRDs who assert rights concerning land and natural resources as well as those activists who uphold sexual and reproductive health and rights particularly on LGBTIQ and safe abortion issue have been particularly at risk of threats, intimidation, and harassment by the authorities who have used such tactics to disrupt their activism. For instance, the Indonesian government’s re-appropriation of land from rural communities for infrastructure and/or investment. After the peace process in Aceh, women human rights defenders are sometimes accused of being anti-islam, in particular 'anti-Shariah', secular, pluralist, liberal, imperialist' when they want to speak-up on their rights" (23).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-3
"W/HRDs who assert rights concerning land and natural resources as well as those activists who uphold sexual and reproductive health and rights particularly on LGBTIQ and safe abortion issue have been particularly at risk of threats, intimidation, and harassment by the authorities who have used such tactics to disrupt their activism. For instance, the Indonesian government’s re-appropriation of land from rural communities for infrastructure and/or investment. After the peace process in Aceh, women human rights defenders are sometimes accused of being anti-islam, in particular 'anti-Shariah', secular, pluralist, liberal, imperialist' when they want to speak-up on their rights" (23).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
"Data from research-2018 conducted by the Ministry of Social Affairs shows that [of] the children who [were] left behind by their mother to work abroad as migrant worker… many... became victims of trafficking or forced marriages" (8-9). "Trafficking in women and girls in certain economic poor regions increased, such as NTT and Singkawang. The task of identifying victims of human trafficking during the pandemic made it even more difficult. For the victim still in confinement by their traffickers, COVID-19 measures may take their desperate situation even worse. In the out-skirts of Jakarta many teenage girls were trapped in guesthouses to serve clients, which they knew through online" (27-28).more
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
"Data from research-2018 conducted by the Ministry of Social Affairs shows that [of] the children who [were] left behind by their mother to work abroad as migrant worker… many... became victims of trafficking or forced marriages" (8-9). "Trafficking in women and girls in certain economic poor regions increased, such as NTT and Singkawang. The task of identifying victims of human trafficking during the pandemic made it even more difficult. For the victim still in confinement by their traffickers, COVID-19 measures may take their desperate situation even worse. In the out-skirts of Jakarta many teenage girls were trapped in guesthouses to serve clients, which they knew through online" (27-28).more
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1
"Some women migrant workers who are suspected of being victims of human trafficking have been executed by police as drugs trafficking syndicates or drugs couriers" (10). "The task of identifying victims of human trafficking during the pandemic made it even more difficult. In the out-skirts of Jakarta many teenage girls were trapped in guesthouses to serve clients, which they knew through online. Victims become less visible to the authorities and subsequent referral to social protection schemes may therefore become more challenging" (27-28).
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1
"Some women migrant workers who are suspected of being victims of human trafficking have been executed by police as drugs trafficking syndicates or drugs couriers" (10). "The task of identifying victims of human trafficking during the pandemic made it even more difficult. In the out-skirts of Jakarta many teenage girls were trapped in guesthouses to serve clients, which they knew through online. Victims become less visible to the authorities and subsequent referral to social protection schemes may therefore become more challenging" (27-28).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: WAM-LAW-1
"There is no specific policy on women in media, and this led to deep-rooted discrimination, and stigmatization against female media workers and journalist. No affirmative mandate for women’s representation in the media industry, especially at high level positions in the context of the fairness of opportunity" (24).
Variables: WAM-LAW-1
"There is no specific policy on women in media, and this led to deep-rooted discrimination, and stigmatization against female media workers and journalist. No affirmative mandate for women’s representation in the media industry, especially at high level positions in the context of the fairness of opportunity" (24).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: WAM-PRACTICE-1
"There is no specific policy on women in media, and this led to deep-rooted discrimination, and stigmatization against female media workers and journalist. No affirmative mandate for women’s representation in the media industry, especially at high level positions in the context of the fairness of opportunity. The Media and Creative Industries Union (Sindikasi) in 2019 states that recruitment process is gender biased, and often only accepting applicants who have beautiful faces and proportionate postures. Sindikasi study (2018) also revealed different wages and allowances between female and male journalists. Female married journalists do not received family allowances, because considered not being a breadwinner. Many never received normative maternity leave for 3...more
Variables: WAM-PRACTICE-1
"There is no specific policy on women in media, and this led to deep-rooted discrimination, and stigmatization against female media workers and journalist. No affirmative mandate for women’s representation in the media industry, especially at high level positions in the context of the fairness of opportunity. The Media and Creative Industries Union (Sindikasi) in 2019 states that recruitment process is gender biased, and often only accepting applicants who have beautiful faces and proportionate postures. Sindikasi study (2018) also revealed different wages and allowances between female and male journalists. Female married journalists do not received family allowances, because considered not being a breadwinner. Many never received normative maternity leave for 3...more
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-5
"Based on ILO Jakarta’s survey in 2015, there are 4,2 million Domestic Workers (DWs) in Indonesia. They are still not recognized as worker and excluded by Indonesian Labor Law, have no rights protection, makes them work and live-in indecent situation" (9). "Informal workers were excluded from the labor law and categorized as unpaid workers in National Security System Law and Social Security Provider Body Law as consequences they were then excluded from state subsidy and employer contribution mandatory scheme. During pandemic almost all of 70,04 million informal workers are not covered by social protection subsidy and National Economy Recovery program while contractual workers in formal economy and women informal economy...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-5
"Based on ILO Jakarta’s survey in 2015, there are 4,2 million Domestic Workers (DWs) in Indonesia. They are still not recognized as worker and excluded by Indonesian Labor Law, have no rights protection, makes them work and live-in indecent situation" (9). "Informal workers were excluded from the labor law and categorized as unpaid workers in National Security System Law and Social Security Provider Body Law as consequences they were then excluded from state subsidy and employer contribution mandatory scheme. During pandemic almost all of 70,04 million informal workers are not covered by social protection subsidy and National Economy Recovery program while contractual workers in formal economy and women informal economy...more
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DV-DATA-1
"The stayed at home policy had impacted in the increased levels of domestic violence which was reported by 2 studies conducted by LBH-APIK JAKARTA during August - November 2020" (27).
Variables: DV-DATA-1
"The stayed at home policy had impacted in the increased levels of domestic violence which was reported by 2 studies conducted by LBH-APIK JAKARTA during August - November 2020" (27).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Female workers in the formal sector consist only 37,16%. As Indonesia is dominated by informal sector, 'lockdown' has severe impact on employment. The government estimates that 2.8 million people had been unemployed by August 2020, including the highly educated. A study suggests that unemployment rate soars up to 17%. Workers in sectors that depend on 'crowds' are the most vulnerable to lose their jobs. Demographic Institute 2020 survey shows that 56% of men and 57% of women had lost their jobs" (27).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Female workers in the formal sector consist only 37,16%. As Indonesia is dominated by informal sector, 'lockdown' has severe impact on employment. The government estimates that 2.8 million people had been unemployed by August 2020, including the highly educated. A study suggests that unemployment rate soars up to 17%. Workers in sectors that depend on 'crowds' are the most vulnerable to lose their jobs. Demographic Institute 2020 survey shows that 56% of men and 57% of women had lost their jobs" (27).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Sindikasi study (2018) also revealed different wages and allowances between female and male journalists. Female married journalists do not received family allowances, because considered not being a breadwinner" (24).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Sindikasi study (2018) also revealed different wages and allowances between female and male journalists. Female married journalists do not received family allowances, because considered not being a breadwinner" (24).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-2
"High poverty rate in Aceh made women victims of domestic violence did not know where to access help especially those who were isolated and in remove areas. Those factors leave many women even more vulnerable" (14). "Services provided via the internet such as hotlines and helplines are often the only possible option for victims in the current circumstances. However, this switch is not possible since not everyone be used online services, and this may be restrained to get such services" (28).
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-2
"High poverty rate in Aceh made women victims of domestic violence did not know where to access help especially those who were isolated and in remove areas. Those factors leave many women even more vulnerable" (14). "Services provided via the internet such as hotlines and helplines are often the only possible option for victims in the current circumstances. However, this switch is not possible since not everyone be used online services, and this may be restrained to get such services" (28).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1
"Despite the wife's visum showed evidence of gender-based violence many law enforcements officers have not yet considered the victim's perspective when they are handling the related cases" (20).
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1
"Despite the wife's visum showed evidence of gender-based violence many law enforcements officers have not yet considered the victim's perspective when they are handling the related cases" (20).