Countries: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Rep, Cote D'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Niger, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Syria, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6

13.0

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

Is selling sex criminalised? Yes. At national level - no specific laws against sex work although at local level some provincial and local governments have laws against all forms of sex work. Many regional regulations prohibit selling sex and sex workers are penalised under public order offences. Is buying sex criminalised? No. Is organising/managing criminalised? Yes - penal code prohibits facilitation, trading in women and living on the earnings of 'prostitution'. However there is a system of regulated brothels that are dealt with on the local level by regional authorities. National government though has in recent years cracked down on regulated brothels and had the ambition to close all the...more

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1

According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Indonesia ranks as a Tier 2 country (85).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1

According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law provides for the valuation of nonmonetary contributions. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, Art. 35 (2).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1

173

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2

1more

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: MMR-DATA-1

According to a 2023 report on global trends in maternal mortality from 2000-2020 published by the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and UNDESA/Population Division, in 2020 the maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) in Indonesia was 173 (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DACH-DATA-1

According to the World Bank, as of 2021, life expectancy in Indonesia is 70 years for women and 66 years for men (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: PHBP-PRACTICE-1

"[S]ome women who were pressured to cover their heads had reported the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, sometimes called dysmorphophobia, which is characterized by the obsessive idea that they feel parts of their bodies, in this case their covered heads, are flawed" (79).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ATC-DATA-5

"Indonesia is a party to the core international human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). The Indonesian government’s enforcement of its jilbab regulations against women and girls violates provisions in several treaties" (83).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: CONST-LAW-1

"Women are entitled to the same rights as men, including the right to wear what they choose" (14).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1

"[A] school regulation at SMAN3 Solok includes multiple sanctions, including two demerits if a student wears 'a transparent jilba' and another two demerits if she wears 'a tight skirt, a mini skirt or a split skirt'" (43). "In Muaraenim, South Sumatra, a male teacher reportedly used scissors to cut the hijabs of several female students after a school assembly when he determined that their hijabs did not meet the school’s requirement. After he cut their hijabs, he sent them home to change their hijabs" (47).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1

"The threat of being denied an education or job is a highly effective way of persuading a woman or girl to wear a jilbab, at considerable psychological cost" (2). "Most female Muslim workers comply with the regulations, but many told Human Rights Watch that they see this as an infringement on their rights. Some women have quit their government jobs, seeking a freer work environment elsewhere" (60). "There are a lot of social pressures on civil servants to wear jilbabs. It is not mandatory. It is not an official regulation. But it is effective" (65).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"In March 2017, I went to Santen beach, the most popular public beach in Banyuwangi, facing Bali Island… The government set up a checkpoint not only to charge visitors but, later I learned, to separate males and females" (78). "We were walking [on the beach] when a man in a civil servant uniform [Korpri] shouted and asked us—women—to move to the woman’s beach section. We did not see public order officials [Satpol PP] like usual. He said the officials had gone home but it did not mean the rule could be ignored. He insisted that we should stay on our side of the iron gate that separated the beach into...more

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

"In 2005, a local ordinance was adopted banning sex work" (77).