Countries: India
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

The Center for Reproductive Rights states that India's laws permit abortion under broad social or economic grounds. Parental authorization/notification required. Abortion permitted in cases of fetal diagnosis and rape. In 2021, India amended its Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTP). The amendments further liberalized access to abortion services and removed several restrictions. The amendments increased the upper gestational limit for access to abortion for minors, for women with specified disabilities, and in cases of rape and incest from 20 to 24 weeks, ​among others. The amendment also removed gestational limits in cases of ​"substantial fetal abnormalities.​"

Countries: India
Variables: AOM-DATA-2

"Absolute figures distort the scale. India, with an estimated 216.65 million child brides, has a population of 1.4 billion people. China has slightly fewer" (para 37). "UNICEF estimates that at least 1.5 million girls under 18 get married in India every years. Nearly 16 per cent of adolescent girls between 15 and 19 were married at the time data was gathered" (para 49).

Countries: India
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1

"So when videos of [Sunita Chauhan and her two husbands, brothers Pradeep and Kapil Negi]'s three-day wedding were circulated online, they sparked national and international scrutiny - interest that the newlyweds say has caused them distress...Before long, clips from the ceremony began circulating online - triggering a media storm that has forced the 'throuple' to defend themselves against criticism, including condemnation from women's rights groups. A representative for the All India Democratic Women's Association reportedly told local media called the marriage an 'act of women's exploitation' that violated the 'funfamental rights of a woman'" (para. 9, 14-15).

Countries: India
Variables: PW-PRACTICE-1

"Hailing from the Shillai village in the Sirmaur district, [Sunita Chauhan and her two husbands, brothers Pradeep and Kapil Negi] belong to the Hatti tribe that has practiced polyandry - when a woman has more than one husband - for many years. While it is outlawed in India, the custom is protected in some of the country's tribal areas like Himalayan territories where it is known as 'Jodidara'. The ancient tradition - called 'Jodidara' - is rooted in an effort to ensure tribal land is not divided with every new generation and promoting unity between families" (para. 5-7)."As per the 'Jodidara' custom, the wife spends time with the brothers as...more

Countries: India
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1

"Local lawmaker Harshwardhan Singh Chauhan told The Hindu it would be 'a rare house' in Shillai [a town in Northern India] where this kind of [fraternal polyandry] 'has not taken place.' He added that 'we have a customary law to protect polyandry' in a statement to reporters on-ground, The Straits Times reported" (para. 24-25).

Countries: India
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"A 12-year-old girl from Bangladesh has been rescued from a prostitution ring in India after she was raped by more than 200 men in just three months. Officers said the girl's ordeal began when she failed a school subject and feared being beaten by her parents. She ran away with the help of a woman she knew, who smuggled her across the border and sold her into the sex trade, according to police. Police said she was first taken to Nadiad in Gujarat, where she was repeatedly abused" (para. 1-4)."Madhu Shankar, an activist, said: 'I have often seen minor girls begging in Vashi and Belapur areas, who are often stolen...more

Countries: India
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1

"In 2022 alone, there were nearly 39,000 reported cases of child rape and sexual assaults. These figures do not take into account the incidents that happen in areas where reporting is not always seen as the best solution. According to reports, victims and their families are often forced into silence by intimidation and a broken justice system. In 2022, only 3% of cases involving child rape resulted in any conviction" (para. 16-19).

Countries: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: AFE-SCALE-1

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Countries: India
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-PRACTICE-1

"Violent crimes include murder, infanticide, foeticide, dowry deaths, grievous hurt, kidnapping and abduction, rape, rioting, and robbery among others" (par. 15).

Countries: India
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1

"While the conviction rate for cases of rape/gang rape was 69.4 per cent, it was 17.7 per cent for cases of cruelty by the husband. The pendency rate for both crimes remained over 90 per cent" (par. 25).

Countries: India
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

"Meanwhile, disposal of crimes against women worsened even as they accounted for about a tenth of all the crimes registered. Over 365,000 cases of crimes against women were recorded in 2022, or an average of 1,001 cases daily. This is a 2 per cent rise compared to the average in 2021 (chart 5). . .While cases of 'kidnapping and abduction' and 'assault with an intent to outrage a woman's modesty' made up 23 per cent each, rape accounted for 8.6 per cent of these cases" (par. 18-20, 22). "While the conviction rate for cases of rape/gang rape was 69.4 per cent, it was 17.7 per cent for cases of cruelty...more

Countries: India
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1

"Violent crimes include murder, infanticide, foeticide, dowry deaths, grievous hurt, kidnapping and abduction, rape, rioting, and robbery among others" (par. 13). This suggest that dowry deaths take place in India (IME - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: India
Variables: SRACE-PRACTICE-1

"The three-week tournament is already a big deal in India, involving big cricket names and big money. The first-ever Women's Premier League (WPL) was confirmed as one of the most lucrative female leagues in the world before the first ball was even bowled, second only to WNBA basketball" (par. 8). "The women's league is also expected to attract a more diverse pool of sponsors, Rao said, pointing to the fact an Indian cosmetic company, Lotus Herbals, secured top spot on the Mumbai Indians' jersey. The female cricketers, a mix of Indian players and international ones, are also benefiting from more lucrative pay days and increased exposure during the league's first...more

Countries: India
Variables: WAM-PRACTICE-1

"The numbers are astonishing, even in a country as cricket-mad as India. The day that five new women's cricket teams went up for auction to investors marked one the biggest-ever financial hauls in the history of women's sports — more than $775 million Cdn. The sale of media rights has also brought in additional revenue" (par. 9). "'It's massive. Growing up, we had only male cricket stars and cricket idols,' she said. 'These women coming every single day on our TV screens are going to be such big inspirations, especially in a country that loves cricket so much'" (par. 33-34).

Countries: India
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-3

"Observers believe that fake news and misinformation that began to spread across social media and WhatsApp on 3 May could have played a critical role, as fake accounts of Meitei women being raped and killed by Kuki mobs, though disproved, began to be widely circulated in a seemingly coordinated campaign. In response, it appears that Meitei mobs began to target Kuki women in 'revenge' rape attacks. Hoineilhing Sitlhou, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Hyderabad, who has been studying the cases, said she could see a 'clear link' between the systematic spread of fake news, which appeared to be circulated quickly with the deliberate purpose of stirring...more