Countries: India
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8

"Studies have put Pakistan as having one of the highest rates [of consanguineous unions] globally at 65 per cent. This is followed by India (55 per cent)" (para 23-24).

Countries: India
Variables: LO-LAW-1

"In short, the Madras high court held that a wife as a homemaker is entitled to an equal share in marital property as she has performed household chores round the clock, thereby enabling the husband to engage in gainful employment and accumulate sufficient savings to purchase property" (par. 3). "Thus, as a matter of economic justice, both spouses should be the legal owners of property and other assets acquired during marriage" (par. 5). "Broadly, there are community property and separation of property regimes. In community property, all assets acquired during marriage are treated as belonging to both spouses. Assets acquired prior to marriage or inheritances received is considered individually owned...more

Countries: India
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1

"Our analysis shows that only 7% of married women own land in landed households. The comparable number is 93% for currently single women. Presumably, the currently single category is largely comprised of widows who inherit their husband’s property" (par. 8). This suggests that women can to inherit as a wife (IME - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: India
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1

"Community of property is of great relevance in a country like India, where women’s avenues for asset acquisition are limited. Women do not typically inherit from their parents and due to their low labour force participation, often lack sufficient earnings to purchase property and other high-value assets" (par. 7). "Our analysis shows that only 7% of married women own land in landed households. The comparable number is 93% for currently single women. Presumably, the currently single category is largely comprised of widows who inherit their husband’s property" (par. 8). This suggests that women are able to receive inheritance (IME - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: India
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2

"In most societies around the world, including in India, the male breadwinner and female caregiver model is deeply entrenched. . .From an early age, girls are socialised to perform well in the reproductive economy encompassing biological reproduction and social reproduction, including home maintenance, child rearing, elderly care and transmission of cultural values. Men, on the other hand, are expected to participate in the productive economy and put bread on the table for their spouses, children and parents" (par. 4).

Countries: India
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1

"In the regimented life of many Indian women, the idea of getting out of the house and hopping on a bus to take a break resides in the realm of fantasy. First they need permission, and then money for the fare. But the state of Karnataka in the country’s south is changing that. While some of the state’s 35 to 40 million women will still need permission to use public transport, they won’t need to ask for funds to cover the cost of a ticket. The state government launched free bus travel for women and transgender people on 11 June. Women can now board a bus any time, any number...more

Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1

"The policy aims to encourage more women to work. Women’s participation in the workforce is low in India. The latest World Bank data says women represent 23% of India’s workforce, as compared with 32% in Bangladesh and 34.5% in Sri Lanka. The hope is that, with free transport, more women can look for jobs and look further away from home while also enjoying the savings. Many women are deterred from working because of the chunk taken out of their modest wages by bus fares" (par. 5-6). "This is not the first such scheme in India. The government of New Delhi started free bus travel for women in 2019 but it...more

Countries: India
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2

"In India’s patriarchal culture, one way of controlling women’s movement is denying them money" (par. 10).

Countries: India
Variables: DLB-DATA-1

"[C]onservative values lead many families to discourage women working outside the home" (para 8). "Still, the highly publicized attacks on working women dovetail with existing beliefs held by many that a woman’s place is in the home, shaping decisions made by women and their families. A Pew Research Center survey in 2019 found 40% of Indians think it is better for a marriage for men to provide while women take care of the home and children, significantly higher than the global median of 23%" (para 17-18).

Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1

"For many women in India, taking steps to ward off a violent attack—and reassuring their families they are safe while at work and on their commutes—is an invisible form of labor that is a central element of their work life. The killing and rape of a trainee doctor in the city of Kolkata in August was a fresh reminder for Indian women who work of the dangers lurking in public spaces where women are far less visible than men, from the deserted corners of a hospital or corporate park, in public transport or on city streets. The 31-year-old was found dead in a seminar hall of the state-run hospital after...more

Countries: India
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

"The killing and rape of a trainee doctor in the city of Kolkata in August was a fresh reminder for Indian women who work of the dangers lurking in public spaces where women are far less visible than men, from the deserted corners of a hospital or corporate park, in public transport or on city streets. The 31-year-old was found dead in a seminar hall of the state-run hospital after she went on break during a night shift. A volunteer at the hospital has been arrested as a suspect" (para 6-7). "A decade ago, Indian laws dealing with crimes against women were overhauled in the wake of the gang-rape of...more

Countries: India
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-2

"When Ajita Topo, a cook in an affluent neighborhood in Delhi, leaves work in the evening, she holds her bag like a shield against her chest, keeps her fists clenched and carries a black umbrella with a very sharp end to ward off a possible attack. She makes sure to wear lots of layers—no matter how hot it is—to deter someone from trying to grope her chest, and secures her bun with a sharp metal stick as an additional weapon. Topo isn’t being paranoid. Last year, she was followed by two men when she left work after 10 p.m. She managed to scare them away by shouting as she passed...more

Countries: India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, United States
Variables: LBHO-DATA-1

"Twenty-seven new parliaments now have fewer women than they did before the elections - countries such as the US, Portugal, Pakistan, India, Indonesia and South Africa" (para 2).

Countries: India
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, LRW-PRACTICE-2

"With tens of thousands of rape cases reported annually, India has earned the moniker 'the rape capital of the world'. It's not because India is an exception - many countries report equal or higher numbers of rapes. But critics say the world's largest democracy gets a bad name because of the way the victims and survivors are treated - they are stigmatised by the society, and often shamed by the police and judiciary too" (para 17-19).

Countries: India
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1, IRP-DATA-1

"The latest data records 76,263 kidnappings and abductions of women - up 14% from 66,544 in 2016. Some of the crime was linked to murder, ransom and many were trafficked for prostitution and domestic work" (para 22-23).