Countries: Ghana
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1

"Arama, also a kayayo, recounted the many times she fought with men who tried raping her in the middle of the night any time she slept on the street. This has forced her to move into a single room with twelve other kayayei.“I didn’t have money to pay for a room so I slept outside. The boys tried raping me but I got scared and sped off so they don’t get me. Now I live with a few of my kayayo sisters in a room,” she recounted. Some of these kayayei have struggled with men beating them over their refusal to give them access to their bodies. This leaves them...more

Countries: Ghana
Variables: LRCM-LAW-1

"Although there is no law specifically on marital rape, the Domestic Violence Act, 2007 (Act 732) suggests that husbands are no longer justified in forcibly having sex with their wives. Sex in marriage without consent is now treated as rape and the husband shall be subjected to the full rigours of the law. Section 1 provides: Domestic violence means engaging in the following within the context of a previous or existing domestic relationship: (b) Specific acts, threats to commit or acts likely to result in (ii) 'Sexual abuse, namely the forceful engagement of a sexual contact which includes sexual conduct that abuses, humiliates and degrades the other person or otherwise...more

Countries: Ghana
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1

"Social challenges: The Kayayei [female manual laborers and market porters in Ghana] are vulnerable to sexual abuse, physical assault, and verbal abuse. They are at risk of being sexually exploited just to make ends meet. Sexual and physical harassment: There are issues of sexual and physical harassment by male clients. Eight participants mentioned that they had experienced sexual harassment by male clients Men like touching the Kayayei. Sometimes, you carry load to the station and the ‘loading boys’ touch you and tell you how nice you are. Anytime someone tries that, I warn the person and leave because I don’t know them. (Single, 22 years old) Sexual assault: Due to...more

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: LRW-LAW-4

Given the following documentation, there is no exoneration in the law allowing an individual accused of rape to have their criminal charges dismissed or overturned by subsequently marrying the victim. However, it should be noted that this only accounts for the legal framework and now what societal pressures may be in practice (ERD - CODER COMMENT).more

Countries: Albania, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Cote D'Ivoire, Ecuador, Estonia, France, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Mozambique, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Togo, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: DV-SCALE-1

2

Countries: Algeria, Argentina, Burma/Myanmar, Cameroon, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, Congo, D R Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Iran, Israel, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Yemen
Variables: LO-SCALE-2

1

Countries: Algeria, Angola, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, D R Congo, Djibouti, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad/Tobago, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United States, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen, Zimbabwe
Variables: ABO-SCALE-1

3

Countries: Ghana
Variables: DV-DATA-1

According to Annex 10, "National prevalence estimates of lifetime and past-12-months physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence against women aged 15-49 years, 2023" the average lifetime point estimate % for Ghana in 2023 was 21.3%.

Countries: Ghana
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"Abortion is illegal in Ghana, except in cases of incest, rape, foetal abnormalities or when a woman’s life is at risk. But ignorance, poverty, religious belief and stigma prevent girls and women from seeking abortion even when it would be legal" (para 5).

Countries: Burkina Faso, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mauritius, Namibia, Zimbabwe
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"[P]ermits access to abortion in additional circumstances such as for mental and physical health reasons" (Para 23).

Countries: Ghana
Variables: AFE-DATA-1

The gender parity index (GPI) for gross secondary school enrollment (i.e. the ratio of gross enrollment of girls to gross enrollment of boys at the secondary level) is 1. This number was found by using the World Bank's data for secondary school gross enrollment for girls and boys. As of 2022, the gross enrollment rate for females is 77% while the gross enrollment rate for males is 77%. (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Ghana
Variables: AOM-DATA-2

"[A]lthough the numbers of child marriage in the country has been on the decline, it continues to happen in some areas and communities. According to UNICEF data, Ghana is currently home to over two million child brides, with one in five girls aged 20 to 24 years married before the age of 18" (para 24-25).

Countries: Ghana
Variables: AOM-PRACTICE-1

"An influential 63-year-old priest has sparked outrage in Ghana after marrying a 12-year-old girl who was selected to be his wife at the age of six. The priest, also known as a Gborbu Wulomo, Nuumo Borketey Laweh Tsuru XXXIII, married the child in a customary ceremony held in Nungua, Krowor, on Saturday" (para 1-2).

Countries: Burundi, Ghana, Malaysia, Rwanda, Swaziland
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6

10.0

Countries: Ghana
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5

"Although commercial sex work is illegal in Ghana, it is a booming business in areas like Lapaz, Cantonments, Osu, East Legon, and Kasoa where select local pubs are often inundated with young girls in revealing clothes seeking potential clients" (para 24).