Countries: France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, United Kingdom
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"Other European governments – including in France, England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, and Germany – took steps to facilitate access to medical abortion early in the pandemic by extending legal time limits, permitting self-management of medical abortion at home, and conducting consultations via telemedicine" (6).

Countries: France
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"Emmanuel Macron has promised to enshrine a woman’s right to an abortion in the French constitution by next year, after restrictions in other countries propelled France on a path towards unconditionally guaranteeing abortion rights. The French president said on Sunday that his government would submit a draft text to France’s highest administrative court over the coming week, with the aim of making abortion rights constitutional by the end of the year" (para 1-2). "The resolution was overwhelmingly backed in the national assembly last November before being passed in the senate in February, despite opposition from rightwing parties, which argued that France’s abortion rights were not at risk" (para 5). "Abortion...more

Countries: France
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1

"Gisèle Pelicot’s daughter, Caroline Darian, this week stepped up her campaign to raise awareness on drugging and drug-facilitated rape with her organisation Don’t Put me Under (#MendorsPas). 'I realised very quickly that the scourge of chemical submission was a major concern in society and a major health issue that was invisible,' she told France 2 TV before the broadcast on Tuesday night of a documentary she took part in" (para 19-20). "Darian said drugging happened 'in all walks of life', and survivors had to fight to produce proof. She said she was now campaigning to improve prevention of the crime, and to encourage survivors to speak out" (para 23).more

Countries: France
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"While a change to the wording of the law would 'not be enough on its own' to combat the difficulties of victims in getting a case prosecuted and obtaining justice, they said, it could be one of the building blocks in a 'paradigm shift' being called for by feminist groups, professionals and public opinion" (para 14). "Darian said drugging happened 'in all walks of life', and survivors had to fight to produce proof. She said she was now campaigning to improve prevention of the crime, and to encourage survivors to speak out" (para 23).

Countries: France
Variables: LRW-LAW-1

"France should update its rape law to add a clear reference to consent, a parliamentary report has found, months after French society was shaken by the trial of 51 men over the repeated drugging and rape of Gisèle Pelicot. The report, to be presented on Tuesday, said action must be taken urgently to update the law. 'Almost 10 years after the start of the #MeToo movement, and as the [Pelicot] trial showed once again, the fight against rape culture must be a priority: the fight against rape culture needs a law that is clearer,' it found. Two MPs – Véronique Riotton from Emmanuel Macron’s centrist group, Ensemble pour la République,...more

Countries: France
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2

"Testimony in the film includes a 15-year-old girl who was drugged and abused by her father, who crushed medication into the fruit yoghurt she would eat before bed. Analysis of her hair was able to show the drugging had continued for years" (para 22).

Countries: France
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"The issue was back in focus this month after France inscribed the right to abortion in its constitution” (para 5). “Stating that ‘it is the right of a human being to freely decide on the birth of children,’ Yugoslavia’s constitution did not explicitly guarantee abortion, as France's does.... ‘France’s decision reminded us that we had that right in the 1974 constitution, which means exactly 50 years before France,’ Ignjatovic said” (para 18-19).

Countries: France
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1

"[There are] broader questions over the toxic ­masculinity riddling French society, how the police, courts and society treat rape victims, the use of drugs in rape, and, of course, consent, or the absence of the concept in French law" (23).

Countries: France
Variables: LRW-LAW-1

"[There are] broader questions over the toxic ­masculinity riddling French society, how the police, courts and society treat rape victims, the use of drugs in rape, and, of course, consent, or the absence of the concept in French law. In France, rape is defined as 'sexual penetration, ­committed against another person by violence, constraint, threat or surprise' (23).

Countries: France
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1

"For Camus [lawyer to Gisèle Pelico, rape victim], their [rapists] excuses are ­evidence of French society’s 'culture of rape' being played out in real time. 'These absurd suggestions, prejudices, hypotheses, ­preconceived ideas … all deployed before our very eyes, and all at the expense of Gisèle Pelicot,' he says" (para 19). "Statistics from the Institut des Politiques Publiques in France ­suggest that over a 10-year period there were more than 400,000 cases of sexual violence in France, 86% of which resulted in no action and only 13% in conviction" (24). "Agnès Fichot, a ­lawyer who worked with the late Halimi [feminist lawyer] on the [rape] case, says attitudes [towards rape]...more

Countries: France
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-2

"[France is a] country where the #MeToo movement has struggled to maintain much impetus" (para 24). In 2018, as French women began to open up about sexual abuse in the wake of the Harvey Weinstein ­scandal, a collective of 100 women, including the grande dame of French cinema, Catherine Deneuve, wrote an open letter saying it had all gone too far and was stifling men’s ability to seduce" (para 25).

Countries: France
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"A congress of both houses of parliament in Versailles starting at 3:30 pm (1430 GMT) found the three-fifths majority needed for the change after it overcame initial resistance in the right-leaning Senate. After congress approved the move, France became the only country in the world to clearly protect the right to terminate a pregnancy in its basic law. President Emmanuel Macron pledged last year to enshrine abortion -- legal in France since 1975 -- in the constitution after the US Supreme Court in 2022 overturned the half-century-old right to the procedure, allowing states to ban or curtail it. France's lower-house National Assembly in January overwhelmingly approved making abortion a 'guaranteed...more

Countries: France
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1

"When political campaigning began in earnest in 1971, 'we could never have imagined that the right to abortion would one day be written into the constitution,' Claudine Monteil, head of the Femmes Monde (Women in the World) association, told AFP" (para 7).

Countries: France, Germany
Variables: ACR-LAW-1

"Many European Union countries, including Germany and France, ban domestic surrogacy. In some of those countries, families who use international surrogacy can sometimes face obstacles to registering their newborns as citizens" (par. 15).

Countries: France
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1

"Pupils will be banned from wearing abayas, loose-fitting full-length robes worn by some Muslim women, in France's state-run schools, the education minister has said. The rule will be applied as soon as the new school year starts on 4 September. France has a strict ban on religious signs in state schools and government buildings, arguing that they violate secular laws. Wearing a headscarf has been banned since 2004 in state-run schools" (para 1-4). "In 2010, France banned the wearing of full face veils in public which provoked anger in France's five million-strong Muslim community" (para 10). "It has been updating the law over the years to reflect its changing population,...more