Countries: China
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The director of China’s National Health Commission (NHC) announced during a press conference Monday that the Communist Party will be investing heavily in programs intended to raise the birth rate, particularly in expanding access to pediatric care and child care for working families" (para 1). "Lei [China’s National Health Commission (NHC) chief] announced an impending rollout of new measures to help boost fertility and aid parents in raising their children, most of them associated with offering child care services. 'In detail, Lei mentioned that the initiative supports communities and employers in setting up child care service institutions, enabling residents to access nearby, convenient, and reasonably affordable child care services,' the...more

Countries: China
Variables: FSCB-PRACTICE-1

"Increased government spending to help parents with child care is among the least intrusive ideas the Communist Party has brainstormed to improve the nation’s birth rate. In 2024, the Party apparently rolled out a program in which comrades would call and harass random women about their menstrual cycles, which was revealed after women took to Chinese-controlled social media to complain. The “fertility call checks” reportedly consisted of Party members randomly calling women, asking if they were pregnant, then demanding details about their periods and ovulation cycles to pressure them into having a child" (para 15). This information indicates the existance of pressure and coercion towards the Chinese women to have...more

Countries: China
Variables: BR-DATA-1

"Chinese statistics authorities announced in January that the population of China at the end of 2025 was 1.404 billion, down 3 million from the prior year. The birth rate declined 17 percent in a year, resulting in under 8 million births in 2025. Some experts attributed the decline to 2025 mostly overlapping with the Year of the Snake, which many Chinese parents consider inauspicious for giving birth" (para 4).

Countries: China
Variables: LRCM-LAW-3

"In Chinese law codes, incest has been punished as one of the worst sexual crimes from at least the third century b.c.e." (para 1).

Countries: China
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2

"...Article 236 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China does not explicitly stipulate that the husband cannot be considered the subject of the crime of rape. Consequently, marital rape constitutes an obstacle to the crime of rape and is not guilty of the law" (200).

Countries: China
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1

"'According to previous verdicts, courts would usually not recognize marital rape when the husband forces the wife to have sex, unless when the woman already sued for divorce or the couples are under separation,' he [Lü Xiaoquan, a women’s legal aid lawyer at Qianqian Law Firm in Beijing] told Sixth Tone" (para 5).

Countries: China
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1

"...in the case of Wang's rape, despite the perpetrator Wang being convicted of rape for having non-consensual sex with the victim Qian while their divorce was not yet finalized, he was only sentenced to three years in prison with a three-year suspension of sentence. In the case of Bai Junfeng, the perpetrator's rape act resulted in the victim experiencing convulsions and losing consciousness. However, this did not constitute rape because the marriage was still valid. This is evidence of the lack of specific provisions on marital rape in criminal law and judicial interpretations, which can result in situations of "different verdicts for similar cases" in judicial practice" (200).more

Countries: China
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1

“A Chinese court made a rare move to calm public outrage this week over a controversial murder case involving a young woman killed by her husband and in-laws. The 22-year-old Chinese woman had only been married for six months when her husband and in-laws beat her to death, because she had been unable to conceive a child, according to state-run news agency Xinhua” (para 1-2).

Countries: China
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

For the timeframe 2020 to present, no evidence was located on People’s Liberation Army (PLA) / People’s Armed Police (PAP) practices specifically addressing reporting of intra-military rape or sexual assault. General military complaint and legal-assistance channels exist, but they are not sexual-assault specific (MR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: China
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

For the timeframe 2020 to present, there appears to be little to no publicly available data on the commonality of intra-military rape or sexual assault in the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) / People’s Armed Police (PAP). No prevalence rates, reported-case numbers, or estimates of unreported assault were located. However, the absence of publicly available data should not be interpreted as evidence that such cases do not occur (MR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: China
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1

"Around 3:00 AM on February 24, 2020, Zhang [Chinese abusive husband], after drinking heavily, assaulted Li [his wife] again at home. He grabbed Li's hair, slapped him repeatedly, and punched him in the chest and back. After being beaten, Li took his son to his father Li's house for refuge. After leaving his son at his father's house, Li committed suicide by drowning in a river on the west side of the village. Villagers later discovered Li's body and called the police. An autopsy determined that Li died from drowning" (para 10).

Countries: China
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1

"May Lu, managing partner at Shanghai Yaowang law offices who specialises in employment issues, said that in recent years there were more cases of victims of sexual harassment filing lawsuits, thanks to the influence of the MeToo movement and the development of Chinese laws. 'But overall, we could not say it is common to see such cases successfully filed,' Lu said. 'One of the reasons is culturally it is difficult for females speak up about sexual harassment'"(para 17).

Countries: China
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"The case [of Xiong, a Chinese woman who was harassed by her former manager] is as a rare example of an employee winning a claim about sexual harassment in a country where the MeToo movement enraged millions of women, but was quickly snuffed out by the authorities. Discussion of sexual harassment briefly surged on social media but was then censored to prevent the conversation snowballing into a wider social movement, with the hashtag #MeToo blocked" (para 3). This information shows that women in China rarely win sexual harassment claims, and that reporting is discouraged by social and political pressure. It also shows the #MeToo movement, which pushed back against this...more

Countries: China
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

"The case [of Xiong, a Chinese woman who was harassed by her former manager] is as a rare example of an employee winning a claim about sexual harassment in a country where the MeToo movement enraged millions of women, but was quickly snuffed out by the authorities. Discussion of sexual harassment briefly surged on social media but was then censored to prevent the conversation snowballing into a wider social movement, with the hashtag #MeToo blocked" (para 3). "Soon after she [Xiong, Chinese woman] started [her internship at Beijing Grassland Alliance] she said that her manager, a man ten years her senior, started sexually harassing her. His behaviour included joking about...more

Countries: China
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, LO-DATA-3

“In rural areas, the implementation of the Household Responsibility System boosted agricultural productivity but often rendered married women ‘landless.’ In some regions, women received only 50%−70% of land allocated to men, significantly weakening their bargaining power within households and increasing their vulnerability to DV” (para 36).